Kugirango habeho passivasi ikwiye, abatekinisiye basukuye amashanyarazi mumashanyarazi maremare yibice byazungurutswe byibyuma bitagira umwanda. Amashusho yatanzwe na Walter Surface Technologies
Tekereza uruganda rukora amasezerano arimo ibihimbano by'ibyuma bidafite ingese.Ibice by'icyuma na tube byaciwe, bigoramye kandi bigasudwa mbere yo kugwa kuri sitasiyo irangiriraho. Igice kigizwe n'amasahani asudira mu buryo buhagaritse ku muyoboro. ubushyuhe bwinjiza.Muri iki kibazo, bivuze ko igice kitujuje ibyifuzo byabakiriya.
Akenshi bikozwe nintoki, gusya no kurangiza bisaba ubuhanga nubuhanga. Amakosa yo kurangiza arashobora kuba ahenze cyane, urebye agaciro kose kahawe igihangano cyakazi.Kongeramo ibikoresho bihenze cyane byangiza ubushyuhe nkibyuma bitagira umwanda, ibyuma byo gukora no gusiba ibikoresho birashobora kuba byinshi.Bihujwe nibibazo nko kwanduza no gutsindwa kwa pasitifike, gutakaza amafaranga yangirika cyangwa gutakaza amafaranga yakazi.
Nigute ababikora birinda ibyo byose? Bashobora gutangira batezimbere ubumenyi bwabo bwo gusya no kurangiza, bakumva uruhare buri wese afite nuburyo bigira ingaruka kumyuma idafite ibyuma.
Ntabwo ari kimwe. Mubyukuri, buriwese afite intego zitandukanye muburyo butandukanye.Gusya bikuraho ibikoresho nka burrs hamwe nicyuma cyinshi cyo gusudira, mugihe kurangiza bitanga kurangiza hejuru yicyuma. Urujijo rurumvikana, urebye ko abasya hamwe ninziga nini zo gusya bakuramo ibyuma byinshi cyane, ariko kubikora bishobora gusiga ibishushanyo byimbitse.Ariko mugusya, gushushanya ni nyuma yingaruka; intego ni ugukuraho ibintu vuba, cyane cyane iyo ukorana nicyuma cyumva ubushyuhe nkicyuma kitagira umwanda.
Kurangiza bikorwa mu ntambwe, nkuko uyikoresha atangirana na grit nini kandi agatera imbere kugeza gusya neza, gusya, kandi wenda yunvise umwenda hamwe na paste ya paste kugirango ugere ku ndorerwamo. Intego ni ukugera ku ndunduro yanyuma (gushushanya)
Kuberako gusya no kurangiza bifite intego zitandukanye, akenshi ntabwo byuzuzanya kandi birashobora rwose gukinisha mugenzi wawe niba hakoreshejwe ingamba zitari zo zikoreshwa.Gukuraho ibyuma bisudira birenze urugero, abashoramari bakoresha ibiziga byo gusya kugirango bakore ibishushanyo byimbitse cyane, hanyuma bashyikirize igice umwambaro, ubu ugomba kumara umwanya munini ukuraho ibyo bishushanyo byimbitse.Ubu buryo bwo gusya-kurangiza burashobora kuba inzira zuzuye zuzuza ibisabwa.
Ubuso bwakazi bugenewe gukorwa mubusanzwe ntibisaba gusya no kurangiza.Ibice biri hasi bikora ibi gusa kuko gusya nuburyo bwihuse bwo kuvanaho gusudira cyangwa ibindi bikoresho kandi ibishushanyo byimbitse byasizwe nuruziga rwo gusya nibyo rwose umukiriya ashaka.Ibice bisaba kurangiza gusa bikozwe muburyo budasaba kuvanaho ibintu bikabije kugirango bikorwe neza kugirango bikorwe neza. icyitegererezo cya substrate.
Urusyo rufite ibiziga bikururwa bike birashobora kwerekana ingorane zikomeye mugihe ukorana nicyuma kitagira umwanda.Nkuko, ubushyuhe bukabije bushobora gutera ubururu no guhindura ibintu bifatika.Intego nukugumya ibyuma bitagira umwanda bikonje bishoboka mugihe cyose.
Kugirango bigerweho, bifasha guhitamo uruziga rusya hamwe nigipimo cyihuta cyo gukuraho porogaramu na bije. Ibiziga bya Zirconiya bisya vuba kurusha alumina, ariko mubihe byinshi, ibiziga bya ceramic bikora neza.
Ibice bya ceramic bikabije kandi bikarishye byambara muburyo budasanzwe.Nkuko bigenda bisenyuka buhoro buhoro, ntibisya neza, ariko bikomeza impande zikarishye.Ibyo bivuze ko bishobora kuvanaho ibintu vuba cyane, akenshi mugice gito cyigihe cyizindi nziga zisya.Ibisanzwe bikora ibiziga byo gusya ceramique bifite agaciro kumafaranga.Bikuraho kugabanura ibyuma binini kandi bitanga umusaruro muke kandi bikabyara ubushyuhe buke kandi bikabyara vuba.
Ntakibazo cyaba uruziga rukora uruganda rukora, rushobora kuzirikanwa kwanduza. Benshi mubakora inganda bazi ko badashobora gukoresha uruziga rumwe rusya ku byuma bya karubone ndetse nicyuma kitagira umwanda. Abantu benshi batandukanya umubiri wabo ibikorwa byogusya ibyuma bya karubone ndetse nicyuma. ibyuma bitagira umwanda bigomba kuba hafi yubusa (munsi ya 0.1%) yicyuma, sulfure na chlorine.
Gusya ibiziga ntibishobora gusya ubwabyo; bakeneye igikoresho cyingufu.Umuntu wese arashobora kugabanya inyungu zo gusya ibiziga cyangwa ibikoresho byamashanyarazi, ariko ikigaragara nuko ibikoresho byamashanyarazi hamwe niziga ryabo risya bikora nka sisitemu. Inziga zo gusya za ceramic zagenewe gusya inguni zifite ingufu zingana na torque.Mu gihe insyo zimwe zogusya zikoreshwa mubikoresho byingufu.
Urusyo rufite imbaraga zidahagije hamwe na torque birashobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye, kabone niyo byaba bigezweho cyane.Kubura imbaraga na torque birashobora gutuma igikoresho kigabanuka cyane mukibazo cyumuvuduko, cyane cyane birinda uduce duto twa ceramic kumuziga gusya gukora ibyo bagenewe gukora: gukuramo vuba ibyuma binini byinjira mubiziga.
Ibi byongera uruziga rukabije: Abakora urusyo babona ibikoresho bidakuweho, nuko bahita basunika cyane, ari nako bitera ubushyuhe burenze urugero kandi bikarangira.Barangiza bagasunika cyane ku buryo bahinduranya ibiziga, bigatuma bakora cyane kandi bikabyara ubushyuhe bwinshi mbere yuko bamenya ko bakeneye gusimbuza ibiziga.Niba ukora muri ubu buryo ku miyoboro yoroheje cyangwa ku mpapuro, barangiza bakanyura mu bikoresho.
Byumvikane ko, niba abashoramari badahuguwe neza, ndetse nibikoresho byiza, iyi nzitizi mbi irashobora kubaho, cyane cyane iyo bigeze kumuvuduko bashira kumurimo wakazi. Imyitozo myiza ni ukwegera ibishoboka byose kurutonde rwizina rya gride.Niba uyikoresha akoresha imashini 10 amp, bagomba gukanda cyane kuburyo urusyo rukurura amps 10.
Gukoresha ammeter birashobora gufasha gutunganya ibikorwa byo gusya niba uwabikoze atunganya ubwinshi bwibyuma bihenze bidafite ingese.Byukuri, ibikorwa bike mubyukuri bikoresha ammeter buri gihe, icyiza rero ni ugutega amatwi witonze.Niba umukoresha yumvise kandi akumva RPM igabanuka vuba, barashobora gusunika cyane.
Gutegera ku gukoraho biroroshye cyane (ni ukuvuga umuvuduko muke) birashobora kugorana, muriki gihe rero, kwitondera imigendekere yumucyo birashobora gufasha.Gusya ibyuma bitagira umwanda bizabyara ibicu byijimye kuruta ibyuma bya karubone, ariko bigomba gukomeza kugaragara no gusohoka bivuye kumurimo muburyo butajegajega.Niba nyirubwite abonye giturumbuka gike, cyangwa birashoboka.
Abakora nabo bakeneye kugumya gukora neza.Niba begereye igicapo kumurongo hafi-igororotse (hafi ugereranije nakazi), barashobora gutera ubushyuhe bwinshi; niba begereye ku mpande ndende cyane (hafi ya vertical), barashobora gucukura inkombe yiziga mucyuma.Niba bakoresha uruziga rwo mu bwoko bwa 27, bagomba kwegera akazi kumpande ya dogere 20 kugeza 30. Niba bafite ibiziga byubwoko 29, impande zabo zakazi zigomba kuba hafi dogere 10.
Ubwoko bwa 28 (tapered) gusya ibiziga bisanzwe bikoreshwa mugusya hejuru yubutaka kugirango ukureho ibintu munzira yagutse yo gusya.Iyi nziga zapanze nazo zikora neza kumpande zo gusya (hafi dogere 5), bityo zifasha kugabanya umunaniro wabakoresha.
Ibi bitangiza ikindi kintu gikomeye: guhitamo ubwoko bukwiye bwo gusya.Ubiziga bwa 27 bifite aho bihurira hejuru yicyuma; Ubwoko bwa 28 ibiziga bifite umurongo wo guhuza kubera imiterere yabyo; Ubwoko bwa 29 ibiziga bifite aho bihurira.
Kugeza ubu ibiziga byubwoko bwa 27 birashobora gutuma akazi gakorwa mubisabwa byinshi, ariko imiterere yabyo ituma bigora gufata ibice bifite imyirondoro yimbitse hamwe nu murongo, nkinteko zogoswe ziteranya ibyuma bitagira umwanda. Imiterere yumwirondoro wubwoko bwa 29 yorohereza abashoramari bakeneye gusya guhuza ibice bigoramye kandi bigororotse. kwiyubaka.
Mubyukuri, ibi bireba uruziga urwo arirwo rwose.Iyo gusya, nyirubwite ntagomba kuguma ahantu hamwe umwanya muremure. Tuvuge ko umukoresha akuramo ibyuma mumuzingo wa metero ndende. Ashobora kuyobora uruziga mugihe gito kandi hejuru, ariko kubikora birashobora gushyushya igihangano kubera ko agumisha uruziga ahantu hato mugihe kirekire. igihe cyakazi cyo gukonjesha) no gutambutsa igihangano cyerekezo kimwe hafi yandi mano. Ubundi buhanga bukora, ariko byose bifite ikintu kimwe bihuriraho: birinda ubushyuhe bukabije kugirango urusyo rusya rugende.
Ubuhanga bukoreshwa cyane "amakarita" nabwo bufasha kubigeraho. Tuvuge ko uyikoresha arimo gusya ikibuno gisudira mumwanya uringaniye.Kugabanya imihangayiko yumuriro no gucukura cyane, yirinze gusunika urusyo ku rugingo.Ahubwo, atangirira kumpera hanyuma akurura urusyo ku ngingo. Ibi kandi birinda uruziga gucukura cyane mubikoresho.
Byumvikane ko, tekinike iyo ariyo yose irashobora gushyushya ibyuma niba uyikoresha agenda gahoro.Jya gahoro gahoro kandi uyikoresha azashyushya cyane akazi; genda byihuse kandi gusya birashobora gufata igihe kirekire.Kubona ibiryo byiza bya fedrate mubisanzwe bisaba uburambe.Ariko niba uyikoresha atamenyereye akazi, barashobora gusya ibisakuzo kugirango babone "kumva" igipimo gikwiye cyo kugaburira kumurimo uri mukiganza.
Ingamba zo kurangiza zizenguruka hejuru yubuso bwibikoresho uko bigeze bikava mu ishami rirangiza.Menyekanisha aho utangirira (imiterere yubuso bwakiriwe) nurangiza (kurangiza bisabwa), hanyuma ukore gahunda yo gushaka inzira nziza hagati yizo ngingo zombi.
Akenshi inzira nziza ntabwo itangirana no gukara cyane.Ibi birashobora kumvikana nkibisanzwe.Nyuma ya byose, kuki utatangirana numucanga utubutse kugirango ubone ubuso butajegajega hanyuma ukimukira kumusenyi mwiza? Ntabwo byaba ari byiza cyane gutangirana na grit nziza?
Ntabwo ari ngombwa, ibi byongeye bifitanye isano na miterere yo gukusanya.Nkuko buri ntambwe igeze kuri grit ntoya, kondereti isimbuza ibishushanyo byimbitse hamwe na shitingi ntoya, nibatangira neza.Niba batangiranye na sandpaper 40-grit cyangwa disiki ya flip, bazasiga ibishushanyo byimbitse kuricyuma.Byaba byiza mugihe ibyo bishushanyo byazanye ubuso hafi yicyifuzo cyarangiye; niyo mpamvu ibyo bikoresho 40 bya grit byo kurangiza bibaho.Nyamara, niba umukiriya asabye nimero ya 4 kurangiza (icyerekezo cyogejwe cyerekanwe), ibishushanyo byimbitse byakozwe na No 40 abrasive bizatwara igihe kinini cyo kubikuramo. Abambara imyenda bamanuka bakamanuka mubunini bwa grit, cyangwa bakamarana umwanya munini bakoresheje ibishishwa byiza cyane kugirango bakureho ibishushanyo binini cyane ariko ntibishobore gukora cyane.
Byumvikane ko, gukoresha grit abrasives nziza hejuru yubusa birashobora gutinda kandi, hamwe nubuhanga bubi, bizana ubushyuhe bwinshi.Aha niho disiki ebyiri-imwe cyangwa imwe ya flap disiki ishobora gufasha.Iyi disiki irimo imyenda yangiza ikomatanya nibikoresho byo kuvura hejuru.Bemerera neza uwambaye kwambara ibikoresho byo gukuramo ibikoresho kugirango akureho ibintu neza.
Intambwe ikurikiraho mu kurangiza kwanyuma irashobora kuba ikubiyemo ikoreshwa ryudoda, ryerekana ikindi kintu cyihariye cyo kurangiza: inzira ikora neza hamwe nibikoresho byingufu zihuta.Imashini isya inguni ikora kuri 10,000 RPM irashobora gukorana nibitangazamakuru bimwe na bimwe byo gusya, ariko bizashonga bimwe mubidoda neza. ingoma idoda mubusanzwe izunguruka hagati ya 3000 na 4000 RPM, mugihe disiki yo kuvura hejuru isanzwe izunguruka hagati ya 4000 na 6.000 RPM.
Kugira ibikoresho byiza (impinduka zihuta zogusya, itangazamakuru rirangiza) hamwe no kumenya umubare wintambwe wintambwe ahanini itanga ikarita yerekana inzira nziza hagati yibintu byinjira kandi byarangiye.Inzira nyayo iratandukana kubisabwa, ariko abaterankunga babimenyereye bakurikira iyi nzira bakoresheje tekinoroji yo gutema.
Imashini idoda idoda yuzuza ibyuma bitagira umwanda.Ku kurangiza neza nubuzima bwiza bushobora gukoreshwa, ibitangazamakuru bitandukanye birangiza bikora kuri RPM zitandukanye.
Ubwa mbere, bafata umwanya wabo.Niba babonye igihangano cyoroshye kitagira ibyuma gishyuha, bareka kurangiza mukarere kamwe bagatangirira mukindi. Cyangwa barashobora kuba bakora ibihangano bibiri bitandukanye icyarimwe.Bakora bike kuri kimwe hanyuma ikindi, bagaha ikindi gihe cyakazi cyo gukonja.
Iyo gusya kurangije indorerwamo, poliseri irashobora kwambukiranya ingoma cyangwa gusya ingoma, mu cyerekezo cya perpendiculari kuntambwe ibanza. Kurenga umusenyi werekana ahantu hagomba kuvangwa muburyo bwashushanyije, ariko ntibishobora kugera hejuru yindorerwamo irangirira kuri No 8.Igice cyose cyakuweho, umwenda wunvikana hamwe nuruziga rusabwa kugirango habeho kurangiza.
Kugirango ugere ku ndunduro iboneye, abayikora bakeneye guha abayirangije ibikoresho byiza, harimo ibikoresho n’ibitangazamakuru nyabyo, hamwe n’ibikoresho by’itumanaho, nko gushyiraho ingero zisanzwe kugira ngo hamenyekane uko kurangiza runaka bigomba kumera. Izi ngero (zashyizwe hafi y’ishami rirangiza, mu nyandiko z’amahugurwa, no mu bitabo by’igurisha) zifasha kubona abantu bose ku rupapuro rumwe.
Kubijyanye nibikoresho nyabyo (harimo ibikoresho byamashanyarazi nibitangazamakuru byangiza), geometrie yibice bimwe irashobora kwerekana ibibazo ndetse nabakozi bafite uburambe mumashami arangiza.Aha niho ibikoresho byumwuga bishobora gufasha.
Dufate ko umukoresha akeneye kuzuza ibyuma bitagira umuyonga ibyuma bitoboye.Gukoresha disiki ya flap cyangwa ingoma birashobora gutera ibibazo, bigatera ubushyuhe bwinshi, ndetse rimwe na rimwe bigatera ahantu hahanamye kuri tube ubwayo. Hano, umukandara wumukandara wagenewe kuvoma urashobora gufasha. kugabanya ubushyuhe burenze kwiyubaka no kwirinda guhubuka.
Ni nako bigenda no mubindi bikoresho byo kurangiza umwuga. Reba umukandara wumukandara wintoki wagenewe ahantu hafatanye.Umurangiza ashobora kugikoresha kugirango akurikire icyuma gisudira hagati yimbaho ​​ebyiri ku mpande zikaze. Aho kugirango wimure umukandara wintoki uhagaritse (ubwoko nko kwoza amenyo yawe), umwambaro awujyana mu buryo butambitse kugeza ku rutoki rwo hejuru hejuru yumusenyi, hanyuma ukareba neza ko urutoki ruri hasi cyane.
Gusudira, gusya no kurangiza ibyuma bitagira umwanda bizana ikindi kibazo: kwemeza passiyo ikwiye.Nyuma yibi byose bihungabanije hejuru yibikoresho, harikintu gisigaye cyanduza cyabuza icyuma cya chromium cyuma kitagira umwanda kuba muburyo busanzwe? Ikintu cya nyuma uruganda rukeneye ni umukiriya urakaye yinubira ibice byangiritse cyangwa byanduye.Ibi niho hashobora gukorerwa isuku no gukurikiranwa neza.
Isuku y’amashanyarazi irashobora gufasha gukuraho umwanda kugirango harebwe passiwasi ikwiye, ariko ni ryari iryo suku rigomba gukorwa? Biterwa no kubisaba.Niba ababikora bakora ibyuma bisukuye bitagira umwanda kugirango bateze imbere passiwasi yuzuye, mubisanzwe babikora ako kanya nyuma yo gusudira. Kunanirwa kubikora bivuze ko uburyo bwo kurangiza bushobora gufata umwanda wanduye mubikorwa hanyuma ukabikwirakwiza ahandi hantu. idafite ingese iva mu ruganda.
Tuvuge ko uwabikoze asudira ibyuma bikomeye bitagira umuyonga mu nganda za kirimbuzi.Umudozi wa gaz tungsten arc weld ushyira ikariso ya dime isa neza neza.Ariko nanone, iyi ni porogaramu ikomeye. Umukozi wo mu ishami rirangiza akoresha umuyonga uhujwe na sisitemu yo gukora amashanyarazi kugirango asukure ubuso bwa weld. guswera bwa nyuma hamwe na sisitemu yo gusukura amashanyarazi.Nyuma yo kwicara umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri, koresha igikoresho cyipimisha intoki kugirango ugerageze igice kugirango passivasi ikwiye.Ibisubizo, byanditswe kandi bikomeza hamwe nakazi, byerekanaga ko igice cyatambutse mbere yuko kiva muruganda.
Mu nganda nyinshi zikora, gusya, kurangiza no gusukura ibyuma bitagira umwanda mubisanzwe bibaho hepfo. Mubyukuri, mubisanzwe bikorwa mbere gato yuko akazi koherezwa.
Ibice byarangiye nabi bibyara bimwe mubintu bihenze cyane kandi bigakorwa, birumvikana rero ko ababikora bafata indi sura ishami ryabo ryo gusya no kurangiza.Iterambere ryogusya no kurangiza rifasha kugabanya inzitizi zikomeye, kuzamura ireme, gukuraho umutwe, kandi cyane cyane, byongera abakiriya.
FABRICATOR nicyo kinyamakuru cyo muri Amerika ya ruguru kiza imbere mu gukora ibyuma no guhimba ibinyamakuru. Ikinyamakuru gitanga amakuru, ingingo za tekiniki n'amateka y'imanza zituma ababikora bakora akazi kabo neza.FABRICATOR ikorera inganda kuva mu 1970.
Noneho hamwe no kubona uburyo bwuzuye bwa digitale ya FABRICATOR, byoroshye kubona umutungo winganda zingirakamaro.
Igitabo cya digitale yikinyamakuru The Tube & Pipe Journal ubu kiragerwaho rwose, gitanga uburyo bworoshye kubutunzi bwinganda.
Ishimire byuzuye kubisobanuro bya digitale yikinyamakuru STAMPING, gitanga iterambere rigezweho ryikoranabuhanga, imikorere myiza namakuru yinganda kumasoko ya kashe.
Noneho hamwe no kubona byuzuye kuri digitale ya The Fabricator en Español, byoroshye kubona umutungo winganda zingirakamaro.