Ƙarfafa masana'anta, wanda kuma aka sani da bugu na 3D, ya ci gaba da haɓaka kusan shekaru 35 tun lokacin da ake amfani da shi na kasuwanci.Aerospace, mota, tsaro, makamashi, sufuri, likitanci, hakori, da mabukaci masana'antu amfani da ƙari masana'anta ga fadi da kewayon aikace-aikace.
Tare da irin wannan karɓuwa da yawa, a bayyane yake cewa masana'anta ƙari ba mafita ce mai-girma ɗaya ba.Dangane da ma'aunin kalmomi na ISO/ASTM 52900, kusan dukkanin tsarin masana'antar haɓaka kasuwanci sun faɗi cikin ɗayan nau'ikan tsari guda bakwai.Waɗannan sun haɗa da extrusion abu (MEX), wanka photopolymerization (VPP), foda gado fusion (PBF), binder spraying (BJT), kayan spraying (MJT), directed makamashi ajiya (DED), da takardar lamination (SHL).Anan an jera su ta hanyar shahara dangane da tallace-tallacen naúrar.
Ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masana'antu, gami da injiniyoyi da manajoji, suna koyo lokacin da masana'anta na iya taimakawa haɓaka samfur ko tsari kuma lokacin da ba zai iya ba.A tarihi, manyan tsare-tsare don aiwatar da masana'antar ƙari sun fito ne daga injiniyoyin da suka ƙware da fasaha.Gudanarwa yana ganin ƙarin misalan yadda masana'anta na ƙari zasu iya haɓaka yawan aiki, rage lokutan jagora da ƙirƙirar sabbin damar kasuwanci.AM ba zai maye gurbin yawancin nau'ikan masana'anta na gargajiya ba, amma zai zama wani ɓangare na arsenal na ɗan kasuwa na haɓaka samfura da damar masana'antu.
Ƙarfafa masana'anta yana da aikace-aikace masu yawa, daga microfluidics zuwa babban gini.Amfanin AM ya bambanta ta masana'antu, aikace-aikace, da aikin da ake buƙata.Dole ne ƙungiyoyi su sami dalilai masu kyau don aiwatar da AM, ba tare da la'akari da yanayin amfani ba.Mafi na kowa shine ƙirar ra'ayi, tabbatar da ƙira, da dacewa da tabbatar da aiki.Kamfanoni da yawa suna amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar kayan aiki da aikace-aikace don samarwa da yawa, gami da haɓaka samfuran al'ada.
Don aikace-aikacen sararin samaniya, nauyi shine babban abu.Ana kashe kusan dala 10,000 don sanya nauyin nauyin kilogiram 0.45 a cikin kewayar duniya, a cewar Cibiyar Kula da Jiragen Sama ta NASA ta NASA.Rage nauyin tauraron dan adam zai iya adana farashin harbawa.Hoton da aka haɗe yana nuna ɓangaren ƙarfe na Swissto12 AM wanda ya haɗa jagororin raƙuman ruwa da yawa zuwa sashi ɗaya.Tare da AM, an rage nauyin zuwa ƙasa da 0.08 kg.
Ana amfani da masana'anta ƙari a ko'ina cikin sarkar darajar a cikin masana'antar makamashi.Ga wasu kamfanoni, shari'ar kasuwanci don amfani da AM shine a hanzarta sake maimaita ayyukan don ƙirƙirar mafi kyawun samfurin da zai yiwu a cikin mafi ƙarancin lokaci.A cikin masana'antar man fetur da iskar gas, ɓarna ko manyan taro na iya kashe dubban daloli ko fiye a cikin asarar aiki a cikin awa ɗaya.Yin amfani da AM don dawo da ayyuka na iya zama mai ban sha'awa musamman.
