Ha ho etsoa tsamaiso ea liphaephe tsa khatello, moenjiniere ea khethang hangata o tla bolela hore tsamaiso ea liphaephe e lokela ho lumellana le karolo e le 'ngoe kapa tse ngata tsa ASME B31 Pressure Piping Code. Baenjiniere ba latela ka nepo litlhoko tsa khoutu joang ha ba qapa mekhoa ea liphaephe?
Ntlha ea pele, moenjiniere o tlameha ho etsa qeto ea hore na ke litlhaloso life tsa moralo tse lokelang ho khethoa.Bakeng sa litsamaiso tsa liphaephe tsa khatello, sena ha se hlile ha se lekanyetsoe ho ASME B31.Likhoutu tse ling tse fanoeng ke ASME, ANSI, NFPA, kapa mekhatlo e meng e laolang e ka laoloa ke sebaka sa morero, kopo, joalo-joaloHo ASME B31, hona joale ho na le likarolo tse supileng tse arohaneng tse sebetsang.
ASME B31.1 Liphaephe tsa Motlakase: Karolo ena e akaretsa liphaephe liteisheneng tsa motlakase, lifeme tsa indasteri le tsa mekhatlo, litsamaiso tse futhumatsang mocheso oa mocheso oa mocheso oa mocheso oa mocheso le mocheso oa libaka, le litsamaiso tse futhumatsang le tsa setereke tse bohareng. 100.1.3 ea ASME B31.1. Tšimoloho ea ASME B31.1 e ka saloa morao ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1920, ka khatiso ea pele ea semmuso e hatisitsoeng ka 1935. Hlokomela hore khatiso ea pele, ho kenyeletsoa le lihlomathiso, e ne e le ka tlase ho maqephe a 30, 'me khatiso ea hajoale e bolelele ba maqephe a fetang 300.
ASME B31.3 Ts'ebetso ea Liphaephe: Karolo ena e akaretsa liphaephe libakeng tsa ho hloekisa; lik'hemik'hale, meriana, masela, pampiri, semiconductor, le limela tsa cryogenic; le limela tse sebetsanang le li-terminals tse amanang le tsona.Karolo ena e tšoana haholo le ASME B31.1, haholo-holo ha ho baloa bonyane botenya ba lebota bakeng sa pipe e otlolohileng.
ASME B31.4 Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquids and Slurry: Karolo ena e akaretsa liphaephe tse tsamaisang haholo-holo lihlahisoa tsa metsi pakeng tsa limela le li-terminals, le ka har'a li-terminals, pumping, conditioning, le metering stations.
ASME B31.5 Liphaephe tsa Sehatsetsing le Likarolo Tsa Ho Fetisetsa Mocheso: Karolo ena e akaretsa liphaephe tsa lihatsetsi le li-coolants tsa bobeli.
ASME B31.8 Phetiso ea Khase le Mechini ea Phatlalatso ea Liphaephe: Sena se kenyelletsa liphaephe ho tsamaisa haholo lihlahisoa tse nang le khase lipakeng tsa mehloli le liteishene, ho kenyeletsoa li-compressor, conditioning le li-metering station; le liphaephe tse bokellang khase. Karolo ena qalong e ne e le karolo ea B31.1 'me e ile ea lokolloa ka lekhetlo la pele ka thoko ka 1955.
ASME B31.9 Meaho ea Litšebeletso Tsa Kaho: Karolo ena e akaretsa liphaephe tse atisang ho fumanoa mehahong ea liindasteri, ea mekhatlo, ea khoebo le ea sechaba; le madulo a diyuniti tse ngata a sa hlokeng boholo, kgatello, le mefuta ya thempereichara e kenyeleditsweng ho ASME B31.1.Karolo ena e tshwana le ASME B31.1 le B31.3, empa e sa tsitsa (haholo ha ho balwa botenya ba lebota bo fokolang) mme e na le dintlha tse fokolang.E lekanyeditswe kgatello e tlase, ditshebediso tsa mocheso o tlase jwaloka ha ho bontshitswe ho ASME B39100 serapa sa pele se phatlaladitsweng. 1982.
ASME B31.12 Hydrogen Piping and Piping: Karolo ena e akaretsa liphaephe tsa khase le tšebeletso ea haedrojene e metsi, le liphaephe tsa khase ea hydrogen service. Karolo ena e phatlalalitsoe ka lekhetlo la pele ka 2008.
