Ukwamukelwa kokukhiqizwa kwezengezo zensimbi kuqhutshwa yizinto ezingaphrintwa. Izinkampani emhlabeni wonke sezinesikhathi eside ziqaphela lo mkhankaso futhi bezisebenza ngokungakhathali ukwandisa inqwaba yazo yezinto zokuphrinta zensimbi ze-3D.
Ucwaningo oluqhubekayo mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezintsha zensimbi, kanye nokuhlonza izinto zendabuko, kusize ubuchwepheshe ukuthi buthole ukwamukelwa kabanzi. Ukuze siqonde izinto ezitholakalayo zokunyathelisa nge-3D, sikulethela uhlu oluphelele kakhulu lwezinto zokunyathelisa nge-3D zensimbi ezitholakala ku-inthanethi.
I-Aluminium (AlSi10Mg) yayingenye yezinto zokuqala ze-AM zensimbi ezafaneleka futhi zalungiselelwa ukuphrinta kwe-3D. Yaziwa ngokuqina kwayo namandla ayo. Iphinde ibe nenhlanganisela enhle kakhulu yezakhiwo zokushisa nezomshini, kanye nobukhulu obuphansi be-gravity.
Izicelo zezinto zokukhiqiza zensimbi ze-aluminium (AlSi10Mg) ziyizingxenye zokukhiqiza zezindiza kanye nezimoto.
I-Aluminium AlSi7Mg0.6 inomoya omuhle kagesi, umoya omuhle kakhulu wokushisa kanye nokumelana okuhle nokugqwala.
Izinto Zokukhiqiza Ezingeziwe Zensimbi ze-Aluminium (AlSi7Mg0.6) Zokwenza Amaphrothokholi, Ucwaningo, Izindiza, Izimoto kanye Nezishintshi Zokushisa
I-AlSi9Cu3 iyi-alloy esekelwe ku-aluminium, i-silicon, kanye nethusi. I-AlSi9Cu3 isetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezidinga amandla amahle okushisa aphezulu, ukuminyana okuphansi kanye nokumelana okuhle nokugqwala.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokukhiqiza zensimbi ze-aluminium (AlSi9Cu3) ekwenzeni ama-prototyping, ocwaningweni, ezindiza, ezimotweni kanye nasezishintshisaneni zokushisa.
I-Austenitic chromium-nickel alloy enamandla aphezulu kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka. Amandla amahle okushisa aphezulu, ukwakheka kanye nokushibilika. Ngenxa yokumelana kwayo okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala, okuhlanganisa izindawo zokufaka imigodi kanye ne-chloride.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokukhiqiza zensimbi engagqwali ezingama-316L ezingxenyeni zokukhiqiza zezindiza kanye nezokwelapha (amathuluzi okuhlinza).
Insimbi engagqwali eqinisa imvula enamandla amakhulu, ukuqina kanye nobunzima. Inenhlanganisela enhle yamandla, ukusebenza kahle kwemishini, ukwelashwa kokushisa okulula kanye nokumelana nokugqwala, okwenza kube yinto ethandwayo esetshenziswa ezimbonini eziningi.
Izinto zokukhiqiza zensimbi ezingenasici ezingama-15-5 PH zingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza izingxenye ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene.
Insimbi engagqwali eqinisa imvula enamandla amakhulu kanye nezakhiwo zokukhathala. Inenhlanganisela enhle yamandla, ukusebenza kahle kwemishini, ukwelashwa kokushisa okulula kanye nokumelana nokugqwala, okwenza ibe yinsimbi esetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini eziningi. Insimbi engagqwali engu-17-4 PH iqukethe i-ferrite, kanti insimbi engagqwali engu-15-5 ayinayo i-ferrite.
Izinto zokukhiqiza zensimbi ezingenasici ezingu-17-4 PH zingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza izingxenye ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene.