Babban masana'anta na tsarin DED MX3D ya fito da kayan aikin gyaran bututu samfurin samfur.Bututun da ya lalace na iya tsada tsakanin Yuro 100,000 zuwa Yuro 1,000,000 ($113,157-$1,131,570) a rana, a cewar kamfanin.Madaidaicin da aka nuna akan shafi na gaba yana amfani da sashin CNC azaman firam kuma yana amfani da DED don walda kewayen bututu.AM yana ba da ƙimar ajiya mai girma tare da ƙarancin sharar gida, yayin da CNC ke ba da daidaitattun da ake buƙata.
A cikin 2021, an shigar da bugu na ruwa na 3D akan injin mai na TotalEnergies a cikin Tekun Arewa.Jaket ɗin ruwa wani abu ne mai mahimmanci da ake amfani da shi don sarrafa farfaɗowar hydrocarbon a cikin rijiyoyin da ake ginawa.A wannan yanayin, fa'idodin yin amfani da masana'antar ƙari yana rage lokutan gubar da rage fitar da kashi 45% idan aka kwatanta da jabun riguna na ruwa na gargajiya.
Wani shari'ar kasuwanci don masana'anta ƙari shine rage kayan aiki mai tsada.Iyakar waya ta ƙirƙira adaftan digiscoping don na'urorin da ke haɗa kyamarar wayarka zuwa na'urar hangen nesa ko na'urar hangen nesa.Ana fitar da sabbin wayoyi kowace shekara, suna buƙatar kamfanoni su saki sabon layin adaftar.Ta amfani da AM, kamfani na iya adana kuɗi akan kayan aiki masu tsada waɗanda ke buƙatar maye gurbin lokacin da aka fitar da sabbin wayoyi.
Kamar yadda yake tare da kowane tsari ko fasaha, bai kamata a yi amfani da masana'anta ba kamar yadda ake ɗaukar sa sabo ko daban.Wannan don haɓaka haɓakar samfuri da/ko hanyoyin masana'antu.Ya kamata ya ƙara ƙima.Misalai na sauran shari'o'in kasuwanci sun haɗa da samfuran al'ada da gyare-gyaren taro, hadaddun ayyuka, haɗaɗɗen sassa, ƙarancin abu da nauyi, da ingantaccen aiki.
Domin AM ta fahimci yuwuwar haɓakar sa, ana buƙatar magance ƙalubale.Don yawancin aikace-aikacen masana'antu, dole ne tsarin ya zama abin dogaro kuma ana iya sakewa.Hanyoyin da za su biyo baya na sarrafa atomatik cire kayan sassa da tallafi da kuma aiwatarwa zasu taimaka.Automation kuma yana ƙara yawan aiki kuma yana rage farashin kowane sashi.
Ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman sha'awa shine sarrafa kayan aiki bayan-aiki kamar cire foda da ƙarewa.Ta hanyar sarrafa tsarin samar da aikace-aikace masu yawa, ana iya maimaita wannan fasaha sau dubbai.Matsalar ita ce takamaiman hanyoyin sarrafa kansa na iya bambanta ta nau'in sashi, girman, abu, da tsari.Misali, bayan sarrafa rawanin hakori mai sarrafa kansa ya sha bamban da sarrafa sassan injin roka, kodayake duka biyun ana iya yin su da karfe.
Saboda an inganta sassa don AM, ana ƙara ƙarin fasali da tashoshi na ciki sau da yawa.Don PBF, babban burin shine cire 100% na foda.Solukon yana kera tsarin cire foda ta atomatik.Kamfanin ya samar da wata fasaha mai suna Smart Powder Recovery (SRP) mai juyawa da girgiza sassan karfen da har yanzu ke makale da farantin ginin.Juyawa da rawar jiki ana sarrafa su ta tsarin CAD na ɓangaren.Ta wurin motsi daidai da girgiza sassan, foda da aka kama tana gudana kusan kamar ruwa.Wannan aiki da kai yana rage aikin hannu kuma zai iya inganta aminci da sake haifar da cire foda.
