Ingeso mbi y’imbere yatumye ADNOC itakaza ubushobozi bwo kuyicunga mu nzira y’ubutaka bunini bwa peteroli ku nkombe. Icyifuzo cyo gukemura iki kibazo n’ibyifuzo byo gushyiraho uburyo bukwiye bwo gucunga neza gahunda y’igihe kizaza byatumye habaho igerageza ry’ikoranabuhanga rya polyethylene ifite ubucucike bwinshi (HDPE) mu miyoboro y’icyuma cya karuboni. Iyi nyandiko isobanura gahunda y’imyaka 5 yo kugerageza ikirere kandi yemeza ko ikoreshwa rya HDPE mu miyoboro y’icyuma cya karuboni ari uburyo buhendutse bwo kugabanya ingeso mbi y’imbere mu miyoboro y’amavuta binyuze mu gutandukanya imiyoboro y’icyuma n’amazi yangiza. Iri koranabuhanga rirahendutse mu gucunga ingeso mbi mu miyoboro y’amavuta.
Muri ADNOC, Flowlines zagenewe kumara imyaka irenga 20. Ibi ni ingenzi kugira ngo ubucuruzi bukomeze kandi bugabanye ikiguzi cy'imikorere. Ariko, kubungabunga iyi miyoboro ikozwe mu byuma bya karuboni biragorana kuko ihura n'ingese z'imbere zituruka ku mazi yangiza, bagiteri, n'imimerere idahindagurika iterwa n'umuvuduko muke w'amazi. Ingaruka zo kudakora neza ziyongera uko imyaka isaza n'impinduka mu miterere y'amazi yo mu kigega.
ADNOC ikoresha imiyoboro ku gipimo cya dogere 30 kugeza kuri 50, ubushyuhe bugera kuri dogere selisiyusi 69 n'amazi arenga 70%, kandi yahuye n'ibibazo byinshi byo gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kuyirinda bitewe n'ingese imbere mu miyoboro mu mirima minini yo ku nkombe. Inyandiko zigaragaza ko imitungo yatoranijwe yonyine ifite imiyoboro irenga 91 ya peteroli karemano (kilometero 302) n'imiyoboro irenga 45 yo kuzamura gaze (kilometero 100) ifite ingese ikomeye imbere. Imiterere y'imikorere yagennye ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'imiyoboro yo kugabanya ingese imbere harimo pH iri hasi (4.8–5.2), kuba hari CO2 (>3%) na H2S (>3%), igipimo cya gaze/amavuta kirenze 481 scf/bbl, ubushyuhe bw'umurongo burenga 55°C, umuvuduko w'umurongo uri hejuru ya 525 psi. Amazi menshi (>46%), umuvuduko muto w'amazi (munsi ya m/segonda 1), amazi adakora, no kuba hari bagiteri zigabanya sulfate nabyo byagize ingaruka ku ngamba zo kuyirinda. Imibare yoroshya imyanda yerekana ko imirongo myinshi muri iyi yari ifite inenge, aho amazi agera kuri 14 yavuye hejuru. igihe cy'imyaka 5. Ibi biteza ikibazo gikomeye kuko bitera amazi gusohoka no kubura aho bihurira bikagira ingaruka mbi ku musaruro.
Gutakaza ubukana n'ikenerwa ry'ingano ndetse na gahunda nyayo yo gucunga neza imikorere y'imiyoboro y'amazi mu gihe kizaza byatumye habaho igerageza ry'ikoranabuhanga rya HDPE ridafite imigozi n'iry'ingufu muri kilometero 3.0 z'umurongo wa Schedule 80 API 5L Gr.B santimetero 6. Gutunganya imiyoboro kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke. Igeragezwa ry'imiyoboro ryabanje gukoreshwa ku miyoboro ya carbon steel ya kilometero 3.527 ku mitungo yatoranijwe, hakurikiraho igeragezwa rikomeye mu miyoboro ya kilometero 4.0.
Itsinda ry’abacuruza peteroli mu nama y’ubutwererane y’ibiyaga bya Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) mu gace ka Arabiya ryari ryashyizeho imiyoboro ya HDPE kuva mu 2012 ku miyoboro ya peteroli ikoreshwa mu mazi. Itsinda ry’abacuruza peteroli rya GCC rikorana na Shell rimaze imyaka irenga 20 rikoresha imiyoboro ya HDPE mu gukoresha amazi n’amavuta, kandi ikoranabuhanga rirakuze bihagije kugira ngo rikemure ingese imbere mu miyoboro ya peteroli.