Insimbi yokuqinisa i-Martensitic inokuqina okuhle, amandla okuthamba kanye nezakhiwo eziphansi zokugoba. Kulula ukuyishicilela, ukuyiqinisa kanye nokuyishibiliza. Ukuqina okuphezulu kwenza kube lula ukuyibumba ukuze kusetshenziswe izinhlelo ezahlukene.
Insimbi yokugaya ingasetshenziswa ukwenza amathuluzi okujova nezinye izingxenye zomshini zokukhiqiza ngobuningi.
Le nsimbi eqinile yekesi inokuqina okuhle kanye nokumelana okuhle nokuguguleka ngenxa yokuqina okuphezulu kwendawo ngemva kokwelashwa ngokushisa.
Izakhiwo zezinto zensimbi eqinile ziyenza ifaneleke kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni okuningi kwezobunjiniyela bezimoto kanye nobunjiniyela obujwayelekile kanye namagiya nezingxenye ezisele.
Insimbi yamathuluzi e-A2 iyinsimbi yamathuluzi okuqinisa umoya eguquguqukayo futhi ivame ukubhekwa njengensimbi yokusebenza ebandayo "ejwayelekile". Ihlanganisa ukumelana okuhle nokuguguleka (phakathi kwe-O1 ne-D2) kanye nokuqina. Ingaphathwa ngokushisa ukuze kwandiswe ubulukhuni nokuqina.
Insimbi yamathuluzi e-D2 inokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokuguguleka futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi emisebenzini ebandayo lapho kudingeka khona amandla aphezulu okucindezela, imiphetho ebukhali kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka. Ingaphathwa ngokushisa ukuze kwandiswe ubulukhuni nokuqina.
Insimbi yamathuluzi e-A2 ingasetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwensimbi eshidi, ekubhobozeni nasekufakeni amadayi, ezinsikeni ezingagugi, namathuluzi okugunda izinwele
I-4140 iyinsimbi ethambile ene-chromium, i-molybdenum kanye ne-manganese. Ingenye yezinsimbi eziguquguqukayo kakhulu, enokuqina, amandla aphezulu okukhathala, ukumelana nokuguguleka, kanye nokumelana nokushayisana, okwenza ibe yinsimbi eguquguqukayo yokusetshenziswa kwezimboni.
Izinto ze-AM ze-4140 Steel-to-Metal zisetshenziswa kuma-jigs kanye nama-fixtures, ezimotweni, kuma-bolts/nuts, kumagiya, kuma-coupling ensimbi, nokuningi.
Insimbi yamathuluzi e-H13 iyinsimbi yokusebenza eshisayo ye-chromium molybdenum. Ibonakala ngokuqina kwayo kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka, insimbi yamathuluzi e-H13 inobulukhuni obuhle kakhulu bokushisa, ukumelana nokuqhekeka kokukhathala kokushisa kanye nokuqina kokwelashwa kokushisa - okwenza ibe yinsimbi efanelekile kokubili ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi okusebenza okushisa kanye nokubanda.
Izinto zokukhiqiza zensimbi yensimbi ye-H13 zinezisetshenziswa kuma-dies e-extrusion, ama-dies okujova, ama-dies okwakha ashisayo, ama-cores okuphonsa insimbi, ama-insert kanye nama-casing.
Lolu uhlobo oludumile kakhulu lwezinto zokukhiqiza zensimbi ze-cobalt-chromium. Luyi-superalloy enokumelana nokuguguleka okuhle kakhulu. Luphinde lubonise izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini, ukumelana nokuguguleka, ukumelana nokugqwala, kanye nokuhambisana kwezinto eziphilayo emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, okwenza kube kuhle kakhulu ekufakweni kokuhlinzwa nakwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza eziguguleka kakhulu, okuhlanganisa nezingxenye zokukhiqiza izindiza.
I-MP1 iphinde ibonise ukumelana okuhle nokugqwala kanye nezakhiwo ezizinzile zemishini ngisho noma amazinga okushisa aphezulu. Ayinayo i-nickel ngakho-ke inesakhiwo esihle, esifanayo sokusanhlamvu. Le nhlanganisela ilungele ukusetshenziswa okuningi embonini yezindiza kanye neyezokwelapha.
