Kev tsim khoom ntxiv, tseem hu ua 3D luam ntawv, tau txuas ntxiv mus rau ze li ntawm 35 xyoo txij li nws siv coj mus muag.Aerospace, automotive, tiv thaiv, lub zog, kev thauj mus los, kev kho mob, kho hniav, thiab cov neeg siv khoom lag luam siv cov khoom siv ntxiv rau ntau yam kev siv.
Nrog rau kev saws me nyuam thoob plaws, nws yog qhov tseeb tias kev tsim khoom ntxiv tsis yog ib qho loj-haum-tag nrho cov kev daws teeb meem.Raws li ISO / ASTM 52900 terminology tus qauv, yuav luag tag nrho cov lag luam additive manufacturing systems poob rau hauv ib qho ntawm xya txheej txheem.Cov no suav nrog cov khoom siv extrusion (MEX), da dej photopolymerization (VPP), hmoov txaj fusion (PBF), binder spraying (BJT), cov khoom txau (MJT), qhia lub zog deposition (DED), thiab ntawv lamination (SHL).Ntawm no lawv tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm kev muaj koob meej raws li chav tsev muag khoom.
Ntau tus kws tshaj lij kev lag luam, suav nrog engineers thiab cov thawj coj, tab tom kawm thaum kev tsim khoom ntxiv tuaj yeem pab txhim kho cov khoom lossis cov txheej txheem thiab thaum nws ua tsis tau.Keeb kwm, cov tswv yim tseem ceeb los siv kev tsim khoom ntxiv tau los ntawm cov kws ua haujlwm paub txog kev siv tshuab.Kev tswj xyuas pom ntau cov piv txwv ntawm yuav ua li cas ntxiv kev tsim khoom tuaj yeem txhim kho cov khoom tsim tau, txo cov sij hawm ua cov hmoov txhuas thiab tsim kev lag luam tshiab.AM yuav tsis hloov feem ntau cov qauv ntawm kev tsim khoom, tab sis yuav dhau los ua ib feem ntawm tus neeg ua lag luam arsenal ntawm cov khoom tsim thiab kev tsim muaj peev xwm.
Additive manufacturing muaj ntau yam kev siv, los ntawm microfluidics mus rau loj-scale siv.Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm AM sib txawv los ntawm kev lag luam, kev siv, thiab kev ua haujlwm xav tau.Cov koom haum yuav tsum muaj cov laj thawj zoo rau kev siv AM, tsis hais txog kev siv li cas.Feem ntau yog cov qauv kev xav, kev txheeb xyuas kev tsim, thiab kev tsim nyog thiab kev ua haujlwm pov thawj.Ntau thiab ntau lub tuam txhab siv nws los tsim cov cuab yeej thiab cov ntawv thov rau kev tsim khoom loj, suav nrog kev tsim cov khoom lag luam.
Rau kev siv aerospace, qhov hnyav yog qhov tseem ceeb.Nws raug nqi txog $ 10,000 los muab 0.45kg payload rau hauv lub ntiaj teb orbit, raws li NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center.Txo qhov hnyav ntawm satellites tuaj yeem txuag tau ntawm cov nqi xa tawm.Daim duab txuas qhia tau hais tias Swissto12 hlau AM ib feem uas sib txuas ob peb waveguides rau hauv ib feem.Nrog AM, qhov hnyav tau txo qis dua 0.08 kg.
Additive manufacturing yog siv thoob plaws hauv cov nqi saw hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob.Rau qee lub tuam txhab, rooj plaub kev lag luam rau kev siv AM yog kom nrawm dua cov haujlwm los tsim cov khoom lag luam zoo tshaj plaws hauv lub sijhawm luv tshaj plaws.Hauv kev lag luam roj thiab roj, cov khoom puas lossis cov khoom sib dhos tuaj yeem raug nqi ntau txhiab daus las lossis ntau dua hauv cov khoom lag luam poob ib teev.Siv AM los kho cov haujlwm ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ua kom txaus nyiam.
Ib lub chaw tsim khoom loj ntawm DED systems MX3D tau tso tawm cov qauv kev kho cov yeeb nkab.Lub raj xa dej puas tuaj yeem raug nqi ntawm € 100,000 thiab € 1,000,000 ($ 113,157- $ 1,131,570) ib hnub, raws li lub tuam txhab.Lub fixture uas qhia nyob rau nplooj ntawv tom ntej no siv ib feem ntawm CNC raws li ib tug ncej thiab siv DED rau weld lub ncig ntawm cov yeeb nkab.AM muab cov nqi tso nyiaj siab nrog cov pov tseg tsawg, thaum CNC muab qhov xav tau qhov tseeb.