Umushinga wa ADNOC watangijwe mu gihembwe cya kabiri cya 2011, ushyirwa mu gihembwe cya kabiri cya 2012. Igenzura ryatangiye muri Mata 2012, rirangira mu gihembwe cya gatatu cya 2017. Hanyuma, ibikoresho byo gupima byoherezwa mu Kigo cy’Ubuhanga cya Borouge (BIC) kugira ngo gisuzumwe kandi gisesengurwe. Ibipimo by’intsinzi n’inanirwa byashyizweho ku igerageza rya HDPE byari ukubura amazi nyuma yo gushyirwaho, kubura umwuka unyura mu isanduku ya HDPE, no kutagira icyuho cyagwa.
Inyandiko ya SPE-192862 ivuga ingamba zigira uruhare mu gutsinda kw'igeragezwa ryo mu murima. Icyibandwaho ni ugutegura, gushyiraho imiyoboro, no gusuzuma imikorere y'imiyoboro ya HDPE kugira ngo haboneke ubumenyi bukenewe mu gushaka ingamba zo gucunga ubuziranenge mu gushyira mu bikorwa imiyoboro ya HDPE mu miyoboro ya peteroli mu murima wose. Iri koranabuhanga rikoreshwa mu miyoboro ya peteroli n'imiyoboro itwara peteroli. Uretse imiyoboro ya peteroli isanzweho, imiyoboro ya HDPE idakoresha icyuma ishobora gukoreshwa ku miyoboro mishya ya peteroli. Igaragaza uburyo bwiza bwo gukuraho ubuziranenge bw'imiyoboro buterwa no kwangirika kw'imbere mu mubiri.
Inyandiko yuzuye isobanura ibipimo ngenderwaho byo gushyira mu bikorwa gasket za HDPE; guhitamo ibikoresho bya gasket, gutegura, no gushyiramo; gupima umwuka uva n'amazi; gupima umwuka uhumeka no gukurikirana gaze; gushyiraho umurongo; n'ibisubizo birambuye by'ibizamini nyuma y'ibizamini. Imbonerahamwe y'Isesengura ry'Ibiciro by'Uruziga rw'Ubuzima igaragaza uburyo icyuma cya karuboni gikoreshwa mu kugabanya ingese, harimo gutera imiti no gukurura, imiyoboro itari iy'icyuma, n'icyuma cya karuboni gikozwe mu buryo bwa karuboni. Icyemezo cyo gukora ikizamini cya kabiri cyongerewe nyuma y'ikizamini cya mbere nacyo kirasobanurwa. Mu ikizamini cya mbere, hakoreshejwe imiyoboro ifatanye kugira ngo hahuzwe ibice bitandukanye by'umurongo w'amazi. Birazwi neza ko flanges zishobora kwangirika bitewe n'umuvuduko wo hanze. Gushyiramo umwuka n'intoki ahantu hahurira gaskets ntibisaba gusa kugenzura buri gihe, byongera amafaranga yo gukoresha, ahubwo binatuma umwuka uva mu kirere usohoka. Mu igerageza rya kabiri, flanges zasimbuwe n'imiyoboro idafite flanges ifite sisitemu yo kongeramo umwuka, n'umuyoboro ufite umuyaga ku mpera y'aho icyuma gikura umwuka cyavuye kure cyarangira mu muyoboro ufunze.
Igerageza ry’imyaka 5 ryemeza ko ikoreshwa rya HDPE mu miyoboro y’icyuma cya karuboni rishobora kugabanya ingese imbere mu miyoboro y’amavuta binyuze mu gukura imiyoboro y’icyuma mu mazi yangiza.
Kongera agaciro utanga serivisi y'imirongo idasibangana, ukuraho ubucucike bw'imbere mu nganda kugira ngo ukureho udukoko n'amabagiteri, uzigama ikiguzi ukuraho gukenera imiti irwanya kwaguka n'ibiyobyabwenge, kandi ugabanya akazi k'ubucucike.
Intego y'ikizamini kwari ukugabanya ingese imbere mu muyoboro no gukumira ibura ry'aho amazi afungiye mbere.
