Tose takavaka nhare dzejecha pamhenderekedzo yegungwa: masvingo makuru, shongwe dzakanaka, migero yakazara neshaki. Kana wakafanana neni, uchashamisika kuti mvura shoma inonamira zvakanaka sei—kusvika mukoma wako mukuru asvika ndokuirova nemufaro unoparadza.
Muzvinabhizinesi Dan Gelbart anoshandisawo mvura kubatanidza zvinhu, kunyange hazvo dhizaini yake yakasimba kupfuura mutambo wepakupera kwevhiki.
Sapurezidhendi uye muvambi weRapidia Tech Inc., mutengesi wemasisitimu ekudhinda esimbi e3D muVancouver, British Columbia, neLibertyville, Illinois, Gelbart akagadzira nzira yekugadzira zvikamu inobvisa matanho anotora nguva aripo mumatekinoroji anokwikwidzana uku achirerutsa zvakanyanya kubviswa kwerutsigiro.
Zvinoitawo kuti kubatanidza zvikamu zvakawanda kuve nyore kupfuura kungozvinyika mumvura wozvinamira pamwe chete—kunyangwe pazvikamu zvakagadzirwa nenzira dzechinyakare dzekugadzira.
Gelbart anotaura nezvemisiyano mikuru iripo pakati pemasystem ake emvura neaya anoshandisa hupfu hwesimbi hune 20% kusvika 30% wax uye polymer (nehuwandu). Maprinta eRapidia ane misoro miviri yesimbi 3D anogadzira paste kubva kuhupfu hwesimbi, mvura uye resin binder muhuwandu hunobva pa0.3 kusvika 0.4%.
Nekuda kweizvi, akatsanangura, maitiro ekubvisa tambo anodiwa nematekinoroji anokwikwidzana, ayo anowanzo tora mazuva akati wandei, anobviswa uye chikamu chacho chinogona kutumirwa zvakananga kuovheni inopisirwa.
Mamwe maitiro acho anonyanya kuitika muindasitiri ye "injection molding (MIM) yagara iripo kwenguva refu inoda kuti zvikamu zvisina kusanganiswa zvisina kusanganiswa zvive nehuwandu hwakawanda hwepolymer kuti zvive nyore kuburitsa kubva mumold," akadaro Gelbart. "Zvisinei, huwandu hwepolymer hunodiwa kubatanidza zvikamu zvekudhinda kwe3D hudiki chaizvo - chikamu chimwe muzvigumi kubva muzana chakakwana muzviitiko zvakawanda."
Saka sei muchida kunwa mvura? Sezvakaita muenzaniso wedu wejecha resandcastle unoshandiswa kugadzira paste (simbi paste munyaya iyi), polymer inobata zvidimbu pamwe chete pazvinooma. Mugumisiro wacho chikamu chine kusimba uye kuoma kwechoko yekufamba netsoka, chakasimba zvakakwana kuti chigone kutsungirira machining mushure mekuunganidza, machining akapfava (kunyange Gelbart achikurudzira machining mushure mekugadzira sinter), kuungana nemvura nezvimwe zvikamu zvisina kupera, uye kutumirwa kuovheni.
Kubvisa mafuta ekubvisa mafuta kunobvumirawo kuti zvikamu zvakakura, zvine madziro akakora zvidhindwe nekuti kana uchishandisa hupfu hwesimbi hwakazadzwa nepolymer, polymer haigone "kutsva" kana madziro ezvikamu acho akakora zvakanyanya.
Gelbart akati mumwe mugadziri wemidziyo aida ukobvu hwemadziro hwe6mm kana pasi. "Saka ngatitii uri kuvaka chikamu chakaenzana negonzo rekombuta. Kana zvakadaro, mukati mayo munofanira kunge musina chinhu kana kuti muine mesh. Izvi zvakanaka kune akawanda mashandisirwo, kunyangwe kureruka ndicho chinangwa. Asi kana simba remuviri richidikanwa sebhoti kana chimwe chikamu chakasimba, saka [simbi inopinza hupfu] kana MIM hazviwanzo kukodzera."
Mufananidzo wemhando yepamusoro uchangobva kudhindwa unoratidza zvinhu zvakaoma zvinogona kugadzirwa neRapidia printer.
Gelbart anotaura zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda zviri muprinta. Makatiriji ane simbi inonamirwa anogona kuzadzwazve uye vashandisi vanoadzosera kuRapidia kuti azadzwezve vachawana mapoinzi echinhu chisina kushandiswa.
Zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zviripo, zvinosanganisira 316 ne17-4PH simbi isingatsvi, INCONEL 625, ceramic ne zirconia, pamwe ne copper, tungsten carbide nezvimwe zvinhu zviri kugadzirwa. Zvinhu zvekutsigira - chinhu chakavanzika mumaprinta akawanda esimbi - zvakagadzirirwa kudhinda substrates dzinogona kubviswa kana "kupwanyika" nemaoko, zvichivhura musuwo wemukati usingadzokororwe.
Rapidia yave nemakore mana ichishanda uye, zvinobvumwa, ichangotanga. "Kambani iri kutora nguva yayo kugadzirisa zvinhu," akadaro Gelbart.
Kusvika pari zvino, iye nechikwata chake vakaisa masisitimu mashanu, kusanganisira imwe kuSelkirk Technology Access Center (STAC) muBritish Columbia. Muongorori Jason Taylor anga achishandisa muchina uyu kubva pakupera kwaNdira uye akaona mabhenefiti akawanda pamusoro pemaprinta akawanda eSTAC 3D aripo.
Akataura kuti kugona "kunamira pamwe chete nemvura" zvikamu zvisina kugadzirwa usati wapisa zvine mukana mukuru. Ane ruzivo rwakawanda nezvenyaya dzine chekuita nekubvisa mafuta, kusanganisira kushandiswa uye kuraswa kwemakemikari. Kunyange hazvo zvibvumirano zvekusaburitsa pachena zvichitadzisa Taylor kugovana ruzivo rwebasa rake rakawanda ipapo, chirongwa chake chekutanga chekuedza chinhu icho vazhinji vedu tingafunga nezvacho: kamuti kakadhindwa ke3D.
“Zvakafamba zvakanaka,” akadaro achinyemwerera. “Tapedza kumeso, takaboora maburi emubato, uye ndiri kuushandisa izvozvi. Tafadzwa nebasa rakaitwa nehurongwa hutsva. Sezvakaita zvikamu zvese zvakapwanywa, pane kuderera uye kutokanganisa kurongeka, asi muchina wacho wakakwana. Nguva dzose, tinogona kugadzirisa matambudziko aya mukugadzira.
Mushumo weAdditive unotarisa pakushandiswa kwetekinoroji dzekugadzira zvinhu zvekuwedzera mukugadzira chaiko. Vagadziri nhasi vari kushandisa kudhinda kwe3D kugadzira maturusi nezvishandiso, uye vamwe vari kutoshandisa AM kugadzira zvinhu zvakawanda. Nyaya dzavo dzicharatidzwa pano.