Kenyelletso ea ASME B31 e re, "Ke boikarabello ba mong'a ntlo ho khetha karolo ea khoutu e batlang e le haufi haholo le tlhahiso ea liphaephe tse sisintsoeng." Maemong a mang, "likarolo tse ngata tsa khoutu li ka sebetsa likarolong tse fapaneng tsa ho kenya."
Khatiso ea 2012 ea ASME B31.1 e tla sebetsa e le tšupiso ea mantlha bakeng sa lipuisano tse latelang.Morero oa sengoloa sena ke ho tataisa moenjiniere ea khethang ka mehato e meng ea mantlha ea ho rala tsamaiso ea liphaephe ea khatello e lumellanang le ASME B31. Ho latela litataiso tsa ASME B31.1 ho fana ka boemeli bo botle ba moralo oa sistimi e akaretsang.E tšoanang le mekhoa ea moralo oa B31 e sebelisoa. karolo e setseng ea ASME B31 e sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tse fokolang, haholo-holo bakeng sa litsamaiso tse itseng kapa lits'ebetso, 'me ha li na ho buisanoa ka ho eketsehileng.Le hoja mehato ea bohlokoa ea mokhoa oa ho etsa moralo e tla totobatsoa mona, puisano ena ha e felle 'me khoutu e feletseng e lokela ho buuoa kamehla nakong ea moralo oa tsamaiso.Litšupiso tsohle tsa mongolo li bua ka ASME B31.1 ntle le ha ho boletsoe ka tsela e fapaneng.
Ka mor'a ho khetha khoutu e nepahetseng, moqapi oa tsamaiso o boetse o tlameha ho hlahloba litlhoko leha e le life tsa moralo o khethehileng oa tsamaiso. Serapa sa 122 (Karolo ea 6) e fana ka litlhoko tsa moralo tse amanang le mekhoa e atisang ho fumanoa lits'ebetsong tsa liphaephe tsa motlakase, tse kang mouoane, metsi a fepa, blowdown le blowdown, liphaephe tsa lisebelisoa, le tsamaiso ea khatello ea khatello.ASME B31.3 e na le lirapa tse tšoanang ho ASME B31.1 tse nang le lintlha tse ka tlaase ho 1. khatello e khethehileng ea sistimi le litlhoko tsa mocheso, hammoho le meeli e fapaneng ea matla e hlalositsoe lipakeng tsa boiler ka boyona, liphaephe tsa ka ntle tsa boiler, le liphaephe tsa kantle tse sa beelang tse hoketsoeng ho ASME Karolo ea I ea liphaephe tsa boiler. tlhaloso.Setšoantšo sa 2 se bontša mefokolo ena ea boiler ea drum.
Moqapi oa tsamaiso o tlameha ho etsa qeto ea khatello le mocheso oo tsamaiso e tla sebetsa ho oona le maemo ao tsamaiso e lokelang ho etsoa ho kopana le 'ona.
Ho ea ka serapa sa 101.2, khatello ea moralo oa ka hare e ke ke ea e-ba ka tlase ho khatello e phahameng ea ho sebetsa e tsoelang pele (MSOP) ka har'a tsamaiso ea liphaephe, ho kenyelletsa le phello ea hlooho e sa sisinyeheng. khatello ea sepakapaka, phala e tla etsoa ho mamella khatello ea ka ntle kapa mehato e tla nkoa ho senya sekoti.Maemong ao ho atolosoa ha metsi ho ka eketsang khatello, mekhoa ea liphaephe e lokela ho etsoa ho mamella khatello e eketsehileng kapa mehato e lokela ho nkoa ho fokotsa khatello e feteletseng.
Ho qala ho Karolo ea 101.3.2, mocheso oa tšepe bakeng sa moralo oa liphaephe e tla ba moemeli oa maemo a lebelletsoeng a phahameng a tsitsitseng. Bakeng sa bonolo, hangata ho nahanoa hore mocheso oa tšepe o lekana le mocheso oa mokelikeli.