Nyob rau xyoo 2021, 3D luam dej casing tau teeb tsa rau ntawm TotalEnergies roj rig hauv hiav txwv North.Cov tsho dej yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas siv los tswj cov hydrocarbon rov qab hauv qhov dej hauv kev tsim kho.Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv ntxiv yog txo cov sij hawm txhuas thiab txo qis emissions los ntawm 45% piv rau cov tsoos forged dej tsho.
Lwm qhov teeb meem kev lag luam rau kev tsim khoom ntxiv yog txo cov cuab yeej kim.Xov tooj Scope tau tsim digiscoping adapters rau cov khoom siv uas txuas koj lub xov tooj lub koob yees duab rau lub tsom iav raj lossis lub tshuab tsom.Cov xov tooj tshiab tau tso tawm txhua xyoo, xav kom cov tuam txhab tso tawm ib txoj kab tshiab ntawm adapters.Los ntawm kev siv AM, lub tuam txhab tuaj yeem txuag nyiaj ntawm cov cuab yeej kim uas yuav tsum tau hloov pauv thaum lub xov tooj tshiab tawm.
Raws li nrog rau cov txheej txheem lossis thev naus laus zis, kev tsim khoom ntxiv yuav tsum tsis txhob siv vim nws suav tias yog qhov tshiab lossis txawv.Qhov no yog txhawm rau txhim kho cov khoom tsim thiab / lossis cov txheej txheem tsim khoom.Nws yuav tsum ntxiv tus nqi.Piv txwv ntawm lwm yam kev lag luam muaj xws li cov khoom lag luam kev cai thiab kev tsim khoom loj, kev ua haujlwm nyuaj, kev sib xyaw ua ke, cov khoom siv tsawg thiab qhov hnyav, thiab kev ua haujlwm tau zoo.
Rau AM kom paub txog nws txoj kev loj hlob muaj peev xwm, cov teeb meem yuav tsum tau daws.Rau feem ntau cov ntawv thov kev tsim khoom, cov txheej txheem yuav tsum txhim khu kev qha thiab rov tsim dua.Cov txheej txheem tom ntej ntawm automating tshem tawm cov khoom ntawm qhov chaw thiab kev txhawb nqa thiab kev ua haujlwm tom qab yuav pab tau.Automation kuj nce cov khoom tsim tau thiab txo tus nqi ib feem.
Ib qho ntawm cov kev txaus siab tshaj plaws yog tom qab ua tiav automation xws li cov hmoov tshem tawm thiab ua tiav.Los ntawm automating txheej txheem ntawm loj ntau lawm ntawm daim ntaub ntawv, tib lub tshuab tuaj yeem rov ua dua ntau txhiab zaus.Qhov teeb meem yog tias cov txheej txheem automation tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm hom, qhov loj me, cov khoom siv, thiab cov txheej txheem.Piv txwv li, tom qab ua tiav ntawm automated dental crowns txawv heev los ntawm kev ua cov foob pob hluav taws cav qhov chaw, txawm hais tias ob qho tib si tuaj yeem ua los ntawm hlau.
Vim tias qhov chaw tau ua kom zoo rau AM, cov yam ntxwv siab dua thiab cov channel sab hauv feem ntau ntxiv.Rau PBF, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog tshem tawm 100% ntawm cov hmoov.Solukon manufactures tsis siv neeg hmoov tshem tawm tshuab.Lub tuam txhab tau tsim ib lub tshuab hu ua Smart Powder Recovery (SRP) uas tig thiab vibrates hlau qhov chaw uas tseem txuas nrog lub phaj tsim.Kev sib hloov thiab kev vibration yog tswj los ntawm CAD qauv ntawm ib feem.Los ntawm kev txav mus los thiab tuav cov ntu, cov hmoov ntes tau ntws yuav luag zoo li cov kua.Qhov no automation yuav txo tau cov neeg ua hauj lwm phau ntawv thiab tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ntseeg tau thiab rov ua dua ntawm cov hmoov tshem tawm.
