Ukugqwala kwangaphakathi kubangele ukuthi i-ADNOC ilahlekelwe yizithibelo emzileni wensimu enkulu kawoyela ogwini. Isifiso sokuqeda le nkinga kanye nesidingo sokuchaza imininingwane kanye nohlelo olunembile lokuphatha ubuqotho esikhathini esizayo kuholele ekusetshenzisweni kobuchwepheshe bokufakwa kwe-polyethylene ephezulu (HDPE) egobile futhi engenaziphazamiso emapayipini ensimbi yekhabhoni. Leli phepha lichaza uhlelo lokuhlola insimu oluphumelele lweminyaka emi-5 futhi liqinisekisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-HDPE linings emapayipini ensimbi yekhabhoni kuyindlela engabizi kakhulu yokunciphisa ukugqwala kwangaphakathi emapayipini kawoyela ngokuhlukanisa amapayipi ensimbi ezitsheni ezigqwalisayo. Lobu buchwepheshe busebenza kahle ekuphatheni ukugqwala ngaphakathi kwamapayipi kawoyela.
Ku-ADNOC, i-Flowlines yenzelwe ukuhlala iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20. Lokhu kubalulekile ekuqhubekeni kwebhizinisi nokunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza. Kodwa-ke, ukugcina le migqa eyenziwe ngensimbi yekhabhoni kuba yinselele ngoba ingaphansi kokugqwala kwangaphakathi okuvela kuketshezi olugqwalisayo, amabhaktheriya, kanye nezimo ezimile ezibangelwa amazinga aphansi okugeleza. Ingozi yokwehluleka kobuqotho iyanda ngokuguga kanye nezinguquko ezimpahleni zoketshezi olugciniwe.
I-ADNOC isebenzisa amapayipi ngokucindezela okungu-30 kuya ku-50 bar, amazinga okushisa afinyelela ku-69°C kanye nokunqamuka kwamanzi okungaphezu kuka-70%, futhi ibhekane nezimo eziningi zokulahlekelwa ukugcinwa ngenxa yokugqwala kwangaphakathi kwamapayipi ezindaweni ezinkulu ezisogwini. Amarekhodi abonisa ukuthi izimpahla ezikhethiwe zodwa zinepayipi lamafutha emvelo angaphezu kuka-91 ​​(amakhilomitha angu-302) kanye namapayipi okuphakamisa igesi angaphezu kuka-45 (amakhilomitha ayi-100) anokugqwala okukhulu kwangaphakathi. Izimo zokusebenza ezazinquma ukusetshenziswa kokunciphisa ukugqwala kwangaphakathi zazihlanganisa i-pH ephansi (4.8–5.2), ukuba khona kwe-CO2 (>3%) kanye ne-H2S (>3%), isilinganiso segesi/kawoyela esingaphezu kuka-481 scf/bbl, izinga lokushisa lomugqa elingaphezu kuka-55°C, ukugeleza Ukucindezela komugqa okungaphezu kuka-525 psi. Okuqukethwe kwamanzi aphezulu (>46%), ijubane eliphansi lokugeleza (ngaphansi kuka-1 m/sec), uketshezi olumile, kanye nokuba khona kwamagciwane okunciphisa i-sulfate nakho kuthinte amasu okunciphisa. Izibalo zokuvuza ezilula zibonisa ukuthi eziningi zalezi zintambo zazinephutha, kanye nokuvuza okungafika ku-14 ngaphezulu. isikhathi seminyaka emi-5. Lokhu kudala inkinga enkulu njengoba kuholela ekuvuzeni nasekuphazamisekeni okuthinta kabi umkhiqizo.
Ukulahlekelwa ukuqina kanye nesidingo sosayizi kanye nohlelo lokuphatha ubuqotho bomugqa wokugeleza kwesikhathi esizayo olunembile kwaholela ekusetshenzisweni kokuhlolwa kwensimu kobuchwepheshe be-HDPE enezikhala kanye ne-flangeless ku-3.0 km ye-Schedule 80 API 5L Gr.B 6 inches. Yenza kube lula ukuqeda le nkinga. Ukuhlolwa kwensimu kwaqala ukusetshenziswa kumapayipi ensimbi yekhabhoni angu-3.527 km ezindaweni ezikhethiwe, kwalandelwa ukuhlolwa okujulile kumapayipi angu-4.0 km.