Hangata, baqapi ba eketsa moeli oa tšireletso ho khatello e phahameng ea ho sebetsa le / kapa mocheso.Boholo ba margin bo itšetlehile ka kopo.Ho bohlokoa hape ho nahana ka lithibelo tsa thepa ha ho khethoa mocheso oa moralo.Ho hlalosa mocheso o phahameng oa moralo (o moholo ho feta 750 F) o ka hloka tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa alloy ho e-na le ho feta tekano ea carbon steel.Litekanyetso tsa khatello ea kelello ka har'a lintho tse hlokahalang li fanoe feela bakeng sa mocheso o mong le o mong oa carbon. tšepe e ka fana feela ka boleng ba khatello ea maikutlo ho fihla ho 800 F. Ho pepeseha ha carbon steel ka nako e telele mochesong o ka holimo ho 800 F ho ka etsa hore pipe e be carbonize, e etsa hore e be brittle le ho atisa ho hlōleha.
Ka linako tse ling baenjiniere ba ka boela ba bolela likhatello tsa teko bakeng sa tsamaiso ka 'ngoe.Serapa sa 137 se fana ka tataiso mabapi le tlhahlobo ea khatello ea kelello.Ka tloaelo, tlhahlobo ea hydrostatic e tla hlalosoa ka makhetlo a 1.5 khatello ea moralo; leha ho le joalo, hoop le likhatello tsa longitudinal piping li ke ke tsa feta 90% ea matla a tlhahiso ea thepa e serapeng sa 102.3.3 (B) nakong ea teko ea khatello.Bakeng sa mekhoa e meng ea liphaephe tsa ka ntle tse sa beelang ka ntle, tlhahlobo ea leak ea ts'ebeletso e ka ba mokhoa o sebetsang haholoanyane oa ho hlahloba ho lutla ka lebaka la mathata a ho arola likarolo tsa tsamaiso nakong ea ts'ebetso e bonolo, kapa ho lumella feela hore ho behoe lits'ebetso tsa tsamaiso. Kea lumela, sena sea amoheleha.
Hang ha maemo a moralo a thehiloe, liphaephe li ka hlalosoa.Ntho ea pele ea ho etsa qeto ke hore na ke lintho life tse tla sebelisoa.Joalokaha ho boletsoe pejana, lisebelisoa tse fapaneng li na le meeli e fapaneng ea mocheso ho thibela kutu e potlakisang phallo.Flow Accelerated Corrosion (FAC) ke ts'ebetso ea khoholeho / khoholeho e bonts'itsoeng e baka ho sesa ho hoholo ha lebota le ho hloleha ha lipeipi ho tse ling tsa liphaephe tse mahlonoko haholo.Ho hloleha ho nahana ka nepo ho fokotseha ha likarolo tsa lipeipi ho ka ba le litlamorao tse mpe, joalo ka ka 2007 ha liphaephe tsa motlakase tsa KCP&L tse peli li bolaea basebetsi ba KCPNhe ba babeli le ho bolaea basebetsi ba CCPhe ba babeli. ho lematsa karolo ya boraro hampe.
Equation 7 le Equation 9 serapeng sa 104.1.1 li hlalosa bonyane botenya ba lebota bo hlokahalang le khatello e phahameng ea moralo oa ka hare, ka ho latellana, bakeng sa pipe e otlolohileng tlas'a khatello ea ka hare. mefuta e mengata e amehang, e hlalosang thepa e loketseng ea liphaephe, bophara ba lebitso, le botenya ba lebota e ka ba ts'ebetso e pheta-phetoang e ka kenyelletsang lebelo la mokelikeli, ho theoha ha khatello, le litšenyehelo tsa liphaephe le ho pompa.Ho sa tsotellehe kopo, bonyane botenya ba lebota bo hlokahalang bo tlameha ho netefatsoa.
Maemo a eketsehileng a botenya a ka eketsoa ho lefella mabaka a fapaneng a kenyeletsang FAC. Litumello li ka 'na tsa hlokoa ka lebaka la ho tlosoa ha likhoele, li-slots, joalo-joalo lintho tse hlokahalang ho etsa manonyeletso a mechine. Ho ea ka serapa sa 102.4.2, chelete e fokolang e tla lekana le botebo ba khoele hammoho le mamello ea ho sebetsa. meroalo kapa lisosa tse ling tse tšohliloeng serapeng sa 102.4.4. Litumello li ka boela tsa ekeletsoa tlalehong ea manonyeletso a cheselitsoeng (serapa sa 102.4.3) le litsoe (serapa sa 102.4.5). Qetellong, mamello e ka ekeletsoa ho lefella kutu le / kapa khoholeho ea mobu. ho kenya lipompo ho latela temana ea 102.4.1.
