Tonse tamanga nyumba zachifumu zamchenga pagombe: makoma amphamvu, nsanja zazikulu, ngalande zodzaza ndi asodzi. Ngati muli ngati ine, mudzadabwa momwe madzi ochepa amagwirirana bwino—mpaka mchimwene wanu wamkulu awonekere ndikukankhira m'chisangalalo chowononga.
Dan Gelbart, katswiri wazamalonda, amagwiritsanso ntchito madzi kuti agwirizanitse zipangizo, ngakhale kuti kapangidwe kake ndi kolimba kwambiri kuposa malo owonetsera zinthu pagombe kumapeto kwa sabata.
Monga purezidenti komanso woyambitsa Rapidia Tech Inc., kampani yopereka makina osindikizira achitsulo a 3D ku Vancouver, British Columbia, ndi Libertyville, Illinois, Gelbart wapanga njira yopangira zinthu zomwe zimachotsa njira zotengera nthawi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito muukadaulo wopikisana pomwe zikuchepetsa kwambiri kuchotsedwa kwa chithandizo.
Zimathandizanso kuti kuphatikiza zigawo zingapo kusakhale kovuta kuposa kungoziviika m'madzi pang'ono ndikuziphatikiza pamodzi—ngakhale pazigawo zopangidwa ndi njira zachikhalidwe zopangira.
Gelbart akukambirana kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa makina ake opangidwa ndi madzi ndi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ufa wachitsulo wokhala ndi sera ndi polima kuyambira 20% mpaka 30% (ndi voliyumu). Makina osindikizira a Rapidia double-headed metal 3D amapanga phala kuchokera ku ufa wachitsulo, madzi ndi resin binder mu kuchuluka kuyambira 0.3 mpaka 0.4%.
Chifukwa cha izi, anafotokoza kuti njira yochotsera zomangira zomwe zimafunika ndi ukadaulo wopikisana, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatenga masiku angapo, zimachotsedwa ndipo gawolo likhoza kutumizidwa molunjika ku uvuni woyatsira moto.
Njira zina zambiri zili mu "makampani opanga ma injection molding (MIM) omwe akhala akugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali omwe amafuna kuti zigawo zosagwiritsidwa ntchito zosagwiritsidwa ntchito zikhale ndi kuchuluka kwa polima kuti zitheke kutulutsidwa mu nkhungu," adatero Gelbart. "Komabe, kuchuluka kwa polima komwe kumafunikira kuti zigwirizane ndi zigawo zosindikizira za 3D kwenikweni ndi kochepa kwambiri—gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi ndi limodzi ndi lokwanira nthawi zambiri."
Nanga bwanji kumwa madzi? Monga momwe zinalili ndi chitsanzo chathu cha mchenga chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga phala (phala lachitsulo pankhaniyi), polima imagwira zidutswazo pamodzi zikauma. Zotsatira zake zimakhala zofanana ndi kulimba kwa choko cha pamsewu, cholimba mokwanira kupirira kupangira pambuyo pomanga, kupangira pang'ono (ngakhale Gelbart amalimbikitsa kupangira pambuyo pomanga), kusonkhanitsa ndi madzi ndi zinthu zina zosamalizidwa, ndikutumizidwa ku uvuni.
Kuchotsa mafuta ochotsera mafuta kumathandizanso kuti zigawo zazikulu komanso zokhuthala zisindikizidwe chifukwa pogwiritsa ntchito ufa wachitsulo wodzazidwa ndi polima, polimayo sangatenthe ngati makoma a zigawozo ndi okhuthala kwambiri.
Gelbart anati wopanga zida wina amafuna makulidwe a khoma a 6mm kapena kuchepera. "Tiyerekeze kuti mukumanga gawo lofanana ndi mbewa ya pakompyuta. Zikatero, mkati mwake mungafunike kukhala ndi dzenje kapena mtundu wina wa ukonde. Izi ndi zabwino kwambiri pa ntchito zambiri, ngakhale kupepuka ndiye cholinga. Koma ngati mphamvu zakuthupi zimafunika monga bolt kapena gawo lina lamphamvu kwambiri, ndiye kuti [jekeseni wa ufa wachitsulo] kapena MIM nthawi zambiri sizoyenera."
Chithunzi chosindikizidwa chatsopano chikuwonetsa zinthu zovuta mkati zomwe chosindikizira cha Rapidia chingapange.
Gelbart akunena zinthu zina zingapo zomwe makina osindikizira amagwiritsa ntchito. Makatiriji okhala ndi chitsulo amatha kuwonjezeredwa ndipo ogwiritsa ntchito omwe amawabwezera ku Rapidia kuti adzazidwenso adzalandira mfundo pazinthu zilizonse zomwe sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zilipo, kuphatikizapo chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 316 ndi 17-4PH, INCONEL 625, ceramic ndi zirconia, komanso mkuwa, tungsten carbide ndi zipangizo zina zingapo zomwe zikupangidwa. Zipangizo zothandizira - chosakaniza chachinsinsi mu makina ambiri osindikizira zitsulo - zimapangidwa kuti zisindikize zinthu zomwe zingachotsedwe kapena "kutenthedwa" ndi manja, kutsegula chitseko cha mkati mwa zinthu zomwe sizingabwerezedwenso.
Rapidia yakhala ikugwira ntchito kwa zaka zinayi ndipo, ndithudi, ikuyamba kumene. "Kampaniyo ikutenga nthawi yake kukonza zinthu," adatero Gelbart.
Mpaka pano, iye ndi gulu lake agwiritsa ntchito makina asanu, kuphatikizapo imodzi ku Selkirk Technology Access Center (STAC) ku British Columbia. Wofufuza Jason Taylor wakhala akugwiritsa ntchito makinawa kuyambira kumapeto kwa Januwale ndipo waona zabwino zambiri poyerekeza ndi makina osindikizira angapo a STAC 3D omwe alipo.
Iye anati kuthekera "kophatikiza pamodzi ndi madzi" ziwalo zosaphika musanazisungunule kuli ndi kuthekera kwakukulu. Amadziwanso bwino nkhani zokhudzana ndi kuchotsa mafuta, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kutaya mankhwala. Ngakhale kuti mapangano osaulula zinthu amalepheretsa Taylor kugawana zambiri za ntchito yake yambiri kumeneko, pulojekiti yake yoyamba yoyesera ndi chinthu chomwe ambiri a ife tingaganize: ndodo yosindikizidwa ya 3D.
“Zinakhala bwino kwambiri,” anatero akumwetulira. “Tamaliza kuyika nkhope, tinaboola mabowo a shaft, ndipo ndikugwiritsa ntchito tsopano. Tachita chidwi ndi ubwino wa ntchito yomwe yachitika ndi makina atsopanowa. Monga momwe zilili ndi ziwalo zonse zosweka, pali kuchepa pang'ono komanso kusakhazikika bwino, koma makinawo ndi okwanira. Nthawi zonse, titha kuthana ndi mavuto awa pakupanga.
Lipoti Lowonjezera likuyang'ana kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wopanga zowonjezera popanga zenizeni. Opanga masiku ano akugwiritsa ntchito kusindikiza kwa 3D popanga zida ndi zida zina, ndipo ena akugwiritsa ntchito ngakhale AM ​​popanga zinthu zambiri. Nkhani zawo zidzawonetsedwa pano.