Isikhungo sikawoyela i-Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) e-Arabian Peninsula sasifake ama-HDPE liners kusukela ngo-2012 kumapayipi kawoyela ongahluziwe kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi. Isikhungo sikawoyela i-GCC esisebenza ngokubambisana neShell besilokhu sisebenzisa ama-HDPE liners ekusetshenzisweni kwamanzi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamafutha iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20, futhi ubuchwepheshe buvuthiwe ngokwanele ukubhekana nokugqwala kwangaphakathi kumapayipi kawoyela.
Iphrojekthi ye-ADNOC yaqalwa kwikota yesibili ka-2011 yafakwa kwikota yesibili ka-2012. Ukuqapha kwaqala ngo-Ephreli 2012 kwaqedwa kwikota yesithathu ka-2017. Ama-spool okuhlola abe esethunyelwa e-Borouge Innovation Center (BIC) ukuze kuhlolwe futhi kuhlaziywe. Imigomo yempumelelo kanye nokwehluleka ebekwe ku-HDPE liner pilot kwakuwukungavuzi lutho ngemva kokufakwa kwe-liner, ukungena kwegesi okuphansi nge-HDPE liner, kanye nokungawi kwe-liner.
Iphepha le-SPE-192862 lichaza amasu afaka isandla empumelelweni yezivivinyo zasensimini. Ukugxila ekuhleleni, ekubekeni amapayipi, nasekuhloleni ukusebenza kwama-liner e-HDPE ukuze kutholakale ulwazi oludingekayo lokuthola amasu okuphatha ubuqotho bokusetshenziswa kwamapayipi e-HDPE ensimini yonke kumapayipi kawoyela. Lobu buchwepheshe busetshenziswa kumapayipi kawoyela kanye nemigqa yokudlulisela. Ngaphezu kwamapayipi kawoyela akhona, ama-liner e-HDPE angewona ansimbi angasetshenziswa kumapayipi kawoyela amasha. Liqokomisa imikhuba emihle yokuqeda ukwehluleka kobuqotho bamapayipi ngenxa yomonakalo ovela ekugqwaleni kwangaphakathi.
Iphepha eligcwele lichaza izindlela zokusebenzisa ama-gasket e-HDPE; ukukhethwa kwezinto ze-gasket, ukulungiselela, kanye nokulandelana kokufakwa; ukuvuza komoya kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic; ukungenisa umoya kanye nokuqapha igesi ye-annular; ukusebenza komugqa; kanye nemiphumela yokuhlolwa eningiliziwe ngemuva kokuhlolwa. Ithebula Lokuhlaziywa Kwezindleko Zomjikelezo Wokuphila Okushelelayo libonisa ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko okulinganiselwe kwensimbi yekhabhoni uma kuqhathaniswa ne-HDPE linings kwezinye izindlela zokunciphisa ukugqwala, okuhlanganisa ukujova ngamakhemikhali kanye nokufaka ingulube, amapayipi angewona awensimbi, kanye nensimbi yekhabhoni engenalutho. Isinqumo sokwenza ukuhlolwa kwesibili kwensimu okuthuthukisiwe ngemuva kokuhlolwa kokuqala sichaziwe futhi. Esivivinyweni sokuqala, ukuxhumeka kwe-flanged kwasetshenziswa ukuxhuma izingxenye ezahlukene zomugqa wokugeleza. Kwaziwa kahle ukuthi ama-flanges athambekele ekuhlulekeni ngenxa yokucindezeleka kwangaphandle. Ukungenisa umoya ngesandla ezindaweni ze-flange akudingi nje ukuqapha njalo, okwandisa izindleko zokusebenza, kodwa futhi kuphumela ekukhishweni kwegesi okungenela emoyeni. Esivivinyweni sesibili, ama-flanges athathelwa indawo izixhumi ezihlanganisiwe, ezingena-flanges ezinesistimu yokugcwalisa okuzenzakalelayo, kanye ne-liner ene-slotted ene-vent ekugcineni kwesiteshi sokukhipha igesi esikude esizophela emseleni ovaliwe.
Isivivinyo seminyaka emihlanu siqinisekisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezintambo ze-HDPE emapayipini ensimbi yekhabhoni kunganciphisa ukugqwala kwangaphakathi emapayipini kawoyela ngokuhlukanisa amapayipi ensimbi eziwuketshezi ezigqwalisayo.
Engeza inani ngokuhlinzeka ngensizakalo yomugqa ongaphazanyiswa, ukuqeda ukubola kwangaphakathi ukuze kususwe ama-depositi namagciwane, ukonga izindleko ngokuqeda isidingo samakhemikhali alwa nokukhula kanye nama-biocides, kanye nokunciphisa umthwalo womsebenzi
Inhloso yokuhlolwa kwakuwukunciphisa ukugqwala kwangaphakathi kwepayipi nokuvimbela ukulahleka komkhawulo oyinhloko.