Optional Annex IV e fana ka tataiso mabapi le taolo ea kutu.Protective coatings, cathodic protection, le motlakase ho itšehla thajana (joalo ka insulating flanges) kaofela ke mekhoa ea ho thibela kutu ea kantle ea liphaephe tse patiloeng kapa tse keneng ka metsing.Corrosion inhibitors kapa liners li ka sebelisoa ho thibela kutu ka hare.Tlhokomelo e boetse e lokela ho nkuoa ho sebelisa hydrostatic corrosion, ka mor'a ho lekola metsi ka ho feletseng, ka mor'a ho hlahloba metsi ka ho feletseng le ho ntša metsi tekolo.
Botenya ba lebota la liphaephe kapa kemiso e hlokahalang bakeng sa lipalo tse fetileng e kanna ea se ke ea lula e le ka har'a bophara ba phaephe 'me e ka hloka lintlha tsa lipampiri tse fapaneng bakeng sa li-diameter tse fapaneng. Kemiso e nepahetseng le boleng ba botenya ba lebota li hlalositsoe ho ASME B36.10 Welded and Seamless Forged Steel Pipe.
Ha u hlakisa thepa ea phala le ho etsa lipalo tse boletsoeng pejana, ho bohlokoa ho etsa bonnete ba hore boleng bo phahameng bo lumelletsoeng ba khatello ea maikutlo bo sebelisitsoeng lipalo bo lumellana le thepa e boletsoeng. Mohlala, haeba phala ea tšepe e sa hloekang ea A312 304L e sa hlalosoa ka phoso sebakeng sa A312 304 phala ea tšepe e sa hloekang, botenya ba lerako bo fanoeng bo kanna ba se lekane ka lebaka la phapang e kholo lipakeng tsa lisebelisoa tse peli. mokhoa oa ho etsa phala o tla hlalosoa ka tsela e nepahetseng.Ka mohlala, haeba boholo bo lumelletsoeng ba khatello ea maikutlo bakeng sa phala e se nang moroalo bo sebelisoa bakeng sa ho bala, phala e se nang moeli e lokela ho hlalosoa.Ho seng joalo, moetsi/sekenisi se ka fana ka phala e entsoeng ka seam e cheselitsoeng, e ka fellang ka botenya bo sa lekaneng ba lebota ka lebaka la ho theola maemo a tlase a lumellehang a khatello.
Ka mohlala, ha re re mocheso oa moralo oa liphaephe ke 300 F 'me khatello ea moralo ke 1,200 psig.2" le 3" terata ea carbon steel (A53 Grade B seamless) e tla sebelisoa. Etsa qeto ea moralo o nepahetseng oa liphaephe ho hlakisa ho finyella litlhoko tsa ASME B31.1 Equation 9. Pele ho hlalosoa:
Ka mor'a moo, fumana boleng bo phahameng bo lumelletsoeng ba khatello ea maikutlo bakeng sa A53 Kereiti ea B ho mocheso oa moralo o kaholimo ho tsoa ho Lethathamo la A-1. Hlokomela hore boleng ba phala e se nang seam bo sebelisoa hobane phala e se nang seam e boletsoeng:
Tumello ea botenya le eona e tlameha ho eketsoa.Bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ena, ho nkuoa tumello ea ho bola ea 1/16. Ho tla eketsoa ka thoko ho mamella ho sila hamorao.
Ka lisenthimithara tse 3. Pipe e tla hlalosoa pele. Ho nka phala ea Shedule 40 le mamello ea 12.5%, bala khatello e kholo:
Kemiso ea 40 pipe e khotsofatsa bakeng sa lisenthimithara tse 3. tube ka maemo a moralo a boletsoeng ka holimo. Ka mor'a moo, hlahloba lisenthimithara tse 2. Pipeline e sebelisa likhopolo tse tšoanang:
lisenthimithara tse 2. Tlas'a maemo a moralo a boletsoeng ka holimo, liphaephe li tla hloka botenya bo matla ba lebota ho feta Kemiso ea 40. Leka lisenthimithara tse 2. Kemiso ea 80 Pipes:
Le hoja botenya ba marako a pipe hangata e le ntho e thibelang moralo oa khatello, ho ntse ho le bohlokoa ho netefatsa hore li-fittings, likaroloana le likhokahano tse sebelisoang li loketse maemo a boletsoeng a moralo.
