Iipayipi zinokwahlulwa zibe ziipayipi zesinyithi kunye neepayipi ezingezizo ezesinyithi. Iipayipi zesinyithi zahlulwe zibe ziintlobo ze-ferrous kunye ne-non-ferrous. Iintsimbi ze-ferrous zenziwe ikakhulu ngentsimbi, ngelixa iintsimbi ezingezizo ezesinyithi zenziwe ngentsimbi. Iipayipi zentsimbi yekhabhoni, iipayipi zentsimbi engatyiwayo, iipayipi ze-chrome molybdenum kunye neepayipi zentsimbi eziphoswe zonke ziipayipi zentsimbi zentsimbi ezinentsimbi njengeyona nto iphambili. Iipayipi ze-nickel kunye ne-nickel alloy, kunye neepayipi zobhedu, ziipayipi ezingezizo ezesinyithi. Iipayipi zeplastiki, iipayipi zekhonkrithi, iipayipi zeplastiki, iipayipi zeglasi, iipayipi zekhonkrithi kunye nezinye iipayipi ezikhethekileyo ezinokusetyenziselwa iinjongo ezikhethekileyo zibizwa ngokuba ziipayipi ezingezizo ezesinyithi. Iipayipi zentsimbi ze-ferrous zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino lwamandla; iipayipi zentsimbi yekhabhoni zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Imigangatho ye-ASTM kunye ne-ASME ilawula iintlobo ngeentlobo zeepayipi kunye nezixhobo zombhobho ezisetyenziswa kushishino lwenkqubo.
Intsimbi yekhabhoni yeyona isetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino, ibangela ngaphezulu kwe-90% yemveliso iyonke yentsimbi. Ngokusekelwe kumxholo wekhabhoni, iintsimbi zekhabhoni zahlulwe zibe ziindidi ezintathu:
Kwiintsimbi ezixutyiweyo, kusetyenziswa iinxalenye ezahlukeneyo zezinto ezixutyiweyo ukufezekisa iipropati ezinqwenelekayo (eziphuculweyo) ezifana nokuxinana, ukuguquguquka, ukuqina, amandla, ukuqina kunye nokumelana nokugqwala, njl. Ezinye zezinto ezixutyiweyo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kunye nemisebenzi yazo zezi zilandelayo:
Intsimbi engagqwali yintsimbi ye-alloy enomxholo we-chromium oyi-10.5% (ubuncinci). Intsimbi engagqwali ibonisa ukumelana nokugqwala okumangalisayo ngenxa yokwenziwa komaleko omncinci kakhulu we-Cr2O3 phezu komphezulu. Olu maleko lukwaziwa ngokuba ngumaleko ongasebenziyo. Ukwandisa ubungakanani be-chromium kuya kuphucula ngakumbi ukumelana nokugqwala kwezinto. Ukongeza kwi-chromium, i-nickel kunye ne-molybdenum zongezwa ukunika iipropati ezifunwayo (okanye eziphuculweyo). Intsimbi engagqwali ikwanazo nezixa ezahlukeneyo zekhabhoni, i-silicon kunye ne-manganese. Intsimbi engagqwali ikwahlulwe ngolu hlobo:
Ukongeza kwiindidi ezingentla, ezinye iintsimbi ezingenasici zezinga eliphezulu (okanye iindidi ezikhethekileyo) ezisetyenziswa kushishino zezi:
Iintsimbi zezixhobo zinomxholo ophezulu wekhabhoni (0.5% ukuya kwi-1.5%). Umxholo ophezulu wekhabhoni unika ubulukhuni namandla aphezulu. Le ntsimbi isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukwenza izixhobo kunye neenkuni. Iintsimbi zezixhobo ziqulathe ubungakanani obahlukeneyo be-tungsten, i-cobalt, i-molybdenum, kunye ne-vanadium ukwandisa ubushushu besinyithi kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka kunye nokuqina. Oku kwenza intsimbi yesixhobo ibe yeyona ifanelekileyo kwizixhobo zokusika nokugrumba.
Ezi pipe zisetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino lweenkqubo. Amagama e-ASTM kunye ne-ASME kwiipipe abonakala ahlukile, kodwa amanqanaba ezinto ayafana. Umz.:
Ukwakheka kwezinto kunye neempawu kwiikhowudi ze-ASME kunye ne-ASTM ziyafana ngaphandle kwegama. Amandla okutsalwa kwe-ASTM A 106 Gr A yi-330 Mpa, i-ASTM A 106 Gr B yi-415 Mpa, kwaye i-ASTM A 106 Gr C yi-485 Mpa. Umbhobho wentsimbi yekhabhoni osetyenziswa kakhulu yi-ASTM A 106 Gr B. Kukho enye indlela endaweni ye-ASTM A 106 Gr A 330 Mpa, i-ASTM A 53 (iHot Dip Galvanized okanye iLine Pipe), ekwangumgangatho osetyenziswa kakhulu kumbhobho wentsimbi yekhabhoni kumbhobho. Umbhobho we-ASTM A 53 ufumaneka kwiindidi ezimbini:
I-ASTM A 53 Pipe yahlulwe yangamaqela amathathu – Uhlobo E (ERW – I-Resistance Welded), Uhlobo F (I-Furnace kunye ne-Butt Welded), Uhlobo S (Ayinamthungo). Kuhlobo E, zombini i-ASTM A 53 Gr A kunye ne-ASTM A 53 Gr B ziyafumaneka. Kuhlobo F, kuphela i-ASTM A 53 Gr A ekhoyo, ngelixa kuhlobo S, i-ASTM A 53 Gr A kunye ne-ASTM A 53 Gr B nazo ziyafumaneka. Amandla okutsalwa kwe-ASTM A 53 Gr A pipe afana ne-ASTM A 106 Gr A kwi-330 Mpa. Amandla okutsalwa kwe-ASTM A 53 Gr B pipe afana ne-ASTM A 106 Gr B kwi-415 Mpa. Oku kuquka imibhobho yentsimbi yekhabhoni esetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino lwenkqubo.
