Kev tsim khoom ntxiv, tseem hu ua 3D printing, tau txuas ntxiv hloov zuj zus rau yuav luag 35 xyoo txij li thaum nws siv rau kev lag luam. Cov lag luam aerospace, automotive, kev tiv thaiv, lub zog, kev thauj mus los, kev kho mob, kev kho hniav, thiab cov neeg siv khoom siv kev tsim khoom ntxiv rau ntau yam kev siv.
Nrog kev siv dav dav li no, nws pom tseeb tias kev tsim khoom ntxiv tsis yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem uas haum rau txhua tus. Raws li tus qauv ISO/ASTM 52900, yuav luag txhua lub tshuab tsim khoom ntxiv lag luam poob rau hauv ib qho ntawm xya pawg txheej txheem. Cov no suav nrog cov khoom siv extrusion (MEX), da dej photopolymerization (VPP), hmoov txaj fusion (PBF), binder spraying (BJT), khoom siv spraying (MJT), directed energy deposition (DED), thiab sheet lamination (SHL). Ntawm no lawv raug cais los ntawm kev nyiam raws li kev muag khoom ib chav.
Muaj cov kws tshaj lij hauv kev lag luam uas nce zuj zus, suav nrog cov engineers thiab cov thawj coj, tab tom kawm thaum twg kev tsim khoom ntxiv tuaj yeem pab txhim kho cov khoom lossis cov txheej txheem thiab thaum twg nws ua tsis tau. Keeb kwm, cov kev pib tseem ceeb los siv kev tsim khoom ntxiv tau los ntawm cov engineers uas muaj kev paub txog thev naus laus zis. Cov thawj coj pom ntau cov piv txwv ntawm kev tsim khoom ntxiv tuaj yeem txhim kho kev tsim khoom, txo lub sijhawm ua haujlwm thiab tsim cov cib fim tshiab rau kev lag luam. AM yuav tsis hloov feem ntau cov qauv kev tsim khoom ib txwm muaj, tab sis yuav dhau los ua ib feem ntawm cov tswv lag luam lub peev xwm ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab kev tsim khoom.
Kev tsim khoom ntxiv muaj ntau yam kev siv, txij li microfluidics mus rau kev tsim kho loj. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm AM sib txawv ntawm kev lag luam, daim ntawv thov, thiab kev ua tau zoo uas xav tau. Cov koom haum yuav tsum muaj cov laj thawj zoo rau kev siv AM, tsis hais txog qhov kev siv. Feem ntau yog kev ua qauv tsim, kev txheeb xyuas tsim, thiab kev txheeb xyuas qhov haum thiab kev ua haujlwm. Ntau thiab ntau lub tuam txhab siv nws los tsim cov cuab yeej thiab cov ntawv thov rau kev tsim khoom loj, suav nrog kev tsim khoom lag luam.
Rau cov ntawv thov aerospace, qhov hnyav yog qhov tseem ceeb. Nws raug nqi li $ 10,000 los muab 0.45kg payload rau hauv lub ntiaj teb orbit, raws li NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center. Kev txo qhov hnyav ntawm cov satellites tuaj yeem txuag tau cov nqi tso tawm. Daim duab txuas nrog qhia txog Swissto12 hlau AM ib feem uas muab ntau lub waveguides ua ke rau hauv ib feem. Nrog AM, qhov hnyav raug txo kom tsawg dua 0.08 kg.
Kev tsim khoom ntxiv yog siv thoob plaws hauv cov saw hlau muaj nqis hauv kev lag luam zog. Rau qee lub tuam txhab, cov ntaub ntawv lag luam rau kev siv AM yog kom rov ua dua cov haujlwm sai sai los tsim cov khoom zoo tshaj plaws hauv lub sijhawm luv tshaj plaws. Hauv kev lag luam roj thiab roj av, cov khoom puas tsuaj lossis cov khoom sib dhos tuaj yeem raug nqi ntau txhiab daus las lossis ntau dua hauv kev poob khoom ib teev. Kev siv AM los kho cov haujlwm tuaj yeem yog qhov txaus nyiam tshwj xeeb.
Ib lub tuam txhab tsim khoom loj ntawm DED systems MX3D tau tso tawm cov cuab yeej kho cov kav dej qauv. Cov kav dej puas tsuaj tuaj yeem raug nqi ntawm € 100,000 thiab € 1,000,000 ($ 113,157- $ 1,131,570) ib hnub, raws li lub tuam txhab. Lub cuab yeej uas pom ntawm nplooj ntawv tom ntej siv CNC ua lub thav duab thiab siv DED los vuam qhov ncig ntawm cov kav dej. AM muab cov nqi tso tawm siab nrog cov khib nyiab tsawg kawg nkaus, thaum CNC muab qhov tseeb xav tau.