Imiyoboro ya HDPE ifite imigozi ifite ingingo zidafite imigozi ikoreshwa hamwe na sisitemu yo kongera guteramo inshinge nk'inyongera ishingiye ku masomo yavuye mu ishyirwa rya mbere ry'imiyoboro ya HDPE isanzwe ifite uduce duto ku miyoboro ifite imigozi.
Dukurikije ibipimo byashyizweho ku igeragezwa, nta mazi yagaragaye mu miyoboro kuva yashyirwaho. Isuzuma n'isesengura ryakozwe na BIC ryagaragaje ko icyuma cyakoreshejwe cyagabanutseho ibiro 3-5%, bitatera kwangirika kw'ibinyabutabire nyuma y'imyaka 5 gikoreshwa. Hari uduce twagaragaye tutageze mu miyoboro. Kubwibyo, ni byiza gusuzuma itandukaniro mu gutakaza ubucucike mu miterere y'ejo hazaza. Gushyira mu bikorwa inzitizi z'imbere mu miyoboro y'ubushyuhe bigomba kuba ari byo byibandwaho cyane, aho amahitamo ya HDPE (harimo n'ivugurura ryamaze kugaragara nko gusimbuza flanges ukoresheje connectors no gukomeza icyuma no gushyira valve yo kugenzura mu gikoresho kugira ngo harengerwe impumuro ya gaze mu gikoresho) ari igisubizo cyizewe.
Iri koranabuhanga rikuraho ikibazo cyo kwangirika imbere mu mubiri kandi ritanga uburyo bunini bwo kuzigama amafaranga akoreshwa mu gihe cyo gutunganya imiti, kuko nta miti ikoreshwa mu gutunganya imiti ikoreshwa.
Kwemeza ikoranabuhanga mu murima byagize ingaruka nziza ku micungire y’imiyoboro y’amazi mu bakozi, bitanga amahitamo menshi yo gucunga ingese imbere mu muhanda, bigabanya ikiguzi rusange kandi binoza imikorere ya HSE. Imiyoboro ya HDPE idafite ingano irasabwa nk'uburyo bushya bwo gucunga ingese mu miyoboro y’amazi.
Ikoranabuhanga rya HDPE risabwa ku bibanza bya peteroli na gaze bihari aho imiyoboro y'amazi iva kandi imiyoboro y'amazi igahagarara.
Iyi porogaramu izagabanya umubare w'ibibazo by'imiyoboro y'amazi biterwa no kuva kw'amazi imbere mu kirere, yongere igihe cyo kubaho kw'imiyoboro y'amazi, kandi ikongera umusaruro.
Iterambere rishya ryuzuye ry’ahantu rishobora gukoresha iri koranabuhanga mu gucunga ingese no kuzigama ikiguzi cya gahunda zo gukurikirana.
Iyi nkuru yanditswe n'umwanditsi w'ikoranabuhanga wa JPT Judy Feder kandi ikubiyemo ingingo z'ingenzi zavuye mu nyandiko ya SPE yo mu 192862, “Ibyavuye mu igeragezwa ry’igerageza ry’ibikomoka ku bimera bidafite imiterere ya HDPE Liner mu murima ukomeye cyane wo gucunga ingese” yanditswe na Abby Kalio Amabipi, SPE, Marwan Hamad Salem, Siva Prasada Grandhe na Tijender Kumar Gupta bo muri ADNOC; Mohamed Ali Awadh, Borouge PTE; Nicholas Herbig, Jeff Schell na Ted Compton bo muri United Special Technical Services mu 2018 2018 i Abu Dhabi, kuva ku ya 12 kugeza ku ya 15 Ugushyingo. Tegura imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga rya peteroli rya Abu Dhabi n'inama. Iyi nyandiko ntiyasuzumwe n'urungano.
Ikinyamakuru cy’ikoranabuhanga rya peteroli ni ikinyamakuru cy’ingenzi cy’Umuryango w’Abahanga mu by’Ingufu za Peteroli, gitanga ibisobanuro n’ingingo z’ingenzi ku iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga mu bushakashatsi no mu gutunganya, ibijyanye n’inganda za peteroli na gaze, ndetse n’amakuru yerekeye SPE n’abanyamuryango bayo.