Joalo ka molao o akaretsang, ho latela lirapa 104.2, 104.7.1, 106 le 107, li-valve tsohle, li-fittings le likarolo tse ling tse nang le khatello tse entsoeng ho latela maemo a thathamisitsoeng ho Lethathamo la 126.1 li tla nkuoa li loketse ho sebelisoa tlas'a maemo a tloaelehileng a ts'ebetso kapa ka tlase ho maemo ao bahlahisi ba lokelang ho elelloa litekanyetso tsa mocheso kapa likhatello tse itseng. meedi e thata ya ho kgeloha tshebetsong e tlwaelehileng ho feta e boletsweng ho ASME B31.1, ho tla sebediswa meedi e thata.
Liphaepheng tsa liphaephe, li-tee, li-transverses, lifapano, li-welded joints, joalo-joalo, tse entsoeng ho latela litekanyetso tse thathamisitsoeng ho Lethathamo la 126.1. Maemong a mang, mateano a liphaephe a ka 'na a hloka likhokahano tse ikhethang tsa makala.
Ho nolofatsa moralo, moqapi a ka 'na a khetha ho beha maemo a moralo holimo ho finyella litekanyetso tsa flange tsa sehlopha se itseng sa khatello (mohlala, ASME sehlopha sa 150, 300, joalo-joalo) joalokaha ho hlalositsoe ke sehlopha sa khatello ea mocheso bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tse boletsoeng ho ASME B16 .5 Liphaephe le li-flange tse kopantsoeng, kapa litekanyetso tse tšoanang tse thathamisitsoeng ho Lethathamo la 126. ka botenya ba lebota kapa meaho e meng ya dikarolo.
Karolo ea bohlokoa ea moralo oa liphaephe ke ho netefatsa hore botšepehi ba sebopeho sa tsamaiso ea liphaephe boa bolokoa hang ha liphello tsa khatello, mocheso le matla a ka ntle li sebelisoa.Botšepehi ba meralo ea tsamaiso hangata bo hlokomolohuoa ha ho etsoa moralo 'me, haeba ho sa etsoe hantle, e ka ba e 'ngoe ea likarolo tse theko e boima haholo tsa moralo. 119: Katoloso le Ho Fetolana.
Serapa sa 104.8 se thathamisa mekhoa ea motheo ea khoutu e sebelisetsoang ho fumana hore na tsamaiso ea liphaephe e feta likhoutu tse lumelletsoeng. ho nahanoa hore mojaro o mong le o mong oa tšohanyetso o sebelisitsoeng o ke ke oa sebetsa holim'a mejaro e meng ea tšohanyetso ka nako e le 'ngoe, kahoo mojaro o mong le o mong o tla ba moroalo o arohaneng nakong ea tlhahlobo.Meroalo ea phalliso ke litlamorao tsa kholo ea mocheso, phallo ea lisebelisoa nakong ea ts'ebetso, kapa mojaro ofe kapa ofe oa phalliso.
Serapa sa 119 se bua ka mokhoa oa ho sebetsana le ho atolosoa ha liphaephe le ho feto-fetoha ha liphaephe le mokhoa oa ho tseba hore na motho o arabela joang.
Ho lumellana le ho feto-fetoha ha tsamaiso ea liphaephe le ho etsa bonnete ba hore tsamaiso e tšehetsoa ka mokhoa o nepahetseng, ke mokhoa o motle oa ho tšehetsa liphaephe tsa tšepe ho ea ka Lethathamo la 121.5. Haeba moqapi a leka ho finyella sebaka se tloaelehileng sa tšehetso bakeng sa tafole ena, e finyella lintho tse tharo: ho fokotsa ho itšehla thajana, ho fokotsa meroalo e tsitsitseng, le ho eketsa meroalo e fumanehang bakeng sa ts'ehetso bakeng sa moqapi. 121.5, ka tloaelo e tla fella ka ho falla ha boima ba 'mele ka tlase ho 1/8 kapa sag.pakeng tsa li-tube supports.Ho fokotsa boima ba' mele ho thusa ho fokotsa monyetla oa ho ba le condensation liphaepheng tse tsamaisang mouoane kapa khase. bohlokoa
Ho thusa ho etsa bonnete ba hore piping system reaction loads e nahanoa ka nepo le hore likhatello tsa khoutu li fihlellehe, mokhoa o tloaelehileng ke ho etsa tlhahlobo ea khatello ea methapo ea khomphutha ea sistimi.Ho na le mefuta e mengata e fapaneng ea liphaephe tsa tlhahlobo ea khatello ea maikutlo ea liphaephe tse fumanehang, joalo ka Bentley AutoPIPE, Intergraph Caesar II, Piping Solutions Tri-Flex, kapa e 'ngoe ea liphutheloana tse fumanehang khoebong. tsamaiso ea liphaephe bakeng sa ho netefatsoa habonolo le bokhoni ba ho etsa liphetoho tse hlokahalang ho tlhophiso.Setšoantšo sa 4 se bontša mohlala oa ho etsa mohlala le ho hlahloba karolo ea lipeipi.