Iipayipi zentsimbi engagqwaliyo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini lokucubungula zibizwa ngokuba ziintsimbi ezingagqwaliyo ze-austenitic. Uphawu olubalulekileyo lwentsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-austenitic kukuba ayinamandla okanye ayinamandla e-paramagnetic. Iinkcukacha ezintathu ezibalulekileyo zeentsimbi ezingagqwaliyo ze-austenitic zezi:
Kukho iigreyidi ezili-18 kule nkcazo, apho i-304 L yeyona isetyenziswa kakhulu. Udidi oludumileyo yi-316 L ngenxa yokumelana kwayo nokugqwala okuphezulu. I-ASTM A 312 (ASME SA 312) kwimibhobho enobubanzi obuziisentimitha ezi-8 okanye ngaphantsi. I-“L” kunye negreyidi ibonisa ukuba inomxholo ophantsi wekhabhoni, nto leyo ephucula ukudityaniswa kwegreyidi yombhobho.
Le nkcazelo isebenza kwiipayipi ezidityanisiweyo ezinobubanzi obukhulu. Iishedyuli zokufaka iipayipi ezigutyungelwe kule nkcazelo yiShedyuli 5S kunye neShedyuli 10.
Ukuwelda kwe-Austenitic Stainless Steels – Ii-steels ze-Austenitic stainless zinokwanda okuphezulu kobushushu kunee-steels ze-ferritic okanye ze-martensitic stainless. Ngenxa ye-coefficient ephezulu yokwanda kobushushu kunye nokuqhuba okuphantsi kobushushu be-steel stainless austenitic, ukuguqulwa okanye ukuqhekeka kunokwenzeka ngexesha lokuwelda. I-steel stainless yase-Austenitic ithambekele ekuqineni nasekuqhekekeni kolwelo. Ke ngoko, kufuneka kuthathwe ingqalelo xa kukhethwa izixhobo zokuzalisa kunye neenkqubo zokuwelda. Ukuwelda kwe-arc engaphantsi komhlaba (i-SAW) akukhuthazwa xa kufuneka ukuwelda kwe-steel stainless ngokupheleleyo okanye i-ferrite content ephantsi. Itheyibhile (Isihlomelo-1) sisikhokelo sokukhetha ucingo okanye i-electrode efanelekileyo yokuzalisa ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezisisiseko (zee-steels stainless austenitic).
Imibhobho yeChromium molybdenum ifanelekile kwiintambo zenkonzo yobushushu obuphezulu kuba amandla okuxinana kwemibhobho yechrome molybdenum ahlala engatshintshi xa kushushu kakhulu. Le tube isetyenziswa kwizityalo zamandla, kwizixhobo zokutshintsha ubushushu, nakwezinye izinto ezifana nayo. Le tube yiASTM A 335 kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo:
Iipayipi zesinyithi eziphosiweyo zisetyenziselwa ukucima umlilo, ukuhambisa amanzi amdaka, amanzi amdaka, imisebenzi enzima (phantsi komsebenzi onzima) - imibhobho engaphantsi komhlaba kunye nezinye iinkonzo. Amanqanaba emibhobho yesinyithi anje:
Iipayipi zentsimbi ezithambileyo zisetyenziswa kwiipayipi ezingaphantsi komhlaba kwiinkonzo zomlilo. Iipayipi ze-Dürr ziqinile ngenxa yokuba zikhona i-silicon. Ezi pipes zisetyenziselwa inkonzo ye-asidi yorhwebo, njengoko umgangatho ubonisa ukumelana ne-asidi yorhwebo, kunye nonyango lwamanzi olukhupha inkunkuma ye-asidi.
UNirmal Surendran Menon wafumana isidanga seBachelor of Mechanical Engineering kwiYunivesithi yaseAnna, eTamil Nadu, eIndiya ngo-2005 kunye neMasters of Science in Project Management kwiYunivesithi yeSizwe yaseSingapore ngo-2010. Ukwishishini leoyile/igesi/ipetrochemical. Okwangoku usebenza njengonjineli kwiprojekthi yokunyibilikisa ulwelo lwe-LNG kumzantsi-ntshona weLouisiana. Njengenxalenye yokuphunyezwa kweprojekthi, izinto anomdla kuzo ziquka ukucocwa kwenkqubo yemibhobho kunye nokuthintela ilahleko kwizibonelelo zokunyibilikisa ulwelo lwe-LNG.
U-Ashish unedigri ye-bachelor kwi-engineering kwaye uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-20 ebandakanyeka kakhulu kwi-engineering, ukuqinisekiswa komgangatho/ulawulo lomgangatho, iziqinisekiso/ukubeka esweni ababoneleli, ukuthengwa, ucwangciso lwezixhobo zokuhlola, ukuwelda, ukwenziwa, ukwakhiwa kunye nokuqeshana ngekontraka.
Imisebenzi yeoyile negesi idla ngokuba kwiindawo ezikude kude nekomkhulu leenkampani. Ngoku, kunokwenzeka ukujonga ukusebenza kwepompo, ukucwangcisa nokuhlalutya idatha yenyikima, kunye nokulandelela abasebenzi kwihlabathi liphela naphi na. Nokuba abasebenzi baseofisini okanye bangekho, i-Intanethi kunye nezicelo ezinxulumene noko zivumela ukuhamba kolwazi oluhamba ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nolawulo kunangaphambili.
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