Xyoo 2021, ib lub thawv dej luam tawm 3D tau raug teeb tsa rau ntawm lub chaw khawb roj TotalEnergies hauv Hiav Txwv Qaum Teb. Cov tsho dej yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas siv los tswj kev rov qab tau cov hydrocarbon hauv cov qhov dej uas tab tom tsim. Hauv qhov no, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv ntxiv yog txo lub sijhawm ua haujlwm thiab txo cov pa phem los ntawm 45% piv rau cov tsho dej forged ib txwm muaj.
Lwm qhov teeb meem ua lag luam rau kev tsim khoom ntxiv yog kev txo cov cuab yeej kim. Phone Scope tau tsim cov khoom siv digiscoping rau cov khoom siv uas txuas koj lub xov tooj lub koob yees duab rau lub tsom iav lossis lub tshuab tsom iav. Cov xov tooj tshiab raug tso tawm txhua xyoo, uas yuav tsum tau cov tuam txhab tso tawm cov kab tshiab ntawm cov khoom siv hloov kho. Los ntawm kev siv AM, lub tuam txhab tuaj yeem txuag nyiaj ntawm cov cuab yeej kim uas yuav tsum tau hloov thaum cov xov tooj tshiab raug tso tawm.
Ib yam li lwm yam txheej txheem lossis thev naus laus zis, kev tsim khoom ntxiv yuav tsum tsis txhob siv vim nws suav tias yog tshiab lossis txawv. Qhov no yog los txhim kho kev tsim khoom thiab / lossis cov txheej txheem tsim khoom. Nws yuav tsum ntxiv tus nqi. Piv txwv ntawm lwm cov rooj plaub ua lag luam suav nrog cov khoom lag luam tshwj xeeb thiab kev hloov kho ntau, kev ua haujlwm nyuaj, cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke, cov khoom siv tsawg dua thiab qhov hnyav, thiab kev ua tau zoo dua.
Rau AM kom paub txog nws lub peev xwm loj hlob, yuav tsum tau daws cov teeb meem. Rau feem ntau ntawm cov ntawv thov kev tsim khoom, cov txheej txheem yuav tsum txhim khu kev qha thiab rov ua dua. Cov txheej txheem tom ntej ntawm kev siv tshuab tshem tawm cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom thiab cov kev txhawb nqa thiab kev ua tiav tom qab yuav pab. Kev siv tshuab kuj ua rau muaj kev tsim khoom ntau ntxiv thiab txo tus nqi ib feem.
Ib qho ntawm cov cheeb tsam uas muaj kev txaus siab tshaj plaws yog kev ua haujlwm tom qab ua tiav xws li kev tshem tawm hmoov thiab kev ua tiav. Los ntawm kev ua kom cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov ntawv thov ntau ntau, tib lub thev naus laus zis tuaj yeem rov ua dua ntau txhiab zaus. Qhov teeb meem yog tias cov txheej txheem automation tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm hom khoom, qhov loj me, cov khoom siv, thiab cov txheej txheem. Piv txwv li, kev ua tiav tom qab ntawm cov yas hniav tsis siv neeg txawv ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm cov khoom siv cav foob pob hluav taws, txawm hais tias ob qho tib si tuaj yeem ua los ntawm hlau.
Vim tias cov khoom seem tau raug kho kom zoo rau AM, cov yam ntxwv siab dua thiab cov channel sab hauv feem ntau raug ntxiv. Rau PBF, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog tshem tawm 100% ntawm cov hmoov. Solukon tsim cov tshuab tshem tawm hmoov tsis siv neeg. Lub tuam txhab tau tsim cov thev naus laus zis hu ua Smart Powder Recovery (SRP) uas tig thiab co cov khoom hlau uas tseem txuas rau lub phaj tsim. Kev tig thiab kev co yog tswj los ntawm CAD qauv ntawm cov khoom. Los ntawm kev txav thiab co cov khoom, cov hmoov ntes tau ntws zoo li kua. Qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis siv neeg no txo ​​​​​​kev ua haujlwm tes thiab tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ntseeg siab thiab kev rov ua dua ntawm kev tshem tawm hmoov.