Ha ba qapa tsamaiso e ncha, baqapi ba tsamaiso ka tloaelo ba bolela hore liphaephe le likarolo tsohle li lokela ho etsoa, ​​​​li chesetsoe, li kopane, joalo-joalo joalokaha ho hlokoa ke khoutu efe kapa efe e sebelisoang.Leha ho le joalo, ho tse ling tsa retrofits kapa likopo tse ling, ho ka ba molemo hore moenjiniere ea khethiloeng a fane ka tataiso mabapi le mekhoa e itseng ea tlhahiso, joalokaha ho hlalositsoe Khaolong ea V.
Bothata bo tloaelehileng bo kopaneng le likopo tsa retrofit ke weld preheat (serapa sa 131) le kalafo ea mocheso oa morao-rao (serapa sa 132) . Har'a melemo e meng, liphekolo tsena tsa mocheso li sebelisoa ho imolla khatello ea maikutlo, ho thibela ho phatloha, le ho eketsa matla a weld.Lintho tse amang litlhoko tsa kalafo ea mocheso pele ho weld le ka mor'a-weld li kenyelletsa, empa ha li felle feela ho, lintho tse bonahalang tse latelang: k'hemik'hale ea sehlopha sa k'hemistri le sehlopha sa P. welded.Thepa e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e thathamisitsoeng ho Mandatory Appendix A e na le nomoro ea P. Bakeng sa ho futhumatsa pele, serapa sa 131 se fana ka mocheso o fokolang oo tšepe ea motheo e lokelang ho futhumatsoa ka oona pele ho tjheseletsa ho ka etsahala.Bakeng sa PWHT, Lethathamo la 132 le fana ka mocheso oa mocheso le bolelele ba nako ea ho tšoara sebaka sa weld.Litekanyo tsa ho futhumatsa le ho pholisa, mekhoa ea ho lekanya mocheso, mekhoa e meng ea ho futhumatsa e lokela ho latela mekhoa ea ho futhumatsa mocheso, mekhoa e meng ea ho futhumatsa le mekhoa e meng ea ho futhumatsa. khoutu.Litlamorao tse sa lebelloang tse mpe sebakeng se cheselitsoeng li ka hlaha ka lebaka la ho hloleha ho phekola hantle mocheso.
Sebaka se seng se ka amehang lits'ebetsong tsa liphaephe tse hatelletsoeng ke liphaephe tse kobehang. Liphaephe tse kobehang li ka etsa hore lebota le fokotsehe, 'me ha fella ka botenya bo sa lekaneng ba lebota. litumello bakeng sa mefuta e fapaneng ea ho kobeha radii.Ho kobeha ho ka boela ha hloka phekolo ea mocheso pele ho kobeha le/kapa ka mor'a ho kobeha.Serapa sa 129 se fana ka tataiso mabapi le ho etsoa ha litsoe.
Bakeng sa mekhoa e mengata ea khatello ea liphaephe, hoa hlokahala ho kenya valve ea tšireletso kapa valve ea liphallelo ho thibela khatello e feteletseng tsamaisong.
Ho latela serapa sa II-1.2, li-valve tsa polokeho li khetholloa ka ts'ebetso e bulehileng ka botlalo bakeng sa ts'ebeletso ea khase kapa ea mouoane, ha li-valve tsa ts'ireletso li bulehile mabapi le khatello ea static 'me li sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa ts'ebeletso ea metsi.