Izicelo ezijwayelekile zifaka phakathi ukwenziwa kwe-prototyping kwe-biomedical implants njengomgogodla, idolo, isinqe, uzwane kanye nokufakelwa kwamazinyo. Ingasetshenziswa futhi ezingxenyeni ezidinga izakhiwo eziqinile zemishini emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kanye nezingxenye ezinezici ezincane kakhulu njengezindonga ezincane, izikhonkwane, njll. ezidinga amandla aphezulu kanye/noma ukuqina.
I-EOS CobaltChrome SP2 iyimpuphu ye-superalloy esekelwe ku-cobalt-chromium-molybdenum eyenzelwe ngokukhethekile ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokulungiswa kwamazinyo okumele zifakwe izinto ze-ceramic zamazinyo, futhi ilungiselelwe ngokukhethekile uhlelo lwe-EOSINT M 270.
Izicelo zifaka phakathi ukukhiqizwa kokulungiswa kwamazinyo nge-porcelain fused metal (PFM), ikakhulukazi imiqhele namabhuloho.
I-CobaltChrome RPD iyi-alloy yamazinyo esekelwe ku-cobalt esetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni amazinyo okufakelwa angaphelele asuswayo. Inamandla okudonsa aphezulu angu-1100 MPa kanye namandla okukhiqiza angu-550 MPa.
Ingenye yama-alloy e-titanium asetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni izengezo zensimbi. Inezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini kanye nokumelana nokugqwala okunamandla aphansi. Idlula amanye ama-alloy ngesilinganiso sayo esihle kakhulu samandla-kuya-esisindoni, ukusebenza kahle kwemishini kanye namakhono okwelapha ukushisa.
Leli banga liphinde libonise izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kanye nobunzima obuphansi. Leli banga lithuthukise ukuqina kwamandla kanye namandla okukhathala, okwenza lifaneleke kakhulu ezifakelweni zezokwelapha.
Le superalloy ikhombisa amandla amahle kakhulu okukhiqiza, amandla okudonsa, kanye namandla okuqhekeka kokuhamba emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Izakhiwo zayo ezihlukile zivumela onjiniyela ukuthi basebenzise le nto ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla aphezulu ezindaweni ezibucayi, njengezingxenye ze-turbine embonini yezindiza ezivame ukuhlushwa ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu. Iphinde ibe nokushibilika okuhle kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye i-superalloys ezisekelwe ku-nickel.
I-alloy ye-nickel, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-InconelTM 625, iyi-alloy enamandla amakhulu, ukuqina kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nokumelana nokugqwala. Yenzelwe ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphezulu ezindaweni ezinzima. Imelana kakhulu nokuqhekeka kwemigodi, ukugqwala kwemisele kanye nokuqhekeka kokugqwala kokucindezeleka ezindaweni ze-chloride. Ilungele ukwenziwa kwezingxenye zemboni yezindiza.
I-Hastelloy X inamandla aphezulu okushisa, ukusebenza kahle kanye nokumelana ne-oxidation. Imelana nokuqhekeka kokugqwala okucindezelekile ezindaweni ze-petrochemical. Iphinde ibe nezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokwakha kanye nokushisela. Ngakho-ke, isetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphezulu ezindaweni ezinzima.
Izicelo ezivamile zifaka izingxenye zokukhiqiza (amakamelo okuvutha, izitofu kanye nezisekelo ezithandweni zezimboni) ezibhekene nezimo zokushisa ezinzima kanye nengozi ephezulu yokushiswa.
Ithusi sekuyisikhathi eside liyinto ethandwayo yokukhiqiza izengezo zensimbi. Ukuphrinta ithusi le-3D sekuyisikhathi eside kungenzeki, kodwa izinkampani eziningana manje sezithuthukise ngempumelelo izinhlobo zethusi ezisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezahlukene zokukhiqiza izengezo zensimbi.