Cov teeb meem thiab kev txwv ntawm kev tshem tawm hmoov tes tuaj yeem txwv tsis pub siv AM rau kev tsim khoom ntau, txawm tias me me xwb los xij. Cov tshuab tshem tawm hmoov hlau Solukon tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv huab cua tsis muaj zog thiab sau cov hmoov tsis siv rau kev siv dua hauv cov tshuab AM. Solukon tau ua kev soj ntsuam cov neeg siv khoom thiab luam tawm ib txoj kev tshawb fawb thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2021 qhia tias ob qhov kev txhawj xeeb loj tshaj plaws yog kev noj qab haus huv hauv chaw ua haujlwm thiab kev rov ua dua tshiab.
Kev rho cov hmoov tawm ntawm cov qauv PBF resin tuaj yeem siv sijhawm ntau. Cov tuam txhab xws li DyeMansion thiab PostProcess Technologies tab tom tsim cov txheej txheem tom qab ua tiav kom tshem tawm cov hmoov. Ntau qhov chaw tsim khoom ntxiv tuaj yeem thauj mus rau hauv lub kaw lus uas tig thiab tso cov khoom nruab nrab kom tshem tawm cov hmoov ntau dhau. HP muaj nws tus kheej lub kaw lus uas tau hais tias tshem tawm cov hmoov ntawm Jet Fusion 5200 lub chaw tsim khoom hauv 20 feeb. Lub kaw lus khaws cov hmoov tsis yaj rau hauv lub thawv sib cais rau kev siv dua lossis rov ua dua rau lwm yam kev siv.
Cov tuam txhab lag luam tuaj yeem tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev siv tshuab yog tias nws tuaj yeem siv rau feem ntau ntawm cov kauj ruam tom qab ua tiav. DyeMansion muaj cov txheej txheem rau kev tshem tawm hmoov, kev npaj nto thiab kev pleev xim. Lub PowerFuse S system thauj cov khoom, ua kom cov khoom du thiab tshem tawm lawv. Lub tuam txhab muab lub khib hlau tsis xeb rau dai cov khoom, uas ua los ntawm tes. Lub PowerFuse S system tuaj yeem tsim cov nto zoo li pwm txhaj tshuaj.
Qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws uas kev lag luam ntsib yog kev nkag siab txog cov cib fim tiag tiag uas kev siv tshuab ua haujlwm tau muab. Yog tias yuav tsum tau ua ib lab qhov chaw polymer, cov txheej txheem casting lossis molding ib txwm muaj tej zaum yuav yog qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws, txawm hais tias qhov no nyob ntawm qhov chaw. AM feem ntau muaj rau thawj qhov kev tsim khoom hauv kev tsim khoom siv thiab kev sim. Los ntawm kev ua tiav tom qab tsis siv neeg, ntau txhiab qhov chaw tuaj yeem tsim tau zoo thiab rov ua dua siv AM, tab sis nws yog qhov tshwj xeeb rau ib feem thiab tej zaum yuav xav tau kev daws teeb meem tshwj xeeb.
AM tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam dab tsi nrog kev lag luam. Ntau lub koom haum nthuav tawm cov txiaj ntsig tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho uas tuaj yeem ua rau kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov khoom thiab cov kev pabcuam. Hauv kev lag luam aerospace, Relativity Space tsim ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom siv hlau loj tshaj plaws siv cov thev naus laus zis DED, uas lub tuam txhab vam tias yuav siv los tsim feem ntau ntawm nws cov foob pob hluav taws. Nws lub foob pob hluav taws Terran 1 tuaj yeem xa 1,250 kg payload mus rau lub ntiaj teb qis. Relativity npaj yuav tso lub foob pob hluav taws sim hauv nruab nrab xyoo 2022 thiab twb npaj lub foob pob hluav taws loj dua, siv tau dua hu ua Terran R.
Relativity Space lub Terran 1 thiab R rockets yog ib txoj hauv kev tshiab los xav txog seb yav tom ntej kev ya mus rau saum ntuj yuav zoo li cas. Kev tsim thiab kev ua kom zoo dua rau kev tsim khoom ntxiv tau ua rau muaj kev txaus siab rau txoj kev loj hlob no. Lub tuam txhab hais tias txoj kev no txo ​​cov khoom seem los ntawm 100 npaug piv rau cov rockets ib txwm muaj. Lub tuam txhab kuj hais tias nws tuaj yeem tsim cov rockets los ntawm cov khoom siv raw hauv 60 hnub. Qhov no yog ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntau qhov rau hauv ib qho thiab ua kom yooj yim rau cov khoom xa tuaj.