Likarolo tsa li-valve tsa tšireletso li khetholloa ke hore na li na le mekhoa ea ho ntša metsi e bulehileng kapa e koetsoe. phala ea ho ntša metsi e lokela ho ba khōlō ka ho lekaneng ho thibela blowback
Mehaho ea li-valve tsa tšireletso e ka 'na ea e-ba tlas'a matla a fapa-fapaneng joalokaha a akarelitsoe serapeng sa II-2. Matla ana a kenyelletsa liphello tsa ho atolosa mocheso, ho sebelisana ha li-valve tse ngata tsa liphallelo ka nako e le' ngoe, liphello tsa seismic le / kapa vibration, le liphello tsa khatello nakong ea liketsahalo tsa khatello ea khatello. litšoaneleho tsa valve ea tšireletso.Litekanyo li fanoe serapeng sa II-2.2 bakeng sa ho khetholla khatello le lebelo ho setsoe sa ho ntša metsi, ho kenya phala ea ho ntša metsi, le ho ntša phaephe ea ho ntša metsi bakeng sa mekhoa e bulehileng le e koetsoeng.
Mohlala oa bothata bakeng sa kopo ea ho ntša metsi e bulehileng e fanoe serapeng sa II-7. Mekhoa e meng e teng bakeng sa ho bala litšobotsi tsa phallo mekhoeng ea ho ntša li-valve tsa liphallelo, 'me' mali o hlokomelisoa ho netefatsa hore mokhoa o sebelisitsoeng o boloka ka mokhoa o lekaneng.Mokhoa o mong o joalo o hlalosoa ke GS Liao ho "Power Plant Safety le Pressure Relief Valve Exhaust Group" ea October 9 Exhaust Group Analysis in the October 9.
Sebaka sa valve ea ts'ireletso se lokela ho boloka sebaka se fokolang sa pipe e otlolohileng ho tloha leha e le efe. Sebaka sena se fokolang se itšetlehile ka tšebeletso le geometry ea tsamaiso joalokaha ho hlalositsoe serapeng sa II-5.2.1.Bakeng sa ho kenya lisebelisoa tse nang le li-valve tse ngata tsa liphallelo, sebaka se khothalletsoang bakeng sa likhokahano tsa lekala la valve se itšetlehile ka radii ea lekala le liphaephe tsa tšebeletso, joalokaha ho bontšitsoe ho Hlokomela (10) (c) ea Lethathamo la D-1.1. li-piping supports tse fumanehang sebakeng sa ho tsoa ha valve ea liphallelo ho ea ho liphaephe tse sebetsang ho e-na le mohaho o haufi le ho fokotsa liphello tsa ho atolosa mocheso le ho sebelisana ha seismic.
Ho hlakile hore ho ke ke ha khoneha ho koahela litlhoko tsohle tsa moralo oa ASME B31 ka har'a sebaka sa sehlooho sena.Empa moenjiniere ofe kapa ofe ea khethiloeng ea amehang moralong oa tsamaiso ea liphaephe tsa khatello o lokela ho tseba bonyane khoutu ena ea moralo.Ka tšepo, ka boitsebiso bo ka holimo, babali ba tla fumana ASME B31 mohloli oa bohlokoa le o fumanehang habonolo.
Monte K. Engelkemier ke moetapele oa projeke ho Stanley Consultants.Engelkemier ke setho sa Iowa Engineering Society, NSPE, le ASME, mme o sebeletsa Komiting ea Khoutu ea Motlakase ea B31.1 le Subcommittee.O na le lilemo tse fetang 12 tsa boiphihlelo ba ho tsamaisa liphaephe, moralo, tlhahlobo ea bracing le tlhahlobo ea khatello ea maikutlo ho Wilkey Engine analysis. Consultants.O na le lilemo tse fetang 6 tsa boiphihlelo ba profeshenale ea ho rala lits'ebetso tsa lipeipi bakeng sa mefuta e fapaneng ea lisebelisoa, bareki ba masepala, ba mekhatlo le indasteri mme ke setho sa ASME le Iowa Engineering Society.
Na o na le boiphihlelo le boitsebelo dihloohong tse akaretswang dikahareng tse?O lokela ho nahana ka ho kenya letsoho ho sehlopha sa rona sa baphatlalatsi ba CFE Media mme o fumane kananelo eo wena le khamphani ya hao le e tshwanelang.Tlanya mona ho qala tshebetso.