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Ihindagurika kandi ikungahaye ku binyabuzima, asteroide yo mu bwoko bwa C irashobora kuba imwe mu masoko y'amazi ku isi.Kugeza ubu, chondrite itwara karubone itanga igitekerezo cyiza cyimiterere yabyo, ariko amakuru ajyanye na meteorite aragoretse: gusa ubwoko buramba cyane burarokoka bwinjira mukirere hanyuma bugahuza nibidukikije byisi.Hano turerekana ibisubizo byubushakashatsi burambuye bwa volumetric na microanalytique yubushakashatsi bwibanze bwa Ryugu bwagejejwe ku isi n’icyogajuru cya Hayabusa-2.Ibice bya Ryugu byerekana isano iri hafi yibigize imiti itavanze ariko yahinduwe na CI (ubwoko bwa Iwuna) ya chondrite, ikoreshwa cyane nkikimenyetso cyerekana imiterere rusange yizuba.Uru rugero rwerekana isano iri hagati y’ibinyabuzima bikungahaye kuri alifatique na silikatike kandi byerekana ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwa 30 ° C mugihe cy'isuri.Twabonye ubwinshi bwa deuterium na diazonium bihuye ninkomoko idasanzwe.Ibice bya Ryugu nibintu bidahumanye kandi bitandukanijwe nibintu byabanyamahanga bigeze biga kandi bihuye neza nibice byose bigize izuba.
Kuva muri Kamena 2018 kugeza Ugushyingo 2019, icyogajuru cyo mu kirere cy’Ubuyapani gishinzwe ubushakashatsi mu kirere (JAXA) Hayabusa2 cyakoze ubushakashatsi bwimbitse kuri asteroide Ryugu.Imibare yaturutse hafi ya Infrared Spectrometer (NIRS3) kuri Hayabusa-2 yerekana ko Ryugu ishobora kuba igizwe nibintu bisa nubushyuhe na / cyangwa shokora-metamorphic karubone ya chondrite.Umukino wegereye cyane ni CY chondrite (ubwoko bwa Yamato) 2. Albedo yo hasi ya Ryugu irashobora gusobanurwa no kuba hari umubare munini wibigize karubone, hamwe nubunini buke, ububobere, ningaruka ziterwa nikirere.Icyogajuru cya Hayabusa-2 cyakoze indege ebyiri hamwe nicyegeranyo cyicyitegererezo kuri Ryuga.Mugihe cyo kugwa bwa mbere ku ya 21 Gashyantare 2019, habonetse ibikoresho byo hejuru, byabitswe mu gice cya A cya capsule yagarutse, kandi mu gihe cyo kugwa kwa kabiri ku ya 11 Nyakanga 2019, ibikoresho byakusanyirijwe hafi y’urwobo rw’ubukorikori rwakozwe n’ingaruka ntoya ishobora kugenda.Izi ngero zibitswe muri Ward C. Mu ntangiriro kutangiza kwangiza ibice biri mu cyiciro cya 1 mu byumba byihariye, bitanduye kandi byuzuye byuzuye azote mu bigo bicungwa na JAXA byerekanaga ko uduce twa Ryugu twasaga cyane na chondrite ya CI4 kandi twerekanaga “urwego rutandukanye rwo gutandukana” 3.Ibyiciro bisa nkaho bivuguruzanya bya Ryugu, bisa na CY cyangwa CI chondrite, birashobora gukemurwa gusa na isotopic irambuye, ibanze, na minerogique iranga uduce twa Ryugu.Ibisubizo byatanzwe hano biratanga urufatiro rukomeye rwo kumenya kimwe muri ibyo bisobanuro byombi byibanze ku miterere rusange ya asteroide Ryugu bishoboka cyane.
Pellet umunani Ryugu (hafi 60mg zose hamwe), bane bo mu rugereko A na bane bo mu rugereko C, bashinzwe icyiciro cya 2 cyo kuyobora ikipe ya Kochi.Intego nyamukuru yubushakashatsi nugusobanura imiterere, inkomoko namateka yubwihindurize ya asteroide Ryugu, no kwandika inyandiko zisa n’ibitandukanyirizo hamwe nizindi ngero zizwi ku isi nka chondrite, uduce duto duto duto duto (IDP) hamwe n’inyenyeri zigaruka.Ingero zegeranijwe nubutumwa bwa NASA bwa Stardust.