Ama-liner e-HDPE anezimbobo anamajoyinti angenama-flange ahlanganisiwe asetshenziswa kanye nohlelo lokufaka kabusha i-injection njengentuthuko esekelwe ezifundweni ezifundwe ekusetshenzisweni kokuqala kwama-liner e-HDPE alula anama-clip kuma-terminal a-flange.
Ngokwemigomo yempumelelo nokwehluleka ebekwe ku-pilot, akukho ukuvuza okubikiwe epayipini selokhu kwafakwa. Ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe nokuhlaziywa yi-BIC kubonise ukwehla kwesisindo okungu-3-5% ku-liner esetshenzisiwe, okungabangeli ukuwohloka kwamakhemikhali ngemuva kweminyaka emi-5 yokusetshenziswa. Kutholakale eminye imihuzuko engazange ifinyelele emifantwini. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi kucatshangelwe umehluko ekulahlekelweni kobuningi emiklamo yesikhathi esizayo. Ukuqaliswa kwezithiyo zokugqwala kwangaphakathi kufanele kube yinto ebaluleke kakhulu, lapho izinketho ze-HDPE lining (kufaka phakathi ukuthuthukiswa okuvele kubonwe njengokushintsha ama-flange ngezixhumi nokuqhubeka ne-lining kanye nokusebenzisa i-check valve ku-lining ukuze kunqotshwe ukugeleza kwegesi kwe-lining) kuyisisombululo esithembekile.
Lobu buchwepheshe buqeda usongo lokugqwala kwangaphakathi futhi buhlinzeka ngokonga okukhulu ezindleleni zokusebenza ngesikhathi sezinqubo zokwelapha ngamakhemikhali, njengoba kungekho ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali okudingekayo.
Ukuqinisekiswa kwensimu yobuchwepheshe kube nomthelela omuhle ekuphathweni kobuqotho bomzila wokugeleza kwabaqhubi, okuhlinzeka ngezinketho ezengeziwe zokuphathwa kokugqwala kwangaphakathi komzila wokugeleza okusebenzayo, kunciphisa izindleko eziphelele kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-HSE. Ama-liners e-HDPE angenama-flange anconywa njengendlela entsha yokuphatha ukugqwala ezindaweni ezilungelelaniswayo zensimu kawoyela.
Ubuchwepheshe be-HDPE lining bunconywa ezindaweni ezikhona zikawoyela negesi lapho ukuvuza kwamapayipi kanye nokuphazamiseka kwemigqa yokujova amanzi kuvame khona.
Lolu hlelo lokusebenza luzonciphisa inani lokwehluleka komugqa wokugeleza okubangelwa ukuvuza kwangaphakathi, lwandise impilo yomugqa wokugeleza, futhi lwandise umkhiqizo.
Intuthuko entsha yesayithi ephelele ingasebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe ekuphathweni kokugqwala okuku-inthanethi kanye nokonga izindleko ezinhlelweni zokuqapha.
Lesi sihloko sabhalwa nguMhleli Wezobuchwepheshe we-JPT uJudy Feder futhi siqukethe amaphuzu avelele ephepheni le-SPE 192862, elithi “Imiphumela Yokuhlola Isilingo Sensimu Entsha Yokusetshenziswa Kwe-Flangeless Grooved HDPE Liner Ensimini Enkulu Kakhulu Yokuphathwa Kokugqwala Kwamafutha” ngu-Abby Kalio Amabipi, SPE, Marwan Hamad Salem, Siva Prasada Grandhe noTijender Kumar Gupta be-ADNOC; Mohamed Ali Awadh, Borouge PTE; Nicholas Herbig, Jeff Schell noTed Compton be-United Special Technical Services ngo-2018 2018 e-Abu Dhabi, ngoNovemba 12-15 Lungiselela Umbukiso Nengqungquthela Ye-Abu Dhabi International Petroleum. Leli phepha alikabuyekezwa ngontanga.
I-Journal of Petroleum Technology iyiphephabhuku elihamba phambili le-Society of Petroleum Engineers, enikeza izincazelo ezicacile nezici mayelana nentuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe bokuhlola nokukhiqiza, izindaba zemboni kawoyela negesi, kanye nezindaba mayelana ne-SPE namalungu ayo.