Matsaloli da iyakancewar cirewar foda na hannu na iya iyakance yiwuwar amfani da AM don samar da taro, ko da a cikin ƙananan yawa.Tsarin cire foda na Solukon na iya aiki a cikin yanayi mara kyau kuma yana tattara foda mara amfani don sake amfani da injin AM.Solukon ya gudanar da binciken abokin ciniki kuma ya buga wani bincike a cikin Disamba 2021 yana nuna cewa manyan abubuwan da ke damun su sune lafiyar sana'a da haɓaka haifuwa.
Cire foda da hannu daga tsarin resin PBF na iya ɗaukar lokaci.Kamfanoni irin su DyeMansion da PostProcess Technologies suna gina tsarin sarrafawa don cire foda ta atomatik.Yawancin sassan masana'anta masu ƙari za a iya ɗora su a cikin tsarin da ke jujjuya shi kuma yana fitar da matsakaici don cire wuce haddi foda.HP yana da tsarin kansa wanda aka ce yana cire foda daga ginin ginin Jet Fusion 5200 a cikin mintuna 20.Tsarin yana adana foda mara narkewa a cikin wani akwati dabam don sake amfani ko sake yin amfani da shi don wasu aikace-aikace.
Kamfanoni za su iya amfana daga keɓancewa ta atomatik idan ana iya amfani da shi zuwa yawancin matakan aiwatarwa.DyeMansion yana ba da tsarin don cire foda, shirye-shiryen saman da zane.Tsarin PowerFuse S yana loda sassan, yana tururi sassa masu santsi kuma yana sauke su.Kamfanin yana samar da kwandon bakin karfe don sassa masu rataye, wanda aka yi da hannu.Tsarin PowerFuse S na iya samar da fili mai kama da nau'in allura.
Babban ƙalubalen da ke fuskantar masana'antar shine fahimtar ainihin damar da sarrafa kansa ke bayarwa.Idan ana buƙatar sassan polymer miliyan ɗaya, simintin gyare-gyare na al'ada ko gyare-gyare na iya zama mafita mafi kyau, kodayake wannan ya dogara da ɓangaren.AM sau da yawa yana samuwa don samarwa na farko a cikin samar da kayan aiki da gwaji.Ta hanyar sarrafawa ta atomatik, ana iya samar da dubban sassa da dogaro da sake yin amfani da AM, amma yana da takamaiman sashi kuma yana iya buƙatar mafita ta al'ada.
AM ba shi da alaƙa da masana'antu.Ƙungiyoyi da yawa suna gabatar da bincike mai ban sha'awa da sakamakon ci gaba wanda zai iya haifar da kyakkyawan aiki na samfurori da ayyuka.A cikin masana'antar sararin samaniya, Space Relativity Space yana samar da ɗayan mafi girman tsarin masana'anta na ƙarfe ta amfani da fasahar DED ta mallaka, wanda kamfanin ke fatan za a yi amfani da shi don kera yawancin rokoki.Rokarsa ta Terran 1 na iya isar da kaya mai nauyin kilogiram 1,250 zuwa ƙananan kewayar duniya.Dangantaka na shirin harba roka na gwaji a tsakiyar 2022 kuma tuni ya fara shirin wani roka mai girma, mai sake amfani da shi mai suna Terran R.
Dangantakar Space's Terran 1 da roka R wata sabuwar hanya ce don sake tunanin yadda jirgin sama zai yi kama.Zane da ingantawa don masana'anta ƙari sun haifar da sha'awar wannan ci gaban.Kamfanin ya yi iƙirarin cewa wannan hanya ta rage adadin sassan da sau 100 idan aka kwatanta da rokoki na gargajiya.Kamfanin ya kuma yi ikirarin cewa zai iya kera rokoki daga albarkatun kasa cikin kwanaki 60.Wannan babban misali ne na haɗa sassa da yawa zuwa ɗaya kuma yana sauƙaƙa sarkar samar da kayayyaki sosai.