Cov teeb meem thiab kev txwv ntawm kev siv cov hmoov tshem tawm tuaj yeem txwv tsis pub siv AM rau ntau lawm, txawm tias me me.Solukon hlau hmoov tshem tawm tshuab tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv qhov chaw tsis muaj zog thiab khaws cov hmoov tsis siv rau rov siv dua hauv AM tshuab.Solukon tau tshawb fawb cov neeg siv khoom thiab luam tawm ib txoj kev tshawb fawb thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2021 uas qhia tias ob qhov kev txhawj xeeb loj tshaj plaws yog kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev tsim tawm.
Kev tshem tawm ntawm cov hmoov los ntawm PBF resin qauv tuaj yeem siv sijhawm ntev.Cov tuam txhab xws li DyeMansion thiab PostProcess Technologies tab tom tsim cov txheej txheem tom qab ua tiav kom tshem tawm cov hmoov.Ntau qhov chaw tsim khoom ntxiv tuaj yeem thauj mus rau hauv qhov system uas thim rov qab thiab tshem tawm qhov nruab nrab kom tshem tawm cov hmoov ntau dhau.HP muaj nws tus kheej qhov system uas tau hais kom tshem tawm cov hmoov los ntawm Jet Fusion 5200′s tsim chamber hauv 20 feeb.Lub kaw lus khaws cov hmoov uas tsis tau yaj nyob rau hauv ib lub thawv cais rau rov siv dua lossis rov ua dua rau lwm yam kev siv.
Cov tuam txhab tuaj yeem tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm automation yog tias nws tuaj yeem siv rau feem ntau ntawm cov txheej txheem tom qab ua tiav.DyeMansion muaj cov txheej txheem rau kev tshem tawm cov hmoov, kev npaj nto thiab pleev xim.Lub PowerFuse S system thauj cov khoom, ua kom cov khoom du thiab tshem tawm lawv.Lub tuam txhab muab stainless hlau khib rau dai qhov chaw, uas yog ua los ntawm tes.PowerFuse S system tuaj yeem tsim qhov chaw zoo ib yam li kev txhaj tshuaj pwm.
Qhov kev sib tw loj tshaj plaws rau kev lag luam yog nkag siab txog cov sijhawm tiag tiag uas automation tau muab.Yog tias ib lab cov khoom siv polymer yuav tsum tau ua, cov txheej txheem casting los yog molding tej zaum yuav yog qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws, txawm tias qhov no nyob ntawm qhov.AM feem ntau muaj rau thawj cov khoom siv hauv kev tsim khoom thiab kev sim.Los ntawm automated post-processing, phav phav qhov chaw tuaj yeem tsim kev ntseeg siab thiab rov tsim dua siv AM, tab sis nws yog ib feem tshwj xeeb thiab yuav xav tau kev daws teeb meem.
AM tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam nrog kev lag luam.Ntau lub koom haum nthuav qhia nthuav kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig uas tuaj yeem ua rau kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov khoom thiab cov kev pabcuam.Hauv kev lag luam aerospace, Relativity Space tsim ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv hlau loj tshaj plaws uas siv cov cuab yeej siv DED, uas lub tuam txhab cia siab tias yuav siv los tsim cov foob pob hluav taws feem ntau.Nws Terran 1 foob pob hluav taws tuaj yeem xa 1,250 kg payload rau lub ntiaj teb qis.Relativity npaj yuav tshaj tawm lub foob pob hluav taws hauv nruab nrab xyoo 2022 thiab twb tau npaj lub foob pob hluav taws loj dua, rov siv tau lub npe hu ua Terran R.
Relativity Space's Terran 1 thiab R foob pob hluav taws yog ib txoj hauv kev tshiab los rov xav txog yav tom ntej spaceflight yuav zoo li cas.Tsim thiab optimization rau additive manufacturing sparked txaus siab nyob rau hauv no txoj kev loj hlob.Lub tuam txhab thov tias txoj kev no txo ​​cov naj npawb ntawm cov khoom los ntawm 100 npaug piv rau cov foob pob hluav taws ib txwm muaj.Lub tuam txhab tseem hais tias nws tuaj yeem tsim cov foob pob hluav taws los ntawm cov khoom siv raw hauv 60 hnub.Qhov no yog ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm kev sib txuas ntau qhov chaw rau hauv ib qho thiab ua kom yooj yim rau cov saw hlau.