Ukukhiqiza ithusi kusetshenziswa izindlela zendabuko kwaziwa ngokuthi kunzima, kudla isikhathi futhi kuyabiza. Ukuphrinta kwe-3D kususa iningi lezinselelo, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baphrinte izingxenye zethusi eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokwejiyometri ngendlela elula yokusebenza.
Ithusi liyinsimbi ethambile, eguquguqukayo evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ukuhambisa ugesi nokuhambisa ukushisa. Ngenxa yokuqhuba kwayo okuphezulu kukagesi, ithusi liyinto efanelekile kuma-heat sink amaningi kanye nama-heat exchanger, izingxenye zokusabalalisa amandla njengemigoqo yamabhasi, imishini yokukhiqiza njengezibambo zokushisela eziqondile, ama-antenna okuxhumana ngemvamisa yomsakazo, nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza.
Ithusi elicwengekile kakhulu linomoya omuhle kagesi nokushisa futhi lifanelekela izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezahlukene. Izakhiwo zezinto zethusi ziyenza ifaneleke kakhulu kuma-heat exchanger, izingxenye ze-rocket engine, ama-induction coil, ama-electronics, nanoma yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza oludinga umoya omuhle kagesi njengezinki zokushisa, izingalo zokushisela, ama-antenna, imigoqo yamabhasi eyinkimbinkimbi, nokuningi.
Le thusi elihlanzekile elithengiswayo linikeza ukuhanjiswa okuhle kakhulu kokushisa kanye nogesi okufika ku-100% IACS, okwenza kube kuhle kakhulu kuma-inductor, ama-motor, nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi.
Le ngxube yethusi inomoya omuhle kagesi nokushisa kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle zemishini. Lokhu kube nomthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwegumbi lerokhethi.
I-Tungsten W1 iyi-alloy ye-tungsten emsulwa eyathuthukiswa yi-EOS futhi yahlolwa ukuthi isetshenziswe ezinhlelweni zensimbi ze-EOS futhi iyingxenye yomndeni wezinto ezikhipha umswakama.
Izingxenye ezenziwe nge-EOS Tungsten W1 zizosetshenziswa ezakhiweni zokuqondisa ze-X-ray ezinezindonga ezincane. Lezi gridi ezilwa nokusabalala zingatholakala emishinini yokuthwebula izithombe esetshenziswa kwezokwelapha (abantu kanye nezilwane) nakwezinye izimboni.
Izinsimbi eziyigugu njengegolide, isiliva, iplatinum kanye ne-palladium nazo zinganyatheliswa kahle nge-3D ezinhlelweni zokukhiqiza izengezo zensimbi.
Lezi zinsimbi zisetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo, okuhlanganisa ubucwebe namawashi, kanye nasezimbonini zamazinyo, ze-elekthronikhi, kanye nakwezinye izimboni.
Sibone ezinye zezinto zokunyathelisa zensimbi ze-3D ezithandwa kakhulu nezisetshenziswa kabanzi kanye nezinhlobo zazo. Ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zinto kuncike kubuchwepheshe ezihambisana nabo kanye nokusetshenziswa komkhiqizo kokugcina. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinto zendabuko nezinto zokunyathelisa ze-3D aziguquguquki ngokuphelele. Izinto zingase zibonise amazinga ahlukene ezakhiwo zemishini, ezishisayo, zikagesi nezinye ngenxa yezinqubo ezahlukene.
Uma ufuna umhlahlandlela ophelele wokuqala ngokuphrinta kwe-metal 3D, kufanele uhlole okuthunyelwe kwethu kwangaphambilini mayelana nokuqala ngokuphrinta kwe-metal 3D kanye nohlu lwamasu okukhiqiza okungeziwe kwensimbi, bese ulandela ukuze uthole okunye okuthunyelwe okumboza zonke izakhi zokuphrinta kwe-metal 3D.