A cikin masana'antar haƙori, ana amfani da masana'anta masu ƙari don yin rawanin, gadoji, samfuran hakowa na tiyata, haƙoran haƙora na ɓangare da masu daidaitawa.Daidaita Fasaha da SmileDirectClub suna amfani da bugu na 3D don samar da sassa don daidaita madaidaicin filastik.Align Technology, ƙera samfuran Invisalign, yana amfani da yawancin tsarin sarrafa hoto a cikin 3D Systems baho.A cikin 2021, kamfanin ya ce ya kula da marasa lafiya sama da miliyan 10 tun lokacin da ya sami amincewar FDA a cikin 1998. Idan jiyya ta yau da kullun ta ƙunshi aligners 10, wanda shine ƙarancin ƙima, kamfanin ya samar da sassan AM miliyan 100 ko fiye.Sassan FRP suna da wahalar sake yin fa'ida saboda suna da thermoset.SmileDirectClub yana amfani da tsarin HP Multi Jet Fusion (MJF) don samar da sassan thermoplastic waɗanda za a iya sake yin fa'ida don wasu aikace-aikace.
A tarihi, VPP ba ta iya samar da bakin ciki, sassa na zahiri tare da kaddarorin ƙarfi don amfani azaman kayan aikin orthodontic.A cikin 2021, LuxCreo da Graphy sun fitar da yuwuwar mafita.Tun daga watan Fabrairu, Graphy yana da izinin FDA don buga 3D kai tsaye na kayan aikin hakori.Idan ka buga su kai tsaye, ana ɗaukar tsari na ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshe ya fi guntu, sauƙi, kuma mai yuwuwar ƙarancin tsada.
Wani ci gaba na farko wanda ya karbi kulawar watsa labaru mai yawa shine amfani da 3D bugu don aikace-aikacen gine-gine masu girma kamar gidaje.Sau da yawa ana buga bangon gidan ta hanyar extrusion.Dukkanin sauran sassan gidan an yi su ne ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyin gargajiya da kayan aiki, ciki har da benaye, rufi, rufi, matakala, kofofi, tagogi, na'urori, katifa da tebura.3D bugu ganuwar iya ƙara kudin shigar da wutar lantarki, lighting, famfo, ductwork, da vents don dumama da kwandishan.Ƙaddamar da ciki da waje na bangon kankare ya fi wuya fiye da tsarin bango na gargajiya.Zamanantar da gida mai bangon bangon 3D shima muhimmin abin la'akari ne.
Masu bincike a dakin gwaje-gwaje na kasa na Oak Ridge suna nazarin yadda ake adana makamashi a cikin bangon bugu na 3D.Ta hanyar shigar da bututu a bango yayin ginin, ruwa zai iya gudana ta cikinsa don dumama da sanyaya. Wannan aikin R&D yana da ban sha'awa kuma mai ban sha'awa, amma har yanzu yana cikin matakin farko na ci gaba. Wannan aikin R&D yana da ban sha'awa kuma mai ban sha'awa, amma har yanzu yana cikin matakin farko na ci gaba.Wannan aikin bincike yana da ban sha'awa kuma mai ban sha'awa, amma har yanzu yana cikin matakan farko na ci gaba.Wannan aikin bincike yana da ban sha'awa kuma mai ban sha'awa, amma har yanzu a farkon matakan ci gaba.
Yawancin mu har yanzu ba mu saba da tattalin arziƙin sassan ginin bugu na 3D ko wasu manyan abubuwa ba.An yi amfani da fasahar don samar da wasu gadoji, rumfa, wuraren shakatawa, da abubuwan ado na gine-gine da muhallin waje.An yi imanin cewa fa'idodin masana'antar ƙari a ƙananan ma'auni (daga ƴan santimita zuwa mita da yawa) ya shafi babban bugu na 3D.Babban fa'idodin yin amfani da masana'anta ƙari sun haɗa da ƙirƙirar sifofi da fasali masu rikitarwa, rage adadin sassa, rage kayan aiki da nauyi, da haɓaka yawan aiki.Idan AM bai ƙara ƙima ba, yakamata a yi tambaya game da amfanin sa.