Hauv kev lag luam kho hniav, kev tsim khoom siv ntxiv yog siv los ua cov yas, txuas hniav, cov qauv kev phais, cov hniav ib nrab thiab cov aligners.Align Technology thiab SmileDirectClub siv 3D luam ntawv los tsim cov khoom rau thermoforming ntshiab yas aligners.Align Technology, chaw tsim khoom ntawm Invisalign cov khoom lag luam, siv ntau lub tshuab photopolymerization hauv 3D Systems da dej.Xyoo 2021, lub tuam txhab tau hais tias nws tau kho ntau dua 10 lab tus neeg mob txij li nws tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm FDA xyoo 1998. Yog tias tus neeg mob raug kho nrog 10 aligners, uas yog qhov kwv yees qis, lub tuam txhab tau tsim 100 lab lossis ntau dua AM qhov chaw.FRP cov khoom yog qhov nyuaj rau rov ua dua vim tias lawv yog cov thermoset.SmileDirectClub siv HP Multi Jet Fusion (MJF) system los tsim cov khoom siv thermoplastic uas tuaj yeem siv rau lwm yam kev siv.
Keeb kwm, VPP tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom nyias, pob tshab nrog cov khoom muaj zog rau kev siv cov khoom siv orthodontic.Xyoo 2021, LuxCreo thiab Graphy tau tso tawm qhov kev daws teeb meem.Raws li lub Ob Hlis, Graphy tau pom zoo los ntawm FDA rau 3D luam ntawv ncaj qha ntawm cov khoom siv kho hniav.Yog tias koj luam tawm lawv ncaj qha, qhov kawg-rau-kawg txheej txheem suav hais tias luv dua, yooj yim dua, thiab muaj peev xwm raug nqi tsawg.
Ib qho kev txhim kho thaum ntxov uas tau txais kev tshaj tawm xov xwm ntau yog kev siv 3D luam ntawv rau kev siv loj loj xws li vaj tsev.Feem ntau cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev yog luam tawm los ntawm extrusion.Tag nrho lwm qhov ntawm lub tsev tau tsim los siv cov kev cai thiab cov khoom siv, nrog rau cov plag tsev, qab nthab, ru tsev, ntaiv, qhov rooj, qhov rais, cov khoom siv, txee thiab txee.3D luam ntawv phab ntsa tuaj yeem nce tus nqi ntawm kev txhim kho hluav taws xob, teeb pom kev zoo, kav dej, ductwork, thiab qhov cua rau cua sov thiab cua txias.Kev ua kom tiav rau sab hauv thiab sab nrauv ntawm lub pob zeb ua vaj tse yog qhov nyuaj dua nrog kev tsim cov phab ntsa ib txwm muaj.Modernizing lub tsev nrog 3D luam phab ntsa kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb xav txog.
Cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm Oak Ridge National Laboratory tab tom kawm yuav ua li cas khaws lub zog hauv 3D luam phab ntsa.Los ntawm kev ntxig cov kav dej rau hauv phab ntsa thaum tsim kho, dej tuaj yeem ntws los ntawm nws rau cua sov thiab cua txias. Qhov project R & D no nthuav thiab tshiab, tab sis nws tseem nyob rau theem pib ntawm kev txhim kho. Qhov project R & D no nthuav thiab tshiab, tab sis nws tseem nyob rau theem pib ntawm kev txhim kho.Qhov kev tshawb fawb txog qhov project no yog qhov nthuav thiab tshiab, tab sis nws tseem nyob rau theem pib ntawm kev loj hlob.Qhov kev tshawb fawb txog qhov project no nthuav thiab tshiab, tab sis tseem nyob rau theem pib ntawm kev loj hlob.
Peb feem ntau tseem tsis tau paub txog kev lag luam ntawm 3D luam ntawv lub tsev qhov chaw lossis lwm yam khoom loj.Cov thev naus laus zis tau siv los tsim qee qhov txuas hniav, awnings, chaw ua si, thiab cov khoom zoo nkauj rau cov tsev thiab ib puag ncig sab nraum zoov.Nws ntseeg tau tias qhov zoo ntawm kev tsim khoom ntxiv ntawm cov nplai me me (los ntawm ob peb centimeters mus rau ob peb metres) siv rau 3D luam ntawv loj.Cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv ntxiv muaj xws li tsim cov duab thiab cov yam ntxwv, txo tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom, txo cov khoom thiab qhov hnyav, thiab ua kom cov khoom tsim tau.Yog tias AM tsis ntxiv tus nqi, nws cov txiaj ntsig yuav tsum raug nug.
Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 2021, Stratasys tau txais 55% cov koom tes ntxiv hauv Xaar 3D, ib lub koom haum ntawm British industrial inkjet printer Chaw tsim tshuaj paus Xaar.Stratasys 'polymer PBF thev naus laus zis, hu ua Selective Absorbion Fusion, yog raws li Xaar inkjet printheads.Lub tshuab Stratasys H350 sib tw nrog HP MJF system.
Kev yuav Desktop Hlau yog qhov ua tau zoo.Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 2021, lub tuam txhab tau txais Envisiontec, lub chaw tsim khoom ntev ntev ntawm kev tsim cov khoom siv ntxiv.Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 2021, lub tuam txhab tau txais Adaptive3D, tus tsim tawm ntawm VPP hloov tau yooj yim polymers.Thaum Lub Xya Hli 2021, Desktop Hlau tau txais Aerosint, tus tsim tawm ntawm ntau cov khoom siv hmoov txheej txheej txheej txheej txheem.Qhov kev yuav khoom loj tshaj plaws tuaj rau lub Yim Hli thaum Desktop Hlau yuav tus neeg sib tw ExOne rau $ 575 lab.
Kev nrhiav tau ntawm ExOne los ntawm Desktop Hlau coj ua ke ob lub npe nrov ntawm cov tuam txhab hlau BJT.Feem ntau, thev naus laus zis tseem tsis tau mus txog qib uas ntau tus ntseeg.Cov tuam txhab txuas ntxiv hais txog cov teeb meem xws li rov ua dua, kev ntseeg siab, thiab nkag siab txog lub hauv paus ntawm cov teeb meem thaum lawv tshwm sim.Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias cov teeb meem raug daws, tseem muaj chaw rau kev siv tshuab kom ncav cuag cov lag luam loj.Thaum Lub Xya Hli 2021, 3DEO, tus muab kev pabcuam uas siv lub tshuab luam ntawv 3D uas muaj npe, tau hais tias nws tau xa ib lab rau cov neeg siv khoom.
Software thiab huab platform developers tau pom kev loj hlob tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub additive manufacturing kev lag luam.Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb rau kev tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm (MES) uas taug qab AM tus nqi saw.3D Systems pom zoo kom tau Oqton thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 2021 rau $ 180 lab.Founded hauv 2017, Oqton muab huab-raws li kev daws teeb meem los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm thiab txhim kho AM efficiency.Materialize tau txais Link3D thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2021 rau $ 33.5 lab.Zoo li Oqton, Link3D's huab platform taug qab ua haujlwm thiab ua kom yooj yim rau AM workflow.
Ib qhov kev yuav khoom tshiab tshaj plaws hauv 2021 yog ASTM International qhov tau txais ntawm Wohlers Associates.Ua ke lawv tab tom ua haujlwm los txhawb lub hom Wohlers los txhawb kev siv dav dav ntawm AM thoob ntiaj teb.Los ntawm ASTM AM Center of Excellence, Wohlers Associates yuav txuas ntxiv tsim cov ntaub ntawv Wohlers thiab lwm yam kev tshaj tawm, nrog rau muab kev pab tswv yim, kev tshuaj xyuas kev lag luam thiab kev cob qhia.
Kev lag luam additive manufacturing tau matured thiab ntau industries siv cov cuab yeej siv rau ntau yam kev siv.Tab sis 3D luam ntawv yuav tsis hloov ntau hom kev tsim khoom.Hloov chaw, nws yog siv los tsim cov khoom tshiab thiab cov qauv ua lag luam.Cov koom haum siv AM los txo qhov hnyav ntawm qhov chaw, txo cov sij hawm ua cov hmoov txhuas thiab cov nqi cuab yeej, thiab txhim kho cov khoom tus kheej thiab kev ua haujlwm.Kev lag luam additive raug cia siab tias yuav txuas ntxiv nws txoj kev loj hlob nrog cov tuam txhab tshiab, cov khoom lag luam, kev pabcuam, kev siv thiab kev siv cov teeb meem tshwm sim, feem ntau ntawm kev nrawm nrawm.