Twese twubatse ingoro z'umucanga ku mucanga: inkuta zikomeye, iminara minini, imiyoboro yuzuyemo ifi zimeze nk'inyamaswa. Niba umeze nkanjye, uzatangazwa n'ukuntu amazi make ahurira hamwe - nibura kugeza igihe mukuru wawe aje akayatera ibyishimo byinshi.
Rwiyemezamirimo Dan Gelbart anakoresha amazi mu guhuza ibikoresho, nubwo igishushanyo cye kiramba cyane kuruta kureba imikino yo ku mucanga mu mpera z'icyumweru.
Nka perezida akaba n'uwashinze Rapidia Tech Inc., umucuruzi w'ibikoresho byo gucapa by'ibyuma bya 3D i Vancouver, British Columbia, na Libertyville, muri Illinois, Gelbart yateguye uburyo bwo gukora ibice by'ibikoresho bukuraho intambwe zitwara igihe kinini mu ikoranabuhanga rihanganye mu gihe bworoshya cyane gukuraho ibikoresho.
Nanone bituma guhuza ibice byinshi bitagorana kuruta kubyinjiza mu mazi make no kubivanga—ndetse no ku bice byakozwe mu buryo gakondo bwo kubitunganya.
Gelbart avuga ku itandukaniro ry’ibanze riri hagati y’uburyo bwe bushingiye ku mazi n’ubukoresha ifu y’icyuma irimo 20% kugeza 30% by’ishashi na polymer (ukurikije ingano). Imashini za Rapidia zifite imitwe ibiri zikora ifu y’icyuma, amazi n’icyuma gifunga resin mu rugero ruri hagati ya 0.3 na 0.4%.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, yasobanuye ko inzira yo gukuraho isabwa n'ikoranabuhanga rihanganye, akenshi rimara iminsi myinshi, ivanwaho maze igice kigahita cyoherezwa mu itanura rishyuha.
Izindi nzira zikunze kuba mu "inganda zikora injection molding (MIM) zisaba ibice bidafite intersection kugira ngo bibe bifite polymer nyinshi kugira ngo byorohereze isohoka ryabyo," Gelbart yagize ati. "Ariko, ingano ya polymer ikenewe kugira ngo ibice bifatanye mu icapiro rya 3D mu by'ukuri ni nto cyane - kimwe cya cumi cy'ijana kirahagije mu bihe byinshi."
None se kuki unywa amazi? Nkuko bimeze ku rugero rwacu rw’ingoro y’umucanga ikoreshwa mu gukora ifuru (ifuru y’icyuma muri uru rubanza), polimeri ifata ibice uko byumye. Ingaruka ni uko igice gifite imiterere n’ubukana bwa ingwa yo ku muhanda, ikomeye bihagije kugira ngo ihangane no kuyitunganya nyuma yo kuyiteranya, ikanayitunganya buhoro buhoro (nubwo Gelbart agusaba kuyitunganya nyuma yo kuyiteranya), ikanayiteranya n’amazi hamwe n’ibindi bice bitarangiye, hanyuma ikayoherezwa mu ifuru.
Gukuraho gukuraho amavuta bituma ibice binini kandi binini bicapwa kuko iyo ukoresheje ifu y'icyuma irimo polymer, polymer ntishobora "gushya" iyo inkuta z'ibice ari nyinshi cyane.
Gelbart yavuze ko hari uruganda rumwe rukora ibikoresho rwasabaga ubugari bw'inkuta bwa mm 6 cyangwa munsi yazo. “Reka tuvuge ko urimo kubaka igice kingana n'imbeba ya mudasobwa. Muri icyo gihe, imbere hagomba kuba hari ubugari cyangwa se ubwoko runaka bw'umuyoboro. Ibi ni byiza ku bikorwa byinshi, ndetse n'ubworoshye ni yo ntego. Ariko niba imbaraga zifatika zikenewe nk'icyuma gifunga cyangwa ikindi gice gikomeye, noneho [icyuma gitera ifu] cyangwa MIM ntabwo bikwiye.”
Ifoto nshya yacapwe yerekana ibintu by’imbere bigoye imashini ikoresha imashini ya Rapidia ishobora gukora.
Gelbart agaragaza ibindi bintu byinshi bigize icyuma gicapa. Amakarito arimo icyuma ashobora kongera kubyutswa kandi abayakoresha bayasubiza muri Rapidia kugira ngo yongere kubyutswa bazahabwa amanota ku bikoresho byose bitakoreshejwe.
Hari ibikoresho bitandukanye biboneka, birimo icyuma kitagira umugese cya 316 na 17-4PH, INCONEL 625, ceramic na zirconia, ndetse n'umuringa, tungsten carbide n'ibindi bikoresho byinshi biri gukorwa. Ibikoresho bishyigikira - ikintu cy'ibanga mu byuma byinshi bicapye - byagenewe gucapa ibintu bishobora gukurwaho cyangwa "gushonga" n'intoki, bigatuma bifungura umuryango ugana imbere mu buryo butari bwo.
Rapidia imaze imyaka ine ikora kandi, birumvikana ko ari bwo itangiye. Gelbart yagize ati: “Isosiyete iri gufata umwanya wayo wo gukosora ibintu.”
Kugeza ubu, we n'ikipe ye bamaze gushyiraho sisitemu eshanu, harimo imwe muri Selkirk Technology Access Center (STAC) muri British Columbia. Umushakashatsi Jason Taylor yakoresheje iyi mashini kuva mu mpera za Mutarama kandi yabonye ibyiza byinshi ugereranije n'imashini nyinshi za STAC 3D zisanzweho.
Yavuze ko ubushobozi bwo "guteranya n'amazi" ibice by'umwimerere mbere yo gusya bifite ubushobozi bwinshi. Azi kandi ibibazo bifitanye isano no gukuraho amavuta, harimo no gukoresha no guta ibinyabutabire. Nubwo amasezerano yo kudatangaza abuza Taylor gusangira amakuru arambuye ku mirimo ye myinshi aho, umushinga we wa mbere w'igerageza ni ikintu benshi muri twe dushobora gutekerezaho: inkoni icapwa mu buryo bwa 3D.
“Byagenze neza cyane,” aravuga amwenyura. “Twarangije isura, ducukura imyobo yo gushyiramo umwobo, kandi ubu ndimo kuyikoresha. Twashimishijwe n'ubwiza bw'akazi kakozwe kuri sisitemu nshya. Kimwe n'ibice byose byasimbuwe, hari ukugabanuka ndetse no kudahuza neza, ariko imashini irahagije. Buri gihe, dushobora kwishyura ibi bibazo mu gishushanyo.
Raporo y’inyongera yibanda ku ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora inyongeramusaruro mu musaruro nyawo. Abakora muri iki gihe bakoresha icapiro rya 3D mu gukora ibikoresho n’ibikoresho, ndetse bamwe bakoresha AM mu gukora ibikoresho byinshi. Inkuru zabo zizagaragara hano.