A cikin Oktoba 2021, Stratasys ya sami ragowar kashi 55% na Xaar 3D, wani reshe na masana'antar inkjet na Burtaniya Xaar.Fasahar Stratasys' polymer PBF, mai suna Selective Absorbion Fusion, ta dogara ne akan mabubbugar tawada ta Xaar.Injin Stratasys H350 yana gasa da tsarin HP MJF.
Siyan Ƙarfe na Desktop yana da ban sha'awa.A cikin Fabrairu 2021, kamfanin ya sami Envisiontec, wanda ya daɗe yana kera tsarin ƙirar masana'antu.A cikin Mayu 2021, kamfanin ya sami Adaptive3D, mai haɓaka polymers VPP masu sassauƙa.A cikin Yuli 2021, Desktop Metal ya sami Aerosint, mai haɓaka hanyoyin gyaran foda da yawa.Mafi girman saye ya zo a watan Agusta lokacin da Desktop Metal ya sayi mai fafatawa ExOne akan dala miliyan 575.
Samun ExOne ta Desktop Metal ya haɗu da shahararrun masana'antun ƙarfe na tsarin BJT guda biyu.Gabaɗaya, fasahar ba ta kai matakin da mutane da yawa suka yi imani da shi ba.Kamfanoni suna ci gaba da magance batutuwa kamar maimaitawa, amintacce, da fahimtar tushen tushen matsalolin yayin da suke tasowa.Duk da haka, idan an magance matsalolin, har yanzu akwai sauran damar da fasahar ta kai ga manyan kasuwanni.A cikin Yuli 2021, 3DEO, mai ba da sabis na amfani da tsarin bugu na 3D, ya ce ya aika da miliyan ɗaya ga abokan ciniki.
Masu haɓaka software da dandamali na girgije sun ga babban ci gaba a cikin masana'antar masana'anta.Wannan gaskiya ne musamman ga tsarin sarrafa ayyuka (MES) waɗanda ke bin sarkar ƙimar AM.3D Systems sun amince su sayi Oqton a watan Satumba na 2021 akan dala miliyan 180.An kafa shi a cikin 2017, Oqton yana ba da mafita na tushen girgije don haɓaka aikin aiki da haɓaka haɓakar AM.Materialize ya sami Link3D a watan Nuwamba 2021 akan dala miliyan 33.5.Kamar Oqton, dandamalin girgije na Link3D yana bin aikin kuma yana sauƙaƙa aikin AM.
Ofaya daga cikin sabbin abubuwan siye a cikin 2021 shine siyan ASTM International na Wohlers Associates.Tare suna aiki don yin amfani da alamar Wohlers don tallafawa mafi girman karɓar AM a duk duniya.Ta hanyar Cibiyar Kwarewa ta ASTM AM, Wohlers Associates za ta ci gaba da samar da rahotanni na Wohlers da sauran wallafe-wallafe, da kuma samar da sabis na shawarwari, nazarin kasuwa da horo.
Masana'antun masana'antu masu ƙari sun girma kuma masana'antu da yawa suna amfani da fasaha don aikace-aikace da yawa.Amma 3D bugu ba zai maye gurbin yawancin sauran nau'ikan masana'anta ba.Madadin haka, ana amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar sabbin nau'ikan samfura da samfuran kasuwanci.Ƙungiyoyi suna amfani da AM don rage nauyin sassa, rage lokutan gubar da farashin kayan aiki, da inganta keɓancewar samfur da aiki.Ana sa ran masana'antar masana'anta ta ƙara za ta ci gaba da yanayin haɓakar sa tare da sabbin kamfanoni, samfura, ayyuka, aikace-aikace da maganganun amfani da ke fitowa, sau da yawa cikin sauri.