Hauv kev lag luam kho hniav, kev tsim khoom ntxiv yog siv los ua cov yas, cov choj, cov qauv phais, cov hniav cuav ib nrab thiab cov khoom sib dhos. Align Technology thiab SmileDirectClub siv 3D luam ntawv los tsim cov khoom rau cov khoom sib dhos yas thermoforming. Align Technology, lub chaw tsim khoom ntawm Invisalign cov khoom lag luam, siv ntau lub tshuab photopolymerization hauv 3D Systems da dej. Xyoo 2021, lub tuam txhab tau hais tias nws tau kho ntau dua 10 lab tus neeg mob txij li thaum nws tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm FDA hauv xyoo 1998. Yog tias kev kho mob ntawm tus neeg mob ib txwm muaj 10 lub khoom sib dhos, uas yog qhov kwv yees qis, lub tuam txhab tau tsim 100 lab lossis ntau dua AM qhov chaw. FRP qhov chaw nyuaj rau rov ua dua tshiab vim tias lawv yog thermoset. SmileDirectClub siv HP Multi Jet Fusion (MJF) system los tsim cov khoom thermoplastic uas tuaj yeem rov ua dua tshiab rau lwm yam kev siv.
Keeb kwm los, VPP tsis tau muaj peev xwm tsim cov khoom nyias nyias, pob tshab nrog cov khoom muaj zog rau kev siv ua cov khoom siv kho hniav. Xyoo 2021, LuxCreo thiab Graphy tau tso tawm ib qho kev daws teeb meem. Txij li thaum Lub Ob Hlis, Graphy tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm FDA rau kev luam ntawv 3D ncaj qha ntawm cov khoom siv kho hniav. Yog tias koj luam tawm ncaj qha, cov txheej txheem kawg-rau-kawg raug suav hais tias luv dua, yooj yim dua, thiab tej zaum yuav pheej yig dua.
Ib qho kev loj hlob thaum ntxov uas tau txais kev saib xyuas ntau ntawm xov xwm yog kev siv 3D luam ntawv rau kev siv loj xws li vaj tse. Feem ntau cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev raug luam tawm los ntawm kev rho tawm. Tag nrho lwm qhov ntawm lub tsev tau ua los ntawm kev siv cov txheej txheem thiab cov ntaub ntawv ib txwm muaj, suav nrog cov plag tsev, qab nthab, ru tsev, ntaiv, qhov rooj, qhov rai, cov khoom siv, txee thiab cov txee saum rooj. Cov phab ntsa luam tawm 3D tuaj yeem ua rau tus nqi ntawm kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob, teeb pom kev zoo, cov kav dej, cov kav dej, thiab cov qhov cua rau cua sov thiab cua txias. Kev ua tiav sab hauv thiab sab nraud ntawm phab ntsa pob zeb nyuaj dua li nrog kev tsim phab ntsa ib txwm muaj. Kev kho kom zoo nkauj hauv tsev nrog cov phab ntsa luam tawm 3D kuj yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm Oak Ridge National Laboratory tab tom kawm txog yuav ua li cas khaws lub zog hauv cov phab ntsa luam tawm 3D. Los ntawm kev ntxig cov kav dej rau hauv phab ntsa thaum lub sijhawm tsim kho, dej tuaj yeem ntws los ntawm nws rau cua sov thiab txias. Qhov project R&D no yog qhov nthuav thiab muaj tswv yim tshiab, tab sis nws tseem nyob rau theem pib ntawm kev txhim kho. Qhov project R&D no yog qhov nthuav thiab muaj tswv yim tshiab, tab sis nws tseem nyob rau theem pib ntawm kev txhim kho.Qhov kev tshawb fawb no yog qhov nthuav thiab muaj tswv yim tshiab, tab sis nws tseem nyob rau theem pib ntawm kev txhim kho.Qhov kev tshawb fawb no yog qhov nthuav thiab muaj tswv yim tshiab, tab sis tseem nyob rau theem pib ntawm kev txhim kho.
Feem ntau ntawm peb tseem tsis tau paub txog kev lag luam ntawm 3D luam ntawv rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev lossis lwm yam khoom loj. Cov thev naus laus zis tau siv los tsim qee cov choj, cov ntaub thaiv hnub, cov rooj zaum hauv tiaj ua si, thiab cov khoom dai kom zoo nkauj rau cov tsev thiab qhov chaw sab nraum zoov. Nws ntseeg tau tias qhov zoo ntawm kev tsim khoom ntxiv ntawm cov nplai me me (los ntawm ob peb centimeters mus rau ob peb meters) siv rau kev luam ntawv 3D loj. Cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv kev tsim khoom ntxiv suav nrog kev tsim cov duab thiab cov yam ntxwv nyuaj, txo cov lej ntawm cov khoom, txo cov khoom siv thiab qhov hnyav, thiab nce kev tsim khoom. Yog tias AM tsis ntxiv tus nqi, nws qhov muaj txiaj ntsig yuav tsum tau nug.