Isesengura rirambuye ryerekeye ibinyampeke bitanu bya Ryugu (A0029, A0037, C0009, C0014 na C0068) ryerekanye ko bigizwe ahanini na phyllosilicates nziza (~ 64-88 vol.%; Ishusho 1a, b, Ishusho yinyongera).n'imbonerahamwe y'inyongera 1).Phyllosilicates yuzuye ibinyampeke bibaho nka pinnate agregate (kugeza kuri microni icumi mubunini) muri matriche nziza, ikungahaye kuri phyllosilike (munsi ya microne nkeya mubunini).Uduce duto twa silikatike ni inzoka - saponite symbionts (Ishusho 1c).Ikarita ya (Si + Al) -Mg-Fe irerekana kandi ko matrike ya silikatike igizwe na sisitemu ifite intera iri hagati yinzoka na saponite (Ishusho 2a, b).Matrix ya phyllosilike irimo imyunyu ngugu ya karubone (~ 2-21 vol.%), Amabuye y'agaciro ya sulfide (~ 2.4-5.5 vol.%), Na magnetite (~ 3.6-6.8 vol.%).Kimwe mu bice byasuzumwe muri ubu bushakashatsi (C0009) cyarimo urugero ruto (~ 0.5 vol.Iyi silicike ya anhydrous ntisanzwe muri pellet ya Ryugu kandi yamenyekanye neza muri pellet ya C0009.Carbone iboneka muri matrix nkibice (munsi ya microne magana make), cyane cyane dolomite, hamwe na karubone nkeya ya calcium na brinell.Magnetite ibaho nkibice byitaruye, framboide, plaque, cyangwa igiteranyo.Sulfide igaragazwa cyane na pyrrhotite muburyo bwa prism idasanzwe ya plaque / plaque cyangwa laths.Matrix irimo ubwinshi bwa submicron pentlandite cyangwa ifatanije na pyrrhotite. Ibyiciro bikungahaye kuri karubone (<10 µm mubunini) bibaho hose muri matrise ikungahaye kuri phyllosilicate. Ibyiciro bikungahaye kuri karubone (<10 µm mubunini) bibaho hose muri matrise ikungahaye kuri phyllosilicate. Богтыты углеродом фазы (размером <10 мкм) встречаются повсеместно в божой ф фососиликатами матрице. Ibyiciro bikungahaye kuri karubone (<10 µm mubunini) bibaho hose muri matrise ikungahaye kuri phyllosilicate.富含 碳 的 相 （尺寸 <10 µm） 普遍存在 于 富含 层状 硅酸盐 的 基质 中。富含 碳 的 相 （尺寸 <10 µm） 普遍存在 于 富含 层状 硅酸盐 的 基质 中。 Богтыты углеродом фазы (размером <10 мкм) преобладают в буйой ф фососиликатами матрице. Ibyiciro bikungahaye kuri karubone (<10 µm mubunini) byiganje muri matrise ikungahaye kuri phyllosilicate.Andi mabuye y'inyongera yerekanwa mu mbonerahamwe y'inyongera 1. Urutonde rw'amabuye y'agaciro yagenwe uhereye ku buryo bwo gutandukanya X-ray yo kuvanga C0087 na A0029 na A0037 bivanze bihuye cyane nibyo byemejwe muri chondrite ya CI (Orgueil), ariko bitandukanye cyane na chondrite ya CY na CM (Ubwoko bwa Mighei).Ibintu byose bigize ibinyampeke bya Ryugu (A0098, C0068) nabyo bihuye na chondrite 6 CI (amakuru yaguwe, Ishusho 2 na Imbonerahamwe 2).Ibinyuranye, chondrite ya CM yagabanutse mubintu bitagereranywa kandi bihindagurika cyane, cyane cyane Mn na Zn, kandi hejuru mubintu byangiritse7.Ubwinshi bwibintu bimwe buratandukanye cyane, bushobora kuba uburyo bwo kwerekana imiterere itandukanye ya sample bitewe nubunini buto bwibice byihariye hamwe nibisubizo bibogamye.Ibiranga petrologiya, minervalike nibintu byibanze byerekana ko ibinyampeke bya Ryugu bisa cyane na chondrite CI8,9,10.Ikintu kidasanzwe kigaragara ni ukubura ferrihydrite na sulfate mu ngano za Ryugu, byerekana ko ayo mabuye y'agaciro muri CI chondrite yakozwe n'ikirere cyo ku isi.
a, Igizwe na X-ray ishusho ya Mg Kα (umutuku), Ca Kα (icyatsi), Fe Kα (ubururu), na S Kα (umuhondo) yumye yumye igice C0068.Igice kigizwe na silicates igizwe (umutuku: ~ 88 vol%), karubone (dolomite; icyatsi kibisi: ~ 1,6 vol%), magnetite (ubururu: ~ 5.3 vol%) na sulfide (umuhondo: sulfide = ~ 2,5% vol. Inyandiko. C.
Ibigize matrix na silikatike itondekanye (kuri%) ya Ryugu A0037 (inziga zitukura zikomeye) na C0068 (inziga zikomeye z'ubururu) zerekanwa muri sisitemu ya (Si + Al) -Mg-Fe.a, Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA) ibisubizo byateguwe kurwanya CI chondrite (Ivuna, Orgueil, Alais) 16 yerekanwe kumvi kugirango ugereranye.b, Gusikana TEM (STEM) hamwe no gukwirakwiza ingufu za X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) yerekanwe kugereranya na meteorite ya Orgueil9 na Murchison46 hamwe na IDP47.Hasesenguwe ingano nziza kandi yuzuye ingano ya phyllosilicates, irinda uduce duto twa sulfide.Imirongo yerekana utudomo muri a na b yerekana imirongo yo gusesa saponite na inzoka.Ibikoresho bikungahaye kuri fer muri a birashobora guterwa nintete za sulfide fer sulfide iri mu ngano ya silikatike itunganijwe, idashobora gukurwaho n’imiterere y’isesengura rya EPMA.Ingingo zamakuru zifite Si nyinshi kurenza saponite muri b zishobora guterwa no kuba hari nanosize amorphous silicon ikungahaye kuri interstices ya phyllosilicate.Umubare w'isesengura: N = 69 kuri A0037, N = 68 kuri EPMA, N = 68 kuri C0068, N = 19 kuri A0037 na N = 27 kuri C0068 kuri STEM-EDS.c, ikarita ya isotope ya trioxy ya Ryugu C0014-4 ugereranije nagaciro ka chondrite CI (Orgueil), CY (Y-82162) hamwe namakuru yubuvanganzo (CM na C2-ung) 41,48,49.Twabonye amakuru ya meteorite ya Orgueil na Y-82162.CCAM ni umurongo wa minhide ya karubone ya chondrite, TFL numurongo ugabanya ubutaka.d, Δ17O na δ18O amakarita ya Ryugu agace C0014-4, CI chondrite (Orgueil), na CY chondrite (Y-82162) (ubu bushakashatsi).Δ17O_Ryugu: Agaciro ka Δ17O C0014-1.Δ17O_Orgueil: Impuzandengo Δ17O agaciro kuri Orgueil.Δ17O_Y-82162: Impuzandengo Δ17O agaciro kuri Y-82162.CI na CY amakuru yo mubitabo 41, 48, 49 nayo yerekanwe kubigereranya.
Isesengura rusange rya isotope ya ogisijeni ryakozwe kuri 1.83 mg icyitegererezo cyibikoresho byakuwe muri granular C0014 na fluor ya laser (Methods).Kugereranya, twakoresheje kopi ndwi za Orgueil (CI) (misa yose = 8,96 mg) na kopi zirindwi za Y-82162 (CY) (misa yose = 5.11 mg) (Imbonerahamwe yinyongera 3).
Ku mutini.2d yerekana gutandukanya neza Δ17O na δ18O hagati yuburemere buringaniye bwa Orgueil na Ryugu ugereranije na Y-82162.Δ17O ya Ryugu C0014-4 irarenze iy'igice cya Orgeil, nubwo ihuzagurika kuri 2 sd.Ibice bya Ryugu bifite agaciro ka Δ17O ugereranije na Orgeil, ishobora kwerekana umwanda w’isi kuva yagwa mu 1864. Ikirere cy’ibidukikije ku isi11 byanze bikunze bivamo kwinjiza ogisijeni yo mu kirere, bigatuma isesengura rusange ryegereza umurongo ugabanywa ku isi (TFL).Uyu mwanzuro urahuye namakuru yubucukuzi (byavuzwe mbere) ko ibinyampeke bya Ryugu bitarimo hydrat cyangwa sulfate, mugihe Orgeil ibikora.
Ukurikije imibare yavuzwe haruguru, ibisubizo bishyigikira ishyirahamwe hagati yintete za Ryugu na CI chondrite, ariko birinda ishyirahamwe rya chondrite CY.Kuba ibinyampeke bya Ryugu bitajyanye na CY chondrite, byerekana ibimenyetso bigaragara byerekana imyunyu ngugu, biratera urujijo.Orbital kwitegereza Ryugu bigaragara ko byerekana ko yatewe umwuma bityo bikaba bishoboka ko igizwe nibikoresho bya CY.Impamvu z'iri tandukaniro zigaragara ntizisobanutse neza.Isesengura rya ogisijeni isotope y’ibindi bice bya Ryugu bitangwa mu mpapuro ziherekeza 12. Ariko, ibisubizo by’aya makuru yagutse byashyizweho kandi bihuza isano iri hagati y’ibice bya Ryugu na CI chondrite.
Twifashishije uburyo bwo gusesengura mikorobe (Isanamu y'inyongera 3), twasuzumye ikwirakwizwa rya karubone kama ahantu hose hejuru yubuso bwibice bya ion beam (FIB) C0068.25 (Ishusho 3a - f).Imiterere myiza X-ray yakira ya karubone (NEXAFS) kumpera yegereye igice C0068.25 yerekana amatsinda menshi akora - aromatic cyangwa C = C (285.2 eV), C = O (286.5 eV), CH (287.5 eV) na C (= O) O (288.8 eV) - imiterere ya graphene idahari kuri 291.7 eV.Impinga ikomeye ya CH (287.5 eV) yibinyabuzima igice cya C0068.25 itandukanye nibinyabuzima bidashobora gukomera bya chondrite ya karubone mbere yize kandi birasa cyane na IDP14 hamwe nuduce twinshi twabonye mubutumwa bwa Stardust.Impinga ikomeye ya CH kuri 287.5 eV hamwe nimpumuro nziza cyane cyangwa impumuro nziza ya C = C kuri 285.2 eV yerekana ko ibinyabuzima kama bikungahaye kuri alifatique (Ishusho 3a nigishushanyo cya 3a).Uturere dukungahaye kuri alifatique organic organique iba muri phyllosilicates yuzuye ingano, ndetse no mubice bifite imiterere ya karubone idahumura neza (cyangwa C = C) (Ishusho 3c, d).Ibinyuranye, A0037.22 (Igishushanyo cy'inyongera 3) yerekanye igice cyo hasi yibice bikungahaye kuri karubone.Imyunyu ngugu ishingiye kuri izo ngano ikungahaye kuri karubone, isa na chondrite CI 16, byerekana ko hahinduwe amazi menshi (Imbonerahamwe y'inyongera 1).Oxidizing imiterere izafasha cyane ya carboneyl na carboxyl mumikorere yibikorwa bya karubone.Ikwirakwizwa rya submicron ryibinyabuzima hamwe na alifatique ya karubone irashobora gutandukana cyane no gukwirakwiza silicates yuzuye ingano.Ibimenyetso by’ibinyabuzima bya alifatique bifitanye isano na phyllosilicate-OH byabonetse muri meteorite yikiyaga cya Tagish.Imikoreshereze ya microanalytique yerekana ko ibinyabuzima bikungahaye kuri alifatique bishobora gukwirakwira muri asteroide yo mu bwoko bwa C kandi bifitanye isano rya hafi na phyllosilicates.Uyu mwanzuro urahuye na raporo zabanjirije za CHs ya alifatique / aromatic CHs mu bice bya Ryugu byerekanwe na MicroOmega, microscope yegeranye cyane na infragre.Ikibazo cyingenzi kandi kidakemuwe ni ukumenya niba imiterere yihariye ya alifatique karubone ikungahaye ku binyabuzima kama ifitanye isano na phyllosilicates yuzuye ingano igaragara muri ubu bushakashatsi iboneka kuri asteroide Ryugu gusa.
a, NEXAFS ya karubone yerekanwe mubisanzwe kuri 292 eV mukarere gakize ka Aromatic (C = C) mukarere (umutuku), mukarere gakize ka alifatique (icyatsi), no muri matrix (ubururu).Umurongo wijimye ni Murchison 13 idashobora gukama ibinyabuzima byo kugereranya.au, ishami ry'ubukemurampaka.b, Gusikana kwanduza X-ray microscopi (STXM) ishusho yerekana ishusho ya karubone K-yerekana ko igice cyiganjemo karubone.c, RGB ikomatanya hamwe na aromatic (C = C) uturere dukize (umutuku), uturere dukize alifatique (icyatsi), na matrix (ubururu).d, ibinyabuzima bikungahaye kuri alifatique yibanda cyane kuri phyllosilicate yuzuye ingano, agace kagutse kuva mumasanduku yera yera muri b na c.e, nanosifera nini (ng-1) mukarere kagutse kuva kumasanduku yera yera muri b na c.Kuri: pyrrhotite.Pn: nikel-chromite.f.
Ubushakashatsi bwa Kinetic yerekeye kwangirika kw'ibinyabuzima muri meteorite ya Murchison birashobora gutanga amakuru yingenzi kubyerekeranye no gukwirakwiza amoko y’ibinyabuzima bya alifatique bikungahaye ku binyampeke bya Ryugu.Ubu bushakashatsi bwerekana ko imigozi ya alifatique ya CH mu bintu kama ikomeza kugera ku bushyuhe ntarengwa bwa 30 ° C ku babyeyi na / cyangwa guhinduka hamwe nubushuhe bwigihe (urugero: imyaka 200 kuri 100 ° C na 0 ° C imyaka miriyoni 100)..Niba prursor idashyutswe ku bushyuhe bwatanzwe mugihe kirenze igihe runaka, ikwirakwizwa ryambere ryibinyabuzima bya alifatique rikungahaye kuri phyllosilike rishobora kubikwa.Ariko rero, inkomoko y’amazi y’amazi arashobora kugora ubu busobanuro, kubera ko A0037 ikungahaye kuri karubone itagaragaza uturere twinshi dukungahaye kuri karubone ifitanye isano na phyllosilicates.Ihinduka ry'ubushyuhe buke rihuye hafi no kuba cubic feldspar mu ngano za Ryugu (Imbonerahamwe y'inyongera 1) 20.
Igice C0068.25 (ng-1; Igishushanyo cya 3a - c, e) kirimo nanosikori nini yerekana impumuro nziza cyane (cyangwa C = C), alifatique igereranije, kandi idafite imbaraga za C (= O) O na C = O..Umukono wa karubone ya alifatique ntabwo ihuye n'umukono wibinyabuzima byinshi bitangirika hamwe na nanosifike kama ifitanye isano na chondrite (Ishusho 3a) 17,21.Isesengura rya Raman hamwe na infragre ya sprosroscopique yerekeye nanosfera mu kiyaga cya Tagish ryerekanye ko bigizwe na alifatique na okiside ya organic organique hamwe na polycyclic aromatic organic organic organique ifite imiterere igoye22,23.Kuberako matrix ikikije irimo ibinyabuzima bikungahaye kuri alifatique, umukono wa karubone ya alifatique muri ng-1 irashobora kuba ibihangano byisesengura.Igishimishije, ng-1 irimo silicates ya amorphous yashyizwemo (Igishusho 3e), imiterere itaramenyeshwa ibinyabuzima byo ku isi.Amorphous silicates irashobora kuba ibintu bisanzwe bya ng-1 cyangwa biva muri amorphisation ya silicate y'amazi / anhydrous na ion na / cyangwa urumuri rwa electron mugihe cyo gusesengura.
Amashusho ya NanoSIMS ion yo mu gice cya C0068.25 (Igishusho 3f) yerekana impinduka imwe muri δ13C na δ15N, usibye ibinyampeke bya presolar hamwe na 13C ikungahaye kuri 30.811 ‰ (PG-1 mu ishusho ya δ13C ku gishushanyo cya 3f) (Imbonerahamwe 4).Amashusho yintete yibanze ya X-yerekana amashusho menshi ya TEM yerekana gusa imyuka ya karubone nintera iri hagati yindege shingiro ya 0.3 nm, ihuye na grafite.Birashimishije kubona indangagaciro za δD (841 ± 394 ‰) na δ15N (169 ± 95 ‰), zikungahaye ku binyabuzima bya alifatique bifitanye isano na phyllosilicates yuzuye intete, usanga ari hejuru gato ugereranyije n’akarere kose C (δD = 528 ± 139 ‰).‰, δ15N = 67 ± 15 ‰) muri C0068.25 (Imbonerahamwe y'inyongera 4).Ubu bushakashatsi bwerekana ko ibinyabuzima bikungahaye kuri alifatique muri phyllosilicates zifite ingano nini zishobora kuba umwimerere kuruta ibinyabuzima bikikije, kubera ko aba nyuma bashobora kuba barahinduye isotopi hamwe n’amazi akikije umubiri w’umwimerere.Ubundi, izi mpinduka za isotopic zirashobora kandi kuba zifitanye isano nuburyo bwambere bwo gushinga.Byasobanuwe ko silicates zifite ingano nziza muri CI chondrite zakozwe bitewe no guhora uhinduranya umwimerere wa clasike ya anhydrous silicatike.Ibinyabuzima bikungahaye kuri Alifatique bishobora kuba byarakozwe muri molekile ya preursor muri disiki ya protoplanetary cyangwa interstellar hagati mbere yuko habaho izuba, hanyuma bigahinduka gato mugihe cyo guhindura amazi kumubiri wumubyeyi wa Ryugu (munini). Ingano (<1.0 km) ya Ryugu ni nto cyane kuburyo idashobora gukomeza ubushyuhe bwimbere kugirango ihindure amazi kugirango ibe minerval hydrous25. Ingano (<1.0 km) ya Ryugu ni nto cyane kuburyo itagumana ubushyuhe bwimbere bwimbere kugirango ihindure amazi kugirango ibe minerval hydrous25. Размер. Ingano (<1.0 km) Ryugu ni nto cyane kugirango igumane ubushyuhe bwimbere kugirango ihindure amazi kugirango ibe minerval yamazi25. Ryugu 的 尺寸 （<1.0 公里） 太小 ， 不足以 维持 内部 热量 以 进行 蚀变 形成 含水 矿物 25。 Ryugu 的 尺寸 （<1.0 公里） 太小 ， 不足以 维持 内部 热量 以 进行 蚀变 形成 含水 矿物 25。 Размер Рюгу (<1,0 км) слишком мал, ч ч поддерживать внутреннее тепло для изменения воды с обованием водных минералов25. Ingano ya Ryugu (<1.0 km) ni nto cyane kuburyo idashobora gushyigikira ubushyuhe bwimbere kugirango ihindure amazi kugirango ibe minerval yamazi25.Kubwibyo, Ryugu ababanjirije kilometero icumi mubunini barashobora gukenerwa.Ibintu kama bikungahaye kuri alifatique bishobora kugumana ibipimo byumwimerere bya isotope kubera gufatanya na phyllosilicates yuzuye ibinyampeke.Nyamara, imiterere nyayo yabatwara isotopi iremereye ntikizwi neza kubera kuvanga ibintu byoroshye kandi byoroshye kuvanga ibice bitandukanye muribi bice bya FIB.Ibi birashobora kuba ibintu kama bikungahaye kuri alifatique muri Ryugu granules cyangwa phyllosilicates ikikijwe.Menya ko ibintu kama hafi ya chondrite ya karubone hafi ya yose (harimo na CI chondrite) ikunda kuba ikungahaye muri D kuruta muri phyllosilicates, usibye CM Paris 24, 26 meteorite.
Ibibanza by'ubunini δD na δ15N by'ibice bya FIB byabonetse kuri A0002.23 na A0002.26, A0037.22 na A0037.23 na C0068.23, C0068.25 na C0068.26 Ibice bya FIB (byose hamwe birindwi bya FIB biva mubice bitatu bya Ryugu) Kugereranya na NanoSIMS hamwe nibindi bintu bigize sisitemu yizuba.4 (Imbonerahamwe y'inyongera 4) 27,28.Impinduka zingana muri δD na δ15N mumwirondoro wa A0002, A0037, na C0068 zihuye nizo muri IDP, ariko zisumba iziri muri chondrite ya CM na CI (Ishusho 4).Menya ko urutonde rwagaciro ka δD kuri Comet 29 sample (-240 kugeza 1655 ‰) nini kuruta iya Ryugu.Umubumbe δD na δ15N byerekana imyirondoro ya Ryukyu ni, nk'itegeko, ntoya ugereranije n'ikigereranyo cya comet z'umuryango wa Jupiter hamwe n'igicu cya Oort (Ishusho 4).Indangagaciro ya δD ya CI chondrite irashobora kwerekana ingaruka zanduye kwisi muri izi ngero.Urebye isano iri hagati ya Bells, Ikiyaga cya Tagish, na IDP, ubutumburuke bunini mu ndangagaciro za δD na δN mu bice bya Ryugu bishobora kwerekana impinduka mu mukono wa mbere wa isotopique w’imiterere y’ibinyabuzima n’amazi mu zuba ryambere.Impinduka zisa na isotopic muri δD na δN muri Ryugu na IDP zerekana ko byombi byashoboraga kuba byarakozwe mubintu biva ahantu hamwe.Byizerwa ko abimuwe bakomoka kumasoko 14.Kubwibyo, Ryugu irashobora kuba irimo ibintu bisa na comet na / cyangwa byibuze sisitemu yizuba.Ariko, ibi birashobora kuba bigoye kuruta uko tubivuga hano kubera (1) kuvanga amazi ya spherulitike na D akungahaye kumubiri wababyeyi 31 na (2) igipimo cya comet ya D / H nkigikorwa cyibikorwa byamafaranga 32.Nyamara, impamvu zituma habaho itandukaniro rya hydrogène na azote ya azote mu bice bya Ryugu ntabwo byumvikana neza, igice bitewe numubare muto wisesengura uboneka muri iki gihe.Ibisubizo bya sisitemu ya hydrogène na azote isotope iracyazamura bishoboka ko Ryugu irimo ibintu byinshi biva hanze ya Solar System bityo bikaba bishobora kwerekana bimwe bisa na comet.Umwirondoro wa Ryugu werekanye ko nta sano rigaragara riri hagati ya δ13C na δ15N (Imbonerahamwe y'inyongera 4).
Muri rusange H na N isotopic igizwe nibice bya Ryugu (umuzenguruko utukura: A0002, A0037; inziga z'ubururu: C0068) bifitanye isano n'izuba rya 27, Jupiter bivuga umuryango (JFC27), hamwe na Oort comet comets (OCC27), IDP28, na chondrules ya karubone.Kugereranya meteorite 27 (CI, CM, CR, C2-ung).Ibigize isotopic bitangwa mu mbonerahamwe yinyongera 4. Imirongo yerekana utudomo ni indangagaciro ya isotope yo ku isi kuri H na N.
Gutwara ibinyabuzima (urugero nk'ibinyabuzima n’amazi) ku isi bikomeje kuba impungenge 26,27,33.Submicron organic organique ifitanye isano na phyllosilicates yuzuye muri Ryugu ibice byagaragaye muri ubu bushakashatsi birashobora kuba isoko yingenzi y’ibinyabuzima.Ibintu kama muri phyllosilicates yuzuye ibinyampeke birinzwe neza kurinda kwangirika 16.34 no kubora35 kuruta ibintu kama muri matriche nziza.Ibice biremereye bya isotopi ya hydrogène mubice bivuze ko bidashoboka ko ari yo soko yonyine y’ibinyabuzima bijyana ku isi ya mbere.Zishobora kuvangwa nibice hamwe na hydrogène yoroheje ya isotopic, nkuko byavuzwe vuba aha muri hypothesis yo kuba hariho amazi atwarwa nizuba muri silicates.
Muri ubu bushakashatsi, twerekana ko meteorite ya CI, nubwo ifite akamaro ka geochemiki nkabahagarariye ibice byose bigize izuba, 6,10 nicyitegererezo cyanduye ku isi.Turatanga kandi ibimenyetso bitaziguye byerekana imikoranire hagati y’ibinyabuzima bikungahaye kuri alifatique n’amabuye y'agaciro aturanye ya hydrous kandi tunasaba ko Ryugu ishobora kuba irimo ibintu bidasanzwe37.Ibyavuye muri ubu bushakashatsi byerekana neza akamaro ko gutoranya protoasteroide mu buryo butaziguye no gukenera gutwara ingero zagarutse mu bihe bidafite inert na sterile.Ibimenyetso byatanzwe hano byerekana ko nta gushidikanya ko ibice bya Ryugu ari kimwe mu bikoresho by’izuba bitanduye cyane biboneka mu bushakashatsi bwa laboratoire, kandi ubushakashatsi bwimbitse kuri izo ngero z’agaciro ntagushidikanya ko buzagura imyumvire yacu ku bijyanye n’izuba rya kare.Ibice bya Ryugu nibyo byerekana neza imiterere rusange yizuba.
Kugirango tumenye microstructure igoye hamwe nubumara bwa chimique yubunini bwa submicron, twakoresheje imirasire ya synchrotron ishingiye kuri tomografiya yabazwe (SR-XCT) na SR X-ray itandukanya (XRD) -CT, FIB-STXM-NEXAFS-NanoSIMS-TEM isesengura.Nta kwangirika, umwanda bitewe nikirere cyisi, kandi nta byangiritse biturutse ku bice byiza cyangwa ingero za mashini.Hagati aho, twakoze isesengura rya volumetricike itunganijwe dukoresheje scanning electron microscopie (SEM) -EDS, EPMA, XRD, isesengura ryibikoresho bya neutron (INAA), hamwe nibikoresho bya fluor ya laser ogisijeni.Uburyo bwo gusuzuma bwerekanwe kumugereka wa 3 kandi buri cyegeranyo cyasobanuwe mubice bikurikira.
Ibice bya asteroide Ryugu byavanywe muri module ya Hayabusa-2 hanyuma bishyikirizwa ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura JAXA kiri i Sagamihara, mu Buyapani, bitanduye ikirere cy’isi4.Nyuma yambere kandi idasenya ibiranga ikigo cyayobowe na JAXA, koresha ibikoresho byoherejwe hagati yikibanza hamwe nudukapu twa capsule ntangarugero (mm 10 cyangwa 15 mm ya diametre safiro kristu hamwe nicyuma kitagira umwanda, bitewe nubunini bw'icyitegererezo) kugirango wirinde kwangiza ibidukikije.ibidukikije.y na / cyangwa umwanda wanduye (urugero: imyuka y'amazi, hydrocarbone, imyuka yo mu kirere hamwe nuduce twiza) hamwe no kwanduzanya hagati yintangarugero mugihe cyo gutegura no gutwara abantu hagati yikigo na kaminuza38.Kugira ngo wirinde kwangirika no guhumana bitewe n’imikoranire n’ikirere cy’isi (imyuka y’amazi na ogisijeni), ubwoko bwose bwo gutegura icyitegererezo (harimo gukata chisel ya tantalum, ukoresheje insinga ya diyama iringaniye (Meiwa Fose Corporation DWS 3400) no guca epoxy) kwitegura kwishyiriraho) byakorewe muri glovebox munsi yumye ya N2 (ikime: -80 kugeza kuri 60 ° C, O2).Ibintu byose bikoreshwa hano bisukurwa hamwe namazi ya ultrapure hamwe na Ethanol ukoresheje ultrasonic waves yumurongo utandukanye.
Hano twiga Ikigo cyigihugu gishinzwe ubushakashatsi bwa Polar (NIPR) icyegeranyo cya meteorite yikigo cyubushakashatsi bwa Antarctic Meteorite (CI: Orgueil, CM2.4: Yamato (Y) -791198, CY: Y-82162 na CY: Y 980115).
Kugirango twimure hagati yibikoresho bya SR-XCT, NanoSIMS, STXM-NEXAFS hamwe nisesengura rya TEM, twakoresheje icyitegererezo cya ultrathin rusange cyasobanuwe mubushakashatsi bwibanze38.
SR-XCT isesengura ryicyitegererezo cya Ryugu ryakozwe hakoreshejwe sisitemu ya CT ya BL20XU / SPring-8.Sisitemu ihuriweho na CT igizwe nuburyo butandukanye bwo gupima: umurima mugari wo kureba hamwe nuburyo buke (WL) uburyo bwo gufata imiterere yose yicyitegererezo, umurima muto wo kureba hamwe nuburyo bukomeye (NH) bwo gupima neza agace k'icyitegererezo.inyungu na radiografi kugirango ubone itandukaniro ryubunini bwikitegererezo, hanyuma ukore XRD-CT kugirango ubone igishushanyo cya 2D cyindege ya horizontal yibyiciro byicyitegererezo.Menya ko ibipimo byose bishobora gukorwa udakoresheje sisitemu yubatswe kugirango ikureho icyitegererezo ufata shingiro, cyemerera gupima neza CT na XRD-CT.Uburyo bwa WL bwerekana X-ray (BM AA40P; Hamamatsu Photonics) bwashyizwemo kamera 4608 × 4608 pigiseli yicyuma-oxyde-semiconductor (CMOS) kamera (C14120-20P; Hamamatsu Photonics) hamwe na scintillator igizwe na 10 lutetium aluminium garnet imwe ya kirisitu µm (Lu3A).Ingano ya pigiseli muburyo bwa WL ni 0.848 µm.Rero, umurima wo kureba (FOV) muburyo bwa WL ni mm 6 hafi ya offset ya CT.Icyuma cya NH cyerekana X-ray (BM AA50; Hamamatsu Photonics) cyashyizwemo garnet ya 20 µm yuburebure bwa gadolinium-aluminium-gallium (Gd3Al2Ga3O12), kamera ya CMOS (C11440-22CU) ifite ibyemezo bya 2048 × 2048;Hamamatsu Photonics) hamwe na lens 20.Ingano ya pigiseli muburyo bwa NH ni ~ 0,25 µm naho umurima wo kureba ni ~ 0.5 mm.Detector yuburyo bwa XRD (BM AA60; Hamamatsu Photonics) yari ifite ibikoresho bya scintillator bigizwe na 50 µm yuburebure bwa P43 (Gd2O2S: Tb), ifu ya 2304 × 2304 yerekana kamera ya CMOS (C15440-20UP; Photamics ya Hamamatsu).Deteter ifite ubunini bwa pigiseli ingana na 19.05 µm n'umwanya wo kureba 43.9 mm2.Kugirango twongere FOV, twakoresheje offset ya CT muburyo bwa WL.Ishusho yumucyo yoherejwe kugirango CT yongere kwiyubaka igizwe nishusho iri hagati ya 180 ° kugeza 360 ° igaragarira mu buryo butambitse hafi yizunguruka, hamwe nishusho iri hagati ya 0 ° na 180 °.
Muburyo bwa XRD, urumuri rwa X-rwibanze ku cyapa cya Fresnel.Muri ubu buryo, detector ishyirwa mm 110 inyuma yicyitegererezo naho guhagarara kumurongo ni mm 3 imbere ya detector.Amashusho atandukanya muri 2θ kuva kuri 1.43 ° kugeza 18.00 ° (gufata ikibanza d = 16.6–1.32 Å) byabonetse hamwe na X-ray yibanze hepfo yumurima wa detector.Icyitegererezo kigenda gihagaritse mugihe gisanzwe, hamwe na kimwe cya kabiri kuri buri cyerekezo cya scan intambwe.Niba imyunyu ngugu yujuje imiterere ya Bragg iyo izengurutswe na 180 °, birashoboka kubona itandukaniro ryimyunyu ngugu mu ndege itambitse.Amashusho yo gutandukanya noneho yahujwe mumashusho imwe kuri buri vertical scan intambwe.Imiterere ya SR-XRD-CT isa nkibiri kuri SR-XRD.Muburyo bwa XRD-CT, detector ihagaze mm 69 inyuma yicyitegererezo.Amashusho atandukanya murwego rwa 2θ aringaniye kuva kuri 1,2 ° kugeza kuri 17,68 ° (d = 19,73 kugeza kuri 1,35 Å), aho urumuri rwa X-ray na limite igabanya umurongo uhuza hagati yumurima wa detector.Sikana icyitegererezo gitambitse kandi uzenguruke icyitegererezo 180 °.Amashusho ya SR-XRD-CT yongeye kubakwa hamwe nimbaraga za minerval nkagaciro ka pigiseli.Hamwe na scanning ya horizontal, icyitegererezo gisikanwa muntambwe 500-1000.
Kubushakashatsi bwose, ingufu za X-ray zashyizwe kuri 30 keV, kubera ko iyi ari yo mipaka yo hasi ya X-ray yinjira muri meteorite ifite diameter ya mm 6.Umubare w'amashusho wabonye kubipimo byose bya CT mugihe cya 180 ° kuzunguruka byari 1800 (3600 kuri gahunda ya CT ya offset), naho igihe cyo kwerekana amashusho cyari ms 100 kuburyo bwa WL, ms 300 kuri NH, 500 ms kuri XRD, na ms 50.ms kuri XRD-CT ms.Ubusanzwe icyitegererezo cyo gusikana ni iminota 10 muburyo bwa WL, iminota 15 muburyo bwa NH, amasaha 3 kuri XRD, namasaha 8 kuri SR-XRD-CT.
Amashusho ya CT yongeye kubakwa na projection yinyuma hanyuma asanzwe kugirango coeffisente yumurongo uva kuri cm 0 kugeza 80 cm-1.Porogaramu ya Slice yakoreshejwe mu gusesengura amakuru ya 3D naho software ya muXRD yakoreshejwe mu gusesengura amakuru ya XRD.
Epoxy itunganijwe neza ya Ryugu (A0029, A0037, C0009, C0014 na C0068) yagiye isukurwa buhoro buhoro hejuru kugeza kurwego rwa 0.5 µm (3M) ya firime ya diyama mu bihe byumye, birinda ibikoresho guhura nubuso mugihe cyo gutunganya.Ubuso bunoze bwa buri cyitegererezo bwabanje gusuzumwa na microscopi yoroheje hanyuma nyuma ya elegitoronike isubira inyuma kugirango ibone minervalogi hamwe namashusho yimiterere (BSE) yicyitegererezo hamwe nibintu bya NIPR byujuje ubuziranenge ukoresheje JEOL JSM-7100F SEM ifite ibikoresho bikwirakwiza ingufu (AZtec).ingufu) ishusho.Kuri buri cyitegererezo, ibikubiye mubintu byingenzi na bito byasesenguwe hakoreshejwe microbelyser ya electron (EPMA, JEOL JXA-8200).Gisesengura ibice bya phyllosilike na karubone kuri 5 nA, ibipimo bisanzwe na sintetike kuri 15 keV, sulfide, magnetite, olivine, na pyroxene kuri 30 nA.Amanota yuburyo yabazwe uhereye ku ikarita yibintu n'amashusho ya BSE ukoresheje softwareJ 1.53 hamwe na software ikwiye kubushake kuri buri minerval.
Isesengura rya Oxygene isotope ryakorewe muri kaminuza ifunguye (Milton Keynes, mu Bwongereza) hakoreshejwe sisitemu ya lazeri ya fluor.Icyitegererezo cya Hayabusa2 cyagejejwe muri kaminuza ifunguye 38 muri kontineri yuzuye azote kugirango yimurwe hagati yibikoresho.
Icyitegererezo cyo gupakira cyakorewe mu gasanduku ka azote gafite urwego rwa ogisijeni ikurikiranwa munsi ya 0.1%.Kubikorwa byisesengura bya Hayabusa2, hashyizweho icyitegererezo gishya Ni icyitegererezo, kigizwe n’imyobo ibiri yonyine (diameter 2,5 mm, ubujyakuzimu bwa mm 5), imwe ku bice bya Hayabusa2 indi yo mu rwego rwimbere.Mugihe cyo gusesengura, icyitegererezo cyiza kirimo ibikoresho bya Hayabusa2 cyari gitwikiriwe nidirishya ryimbere rya BaF2 hafi ya mm 1 z'ubugari na mm 3 z'umurambararo kugirango ufate icyitegererezo mugihe cya laser.Imigezi ya BrF5 kuri sample yagumishijwe numuyoboro wavanze gaze yaciwe muri Ni sample.Icyumba cy'icyitegererezo nacyo cyongeye gushyirwaho kugira ngo gishobore gukurwa ku murongo wa fluor fluor hanyuma ufungurwe mu gasanduku ka gote yuzuye azote.Icyumba cy'ibice bibiri cyafunzwe hamwe na kashe yo gufunga umuringa hamwe na EVAC Byihuta Kurekura CeFIX 38.Idirishya rya mm 3 z'uburebure bwa BaF2 hejuru yicyumba cyemerera kurebera icyarimwe icyitegererezo no gushyushya laser.Nyuma yo gupakira icyitegererezo, ongera ushyire icyumba hanyuma wongere uhuze umurongo wa fluor.Mbere yo gusesengura, icyumba cy'icyitegererezo cyashyutswe munsi y’icyuho kugeza kuri 95 ° C ijoro ryose kugira ngo gikureho ubuhehere.Nyuma yo gushyushya ijoro ryose, urugereko rwemerewe gukonjesha ubushyuhe bwicyumba hanyuma igice cyerekanwe nikirere mugihe cyo kwimura icyitegererezo cyahanaguweho alikoti eshatu za BrF5 kugirango zikureho ubuhehere.Ubu buryo buteganya ko icyitegererezo cya Hayabusa 2 kitagerwaho nikirere kandi nticyandujwe nubushuhe buva mu gice cyumurongo wa fluor uhindurwamo ikirere mugihe cyo gupakira icyitegererezo.
Ingero za Ryugu C0014-4 na Orgueil (CI) zasesenguwe muburyo bwahinduwe "bumwe" 42, mugihe isesengura Y-82162 (CY) ryakorewe kumurongo umwe ufite amariba menshi y'icyitegererezo41.Bitewe nibigize anhydrous, ntabwo ari ngombwa gukoresha uburyo bumwe kuri CY chondrite.Ingero zashyutswe hakoreshejwe Photon Machines Inc. Infrared CO2 laser.imbaraga za 50 W (10,6 µm) zashyizwe kuri gantry ya XYZ imbere ya BrF5.Sisitemu ya videwo yubatswe ikurikirana inzira yimyitwarire.Nyuma ya fluorination, O2 yabohowe yakubiswe hifashishijwe imitego ibiri ya azote ya azote hamwe nigitanda gishyushye cya KBr kugirango ikureho fluor irenze.Isotopic igizwe na ogisijeni yatunganijwe yasesenguwe kuri Thermo Fisher MAT 253 imiyoboro ibiri ya sprometrometrike ikemurwa na 200.
Rimwe na rimwe, ingano ya gaze ya O2 yarekuwe mugihe cyo kwitabira icyitegererezo nticyari munsi ya 140 µg, akaba aribwo buryo bugereranijwe bwo gukoresha igikoresho cya bellows kuri MAT 253 rusange.Muri ibi bihe, koresha microvolume yo gusesengura.Nyuma yo gusesengura ibice bya Hayabusa2, igipimo cyimbere cya obsidian cyarashizwemo fluor hanyuma hamenyekana imiterere ya ogisijeni isotope.
Ions ya parike ya NF + NF3 + ibangamira urumuri hamwe na misa 33 (16O17O).Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, ibyitegererezo byinshi bitunganywa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gutandukana.Ibi birashobora gukorwa mubyerekezo byimbere mbere yisesengura rya MAT 253 cyangwa nkisesengura rya kabiri mugusubiza gaze yasesenguwe mukayunguruzo ka molekile idasanzwe hanyuma ukongera kuyinyuza nyuma yo gutandukana kwa kirogenike.Gutandukanya Cryogenic bikubiyemo gutanga gaze kumashanyarazi ya molekile yubushyuhe bwa azote hanyuma ukayijugunya mumashanyarazi ya mbere ya molekile ku bushyuhe bwa -130 ° C.Igeragezwa ryinshi ryerekanye ko NF + iguma kumurongo wa mbere wa molekile kandi nta gice kinini kiboneka ukoresheje ubu buryo.
Ukurikije isesengura ryinshi ryibipimo byimbere byimbere, ubunyangamugayo muri sisitemu muburyo bwa bellows ni: ± 0.053 ‰ kuri δ17O, ± 0.095 ‰ kuri δ18O, ± 0.018 ‰ kuri Δ17O (2 sd).Isesengura rya Oxygene isotope itangwa mubisobanuro bisanzwe bya delta, aho delta18O ibarwa nka:
Koresha kandi igipimo cya 17O / 16O kuri δ17O.VSMOW ni amahame mpuzamahanga kuri Vienne Hagati y'amazi yo mu nyanja.Δ17O yerekana gutandukana kuva umurongo ugabanije isi, kandi formula yo kubara ni: Δ17O = δ17O - 0.52 × δ18O.Amakuru yose yatanzwe mu mbonerahamwe ya 3 yahinduwe icyuho.
Ibice bigera kuri 150 kugeza kuri 200 nm byakuwe mubice bya Ryugu hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bya Hitachi High Tech SMI4050 FIB muri JAMSTEC, Kochi Core Sampling Institute.Menya ko ibice byose bya FIB byakuwe mubice bitatunganijwe by'uduce duto tutatunganijwe nyuma yo gukurwa mu bwato bwa N2 bwuzuye gaze kugirango ihererekanyabubasha.Ibi bice ntabwo byapimwe na SR-CT, ahubwo byatunganijwe hifashishijwe ikirere gito cyisi kugirango birinde kwangirika no kwanduzwa bishobora kugira ingaruka kuri karubone K-edge.Nyuma yo gushira tungsten ikingira, akarere gashimishije (kugeza kuri 25 × 25 μ m2) karaciwe hanyuma kakayungurura urumuri rwa Ga + ion kuri voltage yihuta ya 30 kV, hanyuma kuri 5 kV hamwe nubushakashatsi bwa 40 pA kugirango hagabanuke kwangirika kwubutaka.Ibice bya ultrathin noneho byashyizwe kumurongo munini wumuringa (Kochi mesh) 39 ukoresheje micromanipulator ifite FIB.
Pelleti ya Ryugu A0098 (1.6303mg) na C0068 (0.6483mg) zafunzwe inshuro ebyiri mumabati meza ya polyethylene yuzuye isuku mu isanduku ya azote yuzuye yuzuye gants kuri SPring-8 ntaho ihuriye nikirere cyisi.Gutegura icyitegererezo cya JB-1 (urutare rwa geologiya rwatanzwe na geologiya y'ubushakashatsi mu Buyapani) rwakorewe muri kaminuza ya Tokiyo Metropolitan.
INAA ibera mu kigo gishinzwe guhuza imirasire n’ubumenyi bwa kirimbuzi, kaminuza ya Kyoto.Ingero zashizwemo kabiri hamwe na cycle zitandukanye zo kurasa zatoranijwe ukurikije kimwe cya kabiri cyubuzima bwa nuclide yakoreshejwe mukubara ibintu.Ubwa mbere, icyitegererezo cyamuