Kuwonetsetsa kuyenda koyenera, akatswiri amayeretsa ma welds aatali azitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zosapanga dzimbiri. Chithunzi mwachilolezo cha Walter Surface Technologies
Tangoganizani wopanga akulowa mumgwirizano wokhudza kupanga zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. Zigawo zachitsulo ndi chubu zimadulidwa, kupindika ndi kuwotcherera musanatsike pamalo omaliza. Gawoli limakhala ndi mbale zowotcherera molunjika ku chubu. Zowotcherera zimawoneka bwino, koma si ndalama zabwino zomwe kasitomala akuyang'ana. Zotsatira zake, chopukusira chimawononga nthawi yochulukirapo kuposa nthawi zonse. buluu wodziwika bwino adawonekera pamwamba - chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha kutentha kwakukulu.
Nthawi zambiri amachitidwa pamanja, kupukuta ndi kutsiriza kumafuna dexterity ndi luso.Zolakwa pomaliza zimakhala zodula kwambiri, chifukwa cha mtengo wonse womwe waperekedwa ku workpiece.Kuwonjezera zipangizo zotsika mtengo zowononga kutentha monga zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, kukonzanso ndi kuyika ndalama zowonongeka zingakhale zapamwamba.Kuphatikizana ndi zovuta monga kuipitsidwa ndi kulephera kwa passivation, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chopanda phindu kapena chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chikhoza kusandulika kukhala chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. kuwononga mbiri.
Kodi opanga amaletsa bwanji zonsezi? Akhoza kuyamba ndi kukulitsa chidziwitso chawo chakupera ndi kumaliza, kumvetsetsa maudindo omwe aliyense amasewera komanso momwe amakhudzira zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.
M'malo mwake, aliyense ali ndi cholinga chosiyana kwambiri. Kupera kumachotsa zinthu monga ma burrs ndi zitsulo zowotcherera, pomwe kumaliza kumapereka kutha pazitsulo. Kusokonezekaku ndikomveka, poganizira kuti omwe akupera ndi mawilo akulu okupera amachotsa zitsulo zambiri mwachangu kwambiri, ndipo kutero kumatha kusiya zokanda zakuya kwambiri. cholinga chake ndikuchotsa zinthu mwachangu, makamaka pogwira ntchito ndi zitsulo zosamva kutentha monga zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.
Kutsirizitsa kumachitidwa m'masitepe, pamene woyendetsa akuyamba ndi grit yaikulu ndikupita ku mawilo opera bwino kwambiri, ma abrasives osakhala ndi nsalu, ndipo mwinamwake anamva nsalu ndi phala lopukuta kuti akwaniritse galasi lomaliza.
Chifukwa chakuti kugaya ndi kumaliza zimakhala ndi zolinga zosiyana, nthawi zambiri sizimathandizana ndipo zimatha kusewera wina ndi mzake ngati njira yolakwika yogwiritsira ntchito ikugwiritsidwa ntchito. zofunikira.Komanso, sizinthu zowonjezera.
Zida zogwirira ntchito zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zitheke kupanga nthawi zambiri sizifuna kugaya ndi kumaliza.Zigawo zomwe zimakhala pansi zimangochita izi chifukwa kugaya ndi njira yachangu kwambiri yochotsera ma welds kapena zinthu zina ndipo zozama zakuya zomwe zimasiyidwa ndi gudumu logaya ndizo zomwe kasitomala akufuna.Zigawo zomwe zimangofunika kumaliza zimapangidwa mwanjira yomwe sikutanthauza mochulukirachulukira chitsanzo chokhala ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. weld yomwe imangofunika kusakanikirana ndikufananizidwa ndi mtundu womaliza wa gawo lapansi.
Zopukutira zokhala ndi mawilo otsika otsika zimatha kupereka zovuta zazikulu pogwira ntchito ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.Momwemonso, kutentha kwambiri kungayambitse bluing ndi kusintha zinthu zakuthupi.Cholinga chake ndi kusunga zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kukhala zoziziritsa kukhosi nthawi yonseyi.
Kuti izi zitheke, zimathandiza kusankha gudumu lopukuta ndi kuthamanga kwachangu kwambiri kwa ntchito ndi bajeti.Zirconia mawilo akupera mofulumira kuposa alumina, koma nthawi zambiri, mawilo a ceramic amagwira ntchito bwino.
Zolimba kwambiri komanso zakuthwa za ceramic particles kuvala mwapadera way.Monga iwo pang'onopang'ono kupasuka, iwo sagaya lathyathyathya, koma kusunga lakuthwa m'mphepete.Izi zikutanthauza kuti akhoza kuchotsa zinthu mofulumira kwambiri, nthawi zambiri mu kachigawo kakang'ono ka mawilo akupera ena.Izi zambiri zimapangitsa mawilo ceramic akupera mtengo.Iwo ndi abwino kwa zosapanga dzimbiri tchipisi ndi tchipisi mwamsanga kuchotsa zosapanga dzimbiri tchipisi ndi kuchotsa zosapanga dzimbiri tchipisi kusungunula.
Opanga ambiri amadziwa kuti sangathe kugwiritsa ntchito gudumu logaya lomwelo pazitsulo za carbon ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. Anthu ambiri amalekanitsa ntchito zawo zogaya za carbon ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. mafakitale, amafuna consumables oveteredwa ngati kuipitsa-free.Izi zikutanthauza kuti mawilo akupera zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ayenera kukhala pafupifupi kwaulere (osakwana 0.1%) wa chitsulo, sulfure ndi klorini.
Magudumu opera sangathe kudzipera okha; amafunikira chida champhamvu.Aliyense akhoza kuwonetsa ubwino wa magudumu opukuta kapena zida zamagetsi, koma zoona zake n'zakuti zida zamagetsi ndi magudumu awo opukutira zimagwira ntchito monga system.Ceramic grinding wheels amapangidwira ma angle grinders omwe ali ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso torque.
Zopukutira zopanda mphamvu ndi makokedwe zingayambitse mavuto aakulu, ngakhale ndi abrasives apamwamba kwambiri.Kupanda mphamvu ndi torque kungachititse kuti chidacho chichepetse kwambiri pansi pa kupsyinjika, makamaka kuteteza particles za ceramic pa gudumu logaya kuti asachite zomwe anapangidwira kuchita: kuchotsa mwamsanga zidutswa zazikulu zazitsulo, motero kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zotentha zomwe zimalowa mu gudumu lopera.
Izi zimakulitsa chiwopsezo choyipa: Opera amawona zinthu sizikuchotsedwa, kotero mwachibadwa amakankhira mwamphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kutentha kwambiri ndi bluing. Iwo amatha kukankhira mwamphamvu kwambiri kotero kuti amawombera mawilo, zomwe zimawapangitsa kuti azigwira ntchito molimbika ndi kupanga kutentha kwambiri asanazindikire kuti akufunika kusintha magudumu.
Zoonadi, ngati ogwira ntchito sanaphunzitsidwe bwino, ngakhale ali ndi zida zabwino kwambiri, izi zowonongeka zowonongeka zimatha kuchitika, makamaka pokhudzana ndi kukakamizidwa komwe amaika pa workpiece.Mchitidwe wabwino kwambiri ndi kuyandikira pafupi ndi chiwerengero chamakono cha chopukusira.
Kugwiritsira ntchito ammeter kungathandize kuti ntchito yogaya ikhale yofanana ngati wopanga akupanga zitsulo zambiri zosapanga dzimbiri zamtengo wapatali.Zoonadi, ntchito zochepa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwenikweni zimagwiritsa ntchito ammeter nthawi zonse, kotero kuti kubetcha kwanu bwino ndikumvetsera mosamala.Ngati wogwira ntchitoyo akumva ndikumva kuti RPM ikugwa mofulumira, akhoza kukankhira mwamphamvu kwambiri.
Kumvetsera kukhudza komwe kumakhala kowala kwambiri (ie kupanikizika kochepa kwambiri) kungakhale kovuta, kotero pamenepa, kutchera khutu ku kutuluka kwa spark kungathandize.Kugaya zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kudzatulutsa mdima wandiweyani kuposa zitsulo za carbon, koma ziyenera kuwonekabe ndikutuluka kuchokera kumalo ogwirira ntchito mokhazikika.
Ogwira ntchito amafunikanso kukhala ndi ngodya yokhazikika yogwirira ntchito. Ngati ayandikira chogwiritsira ntchito pafupi ndi lathyathyathya (pafupifupi kufanana ndi workpiece), angayambitse kutentha kwakukulu; ngati ayandikira pa ngodya yomwe ili yokwera kwambiri (pafupifupi yowongoka), amatha kukumba m'mphepete mwa gudumu muzitsulo.
Mawilo opera amtundu wa 28 (tapered) amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogaya pamalo athyathyathya kuti achotse zinthu panjira zokulirapo. Mawilo opindikawa amagwiranso ntchito bwino pamakona otsika (pafupifupi madigiri 5), kotero amathandizira kuchepetsa kutopa kwa oyendetsa.
Izi zimabweretsa chinthu china chofunika kwambiri: kusankha mtundu woyenera wa gudumu lopera.Gudumu la mtundu wa 27 lili ndi malo okhudzana ndi zitsulo; gudumu la Type 28 lili ndi mzere wolumikizana chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake owoneka bwino; gudumu la Type 29 lili ndi malo olumikizirana.
Mawilo odziwika kwambiri a Type 27 amatha kugwira ntchitoyo m'mapulogalamu ambiri, koma mawonekedwe awo amapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kunyamula magawo okhala ndi mbiri yakuya ndi ma curve, monga machubu achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. nthawi yambiri ikupera pa malo aliwonse - njira yabwino yochepetsera kutentha kwa kutentha.
Ndipotu, izi zimagwira ntchito pa gudumu lililonse lopera.Pamene akupera, woyendetsa sayenera kukhala pamalo omwewo kwa nthawi yaitali.Tiyerekeze kuti woyendetsa akuchotsa zitsulo kuchokera ku fillet mamita angapo kutalika.Akhoza kuyendetsa gudumu mwachidule mmwamba ndi pansi, koma kutero kungathe kutenthetsa workpiece chifukwa amasunga gudumu m'dera laling'ono kwa nthawi yaitali. chida (kupereka workpiece nthawi kuziziritsa) ndi kudutsa workpiece mu njira yomweyo pafupi ndi chala chala.Njira zina zimagwira ntchito, koma onse ali ndi chinthu chimodzi chofanana: amapewa kutenthedwa ndi kusunga gudumu lopera.
Njira zogwiritsira ntchito "makhadi" omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri amathandizanso kuti akwaniritse izi.Tiyerekeze kuti wogwiritsa ntchitoyo akupera matako weld mu malo athyathyathya.Kuti achepetse kupsinjika kwa kutentha ndi kukumba mopitirira muyeso, adapewa kukankhira chopukusira pamodzi ndi mgwirizano.M'malo mwake, amayamba kumapeto ndikukoka chopukusira pamodzi ndi chopukusira.Izi zimalepheretsanso gudumu kukumba kwambiri pazinthuzo.
Zoonadi, njira iliyonse imatha kutenthetsa chitsulo ngati woyendetsayo akupita pang'onopang'ono.Pitani pang'onopang'ono ndipo wogwiritsa ntchitoyo adzawotcha workpiece; kupita mofulumira kwambiri ndipo kugaya kungatenge nthawi yaitali.Kupeza malo okoma a feedrate nthawi zambiri kumafuna chidziwitso.Koma ngati wogwiritsa ntchito sakudziwa bwino ntchitoyo, akhoza kugaya zidutswazo kuti apeze "kumverera" kwa mlingo woyenera wa chakudya cha workpiece yomwe ili pafupi.
Njira yomaliza imayenderana ndi momwe zinthu zilili pamwamba pa zinthuzo pamene zikufika ndikuchoka ku dipatimenti yomaliza. Dziwani malo oyambira (mawonekedwe a pamwamba omwe alandiridwa) ndi mapeto (kumaliza kumafunika), kenaka pangani ndondomeko kuti mupeze njira yabwino pakati pa mfundo ziwirizo.
Nthawi zambiri njira yabwino kwambiri siyambira ndi abrasive yoopsa kwambiri. Izi zingamveke ngati zotsutsana. Kupatula apo, bwanji osayamba ndi mchenga wouma kuti upangike pamutu ndikupita kumchenga wabwino kwambiri?
Osati kwenikweni, izi zikugwirizananso ndi chikhalidwe cha kugundana. Pamene sitepe iliyonse ifika pa grit yaing'ono, chotsitsimutsa chimalowetsa zokopa zakuya ndi zokopa zozama kwambiri. Ngati ziyamba ndi sandpaper ya 40-grit kapena flip disk, iwo amasiya zing'onoting'ono zakuya pazitsulo. ndicho chifukwa chake zinthu zomaliza za 40 grit zimakhalapo.Komabe, ngati kasitomala apempha mapeto a No. osagwira ntchito, koma imayambitsanso kutentha kwambiri mu workpiece.
Zoonadi, kugwiritsa ntchito ma grit abrasives pazitsulo zowonongeka kungakhale pang'onopang'ono ndipo, pamodzi ndi njira zosauka, kumayambitsa kutentha kwakukulu.Apa ndipamene ma disc awiri-m'modzi kapena osasunthika angathandize.Ma discs awa amaphatikizapo nsalu zowonongeka pamodzi ndi zipangizo za mankhwala opangira mankhwala.
Chotsatira chomaliza chomaliza chingaphatikizepo kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopanda nsalu, zomwe zikuwonetseratu chinthu china chapadera cha kutsiriza: ndondomekoyi imagwira ntchito bwino ndi zida zamphamvu zosinthika-liwiro.Chopukusira chopukutira chamanja chomwe chimathamanga pa 10,000 RPM chingagwire ntchito ndi zofalitsa zina zogaya, koma zidzasungunula zina zopanda nsalu bwino.Pachifukwa ichi, omaliza amachepetsa liwiro mpaka pakati pa 0 ndi 60 RPM isanayambike pakati pa 0 ndi 60,000. Zoonadi, liwiro lenileni limadalira kugwiritsa ntchito ndi zogwiritsidwa ntchito.Mwachitsanzo, ng'oma zopanda nsalu nthawi zambiri zimazungulira pakati pa 3,000 ndi 4,000 RPM, pamene ma disks ochizira pamwamba nthawi zambiri amazungulira pakati pa 4,000 ndi 6,000 RPM.
Kukhala ndi zida zoyenera (zogaya zothamanga zosinthika, zomaliza zosiyanasiyana) ndikuzindikira kuchuluka kwa masitepe omwe amawonetsa njira yabwino kwambiri pakati pa zinthu zomwe zikubwera ndi zomalizidwa.Njira yeniyeni imasiyanasiyana malinga ndi ntchito, koma okonza odziwa bwino amatsatira njira iyi pogwiritsa ntchito njira zochepetsera zofanana.
Zodzigudubuza zopanda nsalu zimamaliza zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. Kuti amalize bwino komanso kuti azikhala ndi moyo wabwino kwambiri, zomaliza zosiyanasiyana zimayendera ma RPM osiyanasiyana.
Choyamba, amatenga nthawi yawo.Ngati awona chitsulo chochepa chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chikuwotcha, amasiya kumaliza m'dera limodzi ndikuyambanso kwina.Kapena angakhale akugwira ntchito ziwiri zosiyana panthawi imodzi.Amagwira ntchito pang'ono pa chimodzi ndiyeno china, ndikupatsanso nthawi ina kuti aziziritsa.
Pamene kupukuta kwa galasi mapeto, opukuta akhoza kuwoloka kupukuta ndi ng'oma kupukuta kapena kupukuta chimbale, m'njira perpendicular sitepe yapita. Mchenga kuunikira malo amene ayenera kusakaniza mu chitsanzo choyambirira zikande, komabe sadzapeza pamwamba pa galasi mapeto a No.
Kuti akwaniritse mapeto abwino, opanga amafunika kupereka omaliza ndi zida zoyenera, kuphatikizapo zida zenizeni ndi zofalitsa, komanso zida zoyankhulirana, monga kukhazikitsa zitsanzo zodziwika bwino kuti adziwe momwe mapeto ena ayenera kuwonekera.Zitsanzozi (zolembedwa pafupi ndi dipatimenti yomaliza, muzolemba zophunzitsira, ndi zolemba zogulitsa) zimathandiza kupeza aliyense pa tsamba lomwelo.
Ponena za zida zenizeni (kuphatikizapo zida zamagetsi ndi abrasive media), geometry ya zigawo zina zimatha kupereka zovuta ngakhale kwa ogwira ntchito odziwa zambiri mu dipatimenti yomaliza.Apa ndipamene zida zamakono zingathandize.
Tiyerekeze kuti wogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kumaliza chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chopyapyala chokhala ndi mipanda.Kugwiritsa ntchito ma flap discs kapena ng'oma kungayambitse mavuto, kumayambitsa kutenthedwa, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale kupanga malo athyathyathya pa chubu palokha. sunthani sander ya lamba kupita kudera lina kuti muchepetse kutentha kwambiri ndikupewa kuchita buluu.
Zomwezo zimagwiranso ntchito kwa zida zina zomalizirira. Ganizirani zalamba wa chala wopangidwira malo othina. Womaliza angagwiritse ntchito kutsatira fillet weld pakati pa matabwa awiri pa ngodya yayikulu. M'malo mosuntha lamba wa chala molunjika (monga ngati kutsuka mano), wovala amachisuntha mopingasa motsatira chala chakumtunda cha chala chake, kenako ndikupangitsa kuti chala chikhale chotsetsereka, kenako ndikupangitsa kuti chala chikhale chonyowa. motalika kwambiri .
Kuwotcherera, kugaya ndi kumaliza chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kumabweretsa vuto lina: kuonetsetsa kuti pachitika zosokoneza. Pambuyo pa zosokoneza zonsezi pamwamba pa zinthu, kodi pali zotsalira zilizonse zomwe zingalepheretse wosanjikiza wa chromium wa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kuti asapangike mwachilengedwe pamtunda wonse?
Electrochemical kuyeretsa kungathandize kuchotsa zoipitsidwa kuti zitsimikizire passivation yoyenera, koma kuyeretsa uku kuchitidwa liti? Zimatengera kugwiritsa ntchito.Ngati opanga akupanga zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kuti alimbikitse passivation yonse, nthawi zambiri amatero atangotha ​​kuwotcherera.Kulephera kutero kumatanthauza kuti kumaliza sing'anga kumatha kunyamula zodetsa zapamtunda kuchokera ku workpiece ndikuzifalitsa kwina kulikonse. zosapanga dzimbiri zisanachoke pafakitale.
Tiyerekeze kuti wopanga amawotchera chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chovuta kwambiri pamakampani a nyukiliya. Katswiri wowotcherera mpweya wa tungsten arc amayala msoko wowoneka bwino. burashi yomaliza yokhala ndi electrochemical cleaning system.Atakhala kwa tsiku limodzi kapena awiri, gwiritsani ntchito chipangizo choyesera cham'manja kuti muyese gawo la passivation yoyenera.Zotsatira, zolembedwa ndi kusungidwa ndi ntchitoyo, zimasonyeza kuti gawolo linali litadutsa kale asanachoke ku fakitale.
M'mafakitale ambiri opanga, kupukuta, kumalizitsa ndi kuyeretsa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kumachitika pansi pamtsinje.
Zigawo zomalizidwa molakwika zimapanga zina mwazitsulo zamtengo wapatali ndi kukonzanso, choncho n'zomveka kuti opanga ayang'anenso m'madipatimenti awo akupera ndi kumaliza.Kupititsa patsogolo kugaya ndi kutsiriza kumathandiza kuchepetsa mavuto aakulu, kupititsa patsogolo khalidwe, kuthetsa mutu, ndipo chofunika kwambiri, kuwonjezera kukhutira kwa makasitomala.
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