Thaum Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj xyoo 2021, Stratasys tau txais 55% seem ntawm Xaar 3D, ib lub tuam txhab me ntawm lub tuam txhab tsim khoom siv luam ntawv Askiv Xaar. Stratasys 'polymer PBF technology, hu ua Selective Absorbion Fusion, yog raws li Xaar inkjet printheads. Lub tshuab Stratasys H350 sib tw nrog HP MJF system.
Kev yuav Desktop Metal yog qhov zoo kawg nkaus. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 2021, lub tuam txhab tau yuav Envisiontec, uas yog lub tuam txhab tsim cov khoom siv ntxiv rau kev lag luam ntev. Thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 2021, lub tuam txhab tau yuav Adaptive3D, uas yog tus tsim cov polymers VPP uas yoog tau. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 2021, Desktop Metal tau yuav Aerosint, uas yog tus tsim cov txheej txheem rov ua dua cov hmoov txheej ntau yam. Qhov kev yuav khoom loj tshaj plaws tau tshwm sim thaum Lub Yim Hli thaum Desktop Metal tau yuav tus neeg sib tw ExOne rau $ 575 lab.
Kev yuav ExOne los ntawm Desktop Metal coj ua ke ob lub tuam txhab tsim khoom nto moo ntawm cov hlau BJT systems. Feem ntau, cov thev naus laus zis tseem tsis tau mus txog qib uas ntau tus ntseeg. Cov tuam txhab txuas ntxiv daws cov teeb meem xws li rov ua dua, kev ntseeg siab, thiab kev nkag siab txog qhov ua rau muaj teeb meem thaum lawv tshwm sim. Txawm li ntawd los, yog tias cov teeb meem tau daws lawm, tseem muaj chaw rau cov thev naus laus zis kom ncav cuag cov lag luam loj dua. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 2021, 3DEO, tus neeg muab kev pabcuam siv lub tshuab luam ntawv 3D tshwj xeeb, tau hais tias nws tau xa ib lab rau cov neeg siv khoom.
Cov neeg tsim kho software thiab huab platform tau pom kev loj hlob tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam tsim khoom ntxiv. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb rau cov txheej txheem tswj kev ua tau zoo (MES) uas taug qab cov saw hlau AM. 3D Systems tau pom zoo yuav Oqton thaum lub Cuaj Hli 2021 rau $ 180 lab. Tau tsim muaj xyoo 2017, Oqton muab cov kev daws teeb meem raws li huab los txhim kho cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm AM. Materialize tau yuav Link3D thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2021 rau $ 33.5 lab. Ib yam li Oqton, Link3D lub platform huab taug qab kev ua haujlwm thiab ua kom yooj yim rau cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm AM.
Ib qho ntawm cov kev yuav khoom tshiab tshaj plaws hauv xyoo 2021 yog ASTM International qhov kev yuav khoom ntawm Wohlers Associates. Ua ke lawv tab tom ua haujlwm los siv lub npe Wohlers los txhawb kev siv AM thoob ntiaj teb. Los ntawm ASTM AM Center of Excellence, Wohlers Associates yuav txuas ntxiv tsim cov ntawv qhia Wohlers thiab lwm yam ntawv tshaj tawm, nrog rau muab cov kev pabcuam tswv yim, kev tshuaj xyuas kev lag luam thiab kev cob qhia.
Kev lag luam tsim khoom ntxiv tau loj hlob tuaj thiab ntau lub lag luam siv cov thev naus laus zis rau ntau yam kev siv. Tab sis 3D luam ntawv yuav tsis hloov feem ntau lwm hom kev tsim khoom. Hloov chaw, nws yog siv los tsim cov khoom tshiab thiab cov qauv lag luam. Cov koom haum siv AM los txo qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom, txo lub sijhawm ua haujlwm thiab cov nqi cuab yeej, thiab txhim kho kev kho kom haum rau cov khoom thiab kev ua tau zoo. Kev lag luam tsim khoom ntxiv yuav txuas ntxiv nws txoj kev loj hlob nrog cov tuam txhab tshiab, cov khoom, cov kev pabcuam, cov ntawv thov thiab cov ntaub ntawv siv tshiab, feem ntau ntawm qhov ceev ceev.