Nā te waikura o roto i meinga ai te ADNOC kia pāngia e te ngaronga o te pupuri i roto i te paipa o tētahi mara hinu nui o uta. Ko te hiahia ki te whakakore i tēnei raruraru me te hiahia ki te tautuhi i tētahi whakatakotoranga me tētahi mahere whakahaere pono mō te haere mai kua arahina ki te whakamātautau mara o te hangarau arai polyethylene matotoru-teitei (HDPE) kua haehaetia me te kore-flange i roto i ngā paipa maitai waro. E whakaahua ana tēnei pepa i tētahi kaupapa whakamātautau mara angitu mō ngā tau e 5, ā, e whakaū ana ko te tono o ngā arai HDPE i roto i ngā paipa maitai waro he tikanga whai hua hei whakaiti i te waikura o roto i ngā paipa hinu mā te wehe i ngā paipa whakarewa mai i ngā wai waikura. He whai hua te hangarau ki te whakahaere i te waikura i roto i ngā paipa hinu.
I roto i te ADNOC, kua hangaia ngā Flowlines kia roa ake i te 20 tau. He mea nui tēnei mō te haere tonu o te pakihi me te whakaiti i ngā utu whakahaere. Heoi, he uaua te pupuri i ēnei flowlines i hangaia ki te maitai waro nā te mea ka pāngia rātou e te waikura o roto mai i ngā wai waikura, ngā huakita, me ngā āhuatanga pūmau i puta mai i ngā tere rere iti. Ka piki ake te mōrearea o te korenga o te pono i te pakeketanga me ngā huringa o ngā āhuatanga o te wai puna.
E whakahaerehia ana e ADNOC ngā paipa i ngā pēhanga o te 30 ki te 50 pae, tae atu ki te pāmahana tae atu ki te 69°C me te tapahi wai neke atu i te 70%, ā, he maha ngā take kua pāngia e te ngaronga pupuri nā te waikura o roto i ngā paipa i ngā mara nui o uta. E whakaatu ana ngā tuhinga ko ngā rawa kua tohua anake he neke atu i te 91 ngā paipa hinu taiao (302 kiromita) me te neke atu i te 45 ngā paipa hiki hau (100 kiromita) me te waikura nui o roto. Ko ngā āhuatanga whakahaere i whakahau i te whakatinanatanga o te whakaiti waikura o roto ko te pH iti (4.8–5.2), te aroaro o te CO2 (>3%) me te H2S (>3%), te ōwehenga hau/hinu neke atu i te 481 scf/bbl, te pāmahana raina neke atu i te 55°C, te pēhanga raina rere neke atu i te 525 psi. Ko te nui o te wai (>46%), te tere rere iti (iti iho i te 1 m/hēkona), te wai pūmau, me te aroaro o ngā huakita whakaiti-whanariki i pā ki ngā rautaki whakaiti. Ko te whakahaere i ngā tatauranga turuturu e whakaatu ana he maha o ēnei raina he hapa, tae atu ki te 14 ngā turuturu i roto i te He wā 5-tau. He raruraru nui tēnei nā te mea ka arahi ki ngā turuturu me ngā aukati ka pā kino ki te mahi whakaputa.
Nā te ngaronga o te kikī me te hiahia mō te rahi me te mahere whakahaere pono o ngā raina rere ā muri ake nei, i hua ake ai he whakamātautau mara mō te hangarau arai HDPE kōhao me te kore-flange i roto i te 3.0 km o te Hōtaka 80 API 5L Gr.B 6 inihi. Ngā whakatikatika hei whakakore i tēnei raruraru. I whakamahia tuatahitia ngā whakamātautau mara ki te 3.527 km o ngā paipa maitai waro i ngā rawa kua tohua, ā, i muri mai ka whakamātautau kaha i roto i te 4.0 km o ngā paipa.
I te tau 2012, kua tāutahia e te kamupene hinu nui o te Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) i te Arabian Peninsula ngā arai HDPE mō ngā paipa hinu mata me ngā tono wai. Neke atu i te 20 tau te roa o te whakamahi a te kamupene hinu nui o te GCC me Shell i ngā arai HDPE mō ngā tono wai me te hinu, ā, kua tino pakari te hangarau hei whakatika i te waikura o roto i ngā paipa hinu.
I whakarewaina te kaupapa ADNOC i te hauwhā tuarua o te tau 2011, ā, i tāutahia i te hauwhā tuarua o te tau 2012. I tīmata te aroturuki i te Paenga-whāwhā 2012, ā, i oti i te hauwhā tuatoru o te tau 2017. Kātahi ka tukuna ngā pōro whakamātautau ki te Borouge Innovation Center (BIC) hei aromatawai me te tātari. Ko ngā paearu angitu me te kore angitu i whakatakotoria mō te whakamātautau raina HDPE ko te kore turuturu i muri i te tāutanga raina, te iti o te uruhanga hau i roto i te raina HDPE, me te kore hinga o te raina.
E whakaahua ana te Pepa SPE-192862 i ngā rautaki e whai wāhi ana ki te angitu o ngā whakamātautau mara. Ko te arotahi ko te whakamahere, te whakatakoto i ngā paipa, me te aromatawai i te mahi a ngā raina HDPE kia whiwhi ai i te mōhiotanga e hiahiatia ana hei kimi i ngā rautaki whakahaere pono mō te whakatinanatanga whānui o ngā paipa HDPE i roto i ngā paipa hinu. Ka whakamahia tēnei hangarau i roto i ngā paipa hinu me ngā raina tuku. Haunga ngā paipa hinu o nāianei, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā raina HDPE kore-whakarewa mō ngā paipa hinu hou. E whakaatu ana i ngā mahi pai mō te whakakore i ngā rahunga pono o ngā paipa nā te kino mai i te waikura o roto.
E whakaahua ana te pepa katoa i ngā paearu whakatinanatanga mō ngā gaskets HDPE; te whiriwhiri rauemi gasket, te whakarite, me te raupapa tāutanga; te turuturu hau me te whakamātautau hydrostatic; te whakapūngao me te aroturuki hau porowhita; te whakatūnga raina; me ngā hua whakamātautau taipitopito i muri i te whakamātautau. E whakaatu ana te ripanga Tātari Utu Huringa Ora Streamline i te whai huatanga utu o te maitai waro ki ngā arai HDPE mō ētahi atu tikanga whakaiti waikura, tae atu ki te werohanga matū me te whakapūngao, ngā paipa kore-whakarewa, me te maitai waro tahanga. Ka whakamāramahia hoki te whakatau ki te whakahaere i tētahi whakamātautau mara whakarei tuarua i muri i te whakamātautau tuatahi. I te whakamātautau tuatahi, i whakamahia ngā hononga flanged hei hono i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te raina rere. E mōhiotia whānuitia ana he ngāwari ngā flanges ki te pakaru nā te ahotea o waho. Ko te whakapūngao ā-ringa i ngā wāhi flanges ehara i te mea me aroturuki tonu, e whakanui ana i ngā whakapaunga whakahaere, engari ka puta hoki he tukunga hau uru ki te hau. I te whakamātautau tuarua, i whakakapia ngā flanges ki ngā hononga flanges kua whakarewaina, kāore he flanges me te pūnaha whakakī aunoa, me te arai kōhao me te whakapūngao i te pito o te teihana tango hau mamao ka Mutu i roto i te waikeri kati.
E whakaū ana tētahi whakamātautau e rima tau te roa ka taea e te whakamahinga o ngā arai HDPE i roto i ngā paipa maitai waro te whakaiti i te waikura o roto i ngā paipa hinu mā te wehe i ngā paipa whakarewa mai i ngā wai waikura.
Tāpirihia te uara mā te whakarato ratonga raina kore e mutu, te whakakore i te whakapūtanga o roto hei tango i ngā putunga me ngā huakita, te penapena utu mā te whakakore i te hiahia mō ngā matū ārai-tauine me ngā matū patu-koiora, me te whakaiti i te kawenga mahi.
Ko te whāinga o te whakamātautau he whakaiti i te waikura o roto o te paipa me te ārai i te ngaronga o te aukati tuatahi.
Ka whakamahia ngā arai HDPE kōhao me ngā hononga kore-pātene i whakarewaina me te pūnaha weronga-anō hei whakapainga i runga i ngā akoranga i akohia mai i te whakatinanatanga tuatahi o ngā arai HDPE maamaa me ngā topenga ki ngā pito pātene.
E ai ki ngā paearu angitu me te korenga i whakatakotoria mō te whakamātautau, kāore he turuturu i roto i te paipa mai i te whakaurunga. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā whakamātautau me ngā tātaritanga anō a BIC he whakahekenga taumaha 3-5% i roto i te arai kua whakamahia, kāore e pakaru te matū i muri i te 5 tau o te whakamahinga. I kitea ētahi karawarawa kāore i toro atu ki roto i ngā kapiti. Nō reira, e taunakihia ana kia whakaarohia te rerekētanga o te ngaronga mātotoru i roto i ngā hoahoa ā muri ake nei. Ko te whakatinanatanga o ngā arai waikura ā-roto me waiho hei arotahi matua, ko ngā kōwhiringa arai HDPE (tae atu ki ngā whakapainga kua tautuhia pēnei i te whakakapi i ngā flanges ki ngā hononga me te haere tonu o te arai me te whakamahi i te takirere tirotiro i roto i te arai hei wikitoria i te urunga hau o te arai) he otinga pono.
Ka whakakorea e tēnei hangarau te tūponotanga o te waikura o roto, ā, ka penapena nui i ngā whakapaunga whakahaere i ngā wā maimoatanga matū, nā te mea kāore he maimoatanga matū e hiahiatia ana.
Kua pā pai te manatoko mara o te hangarau ki te whakahaere i te pono o ngā raina rere o ngā kaiwhakahaere, e whakarato ana i ngā kōwhiringa maha atu mō te whakahaere waikura ā-roto o ngā raina rere matatau, te whakaiti i ngā utu whānui me te whakapai ake i te mahi HSE. E taunakihia ana ngā raina HDPE kore-awaawa hei huarahi auaha ki te whakahaere i te waikura i roto i ngā awaawa o te mara hinu.
E taunakihia ana te hangarau arai HDPE mō ngā mara hinu me te hau o nāianei kei reira ngā turuturu paipa me ngā motumotu o ngā raina werohanga wai.
Mā tēnei tono ka whakaiti i te maha o ngā rahunga o ngā raina rere e puta mai ana i ngā turuturu o roto, ka roa ake te ora o ngā raina rere, ā, ka whakapiki ake i te hua.
Ka taea e ngā whanaketanga papa hou te whakamahi i tēnei hangarau hei whakahaere waikura ā-roto me te penapena utu mō ngā kaupapa aroturuki.
Nā Judy Feder, Etita Hangarau o JPT, tēnei tuhinga i tuhi, ā, kei roto ngā kōrero matua o te pepa SPE 192862, "Ngā Hua Whakamātautau Mara Auaha o te Whakamahinga Raina HDPE Kore-Awa i roto i te Mara Nui rawa mō te Whakahaere Waikura ā-roto o te Raina Rere Hinu" nā Abby Kalio Amabipi, SPE, Marwan Hamad Salem, Siva Prasada Grandhe me Tijender Kumar Gupta o ADNOC; Mohamed Ali Awadh, Borouge PTE; Nicholas Herbig, Jeff Schell me Ted Compton o United Special Technical Services mō te 2018 2018 i Abu Dhabi, Whiringa-ā-rangi 12-15. Whakaritea mō te Whakaaturanga me te Huihuinga Hinu o te Ao o Abu Dhabi. Kāore anō tēnei pepa kia arotakehia e ngā hoa.
Ko te Journal of Petroleum Technology te hautaka matua o te Society of Petroleum Engineers, e whakarato ana i ngā whakamārama me ngā kaupapa whai mana mō ngā whanaketanga o te hangarau tūhura me te whakaputa, ngā take o te umanga hinu me te hau, me ngā purongo mō SPE me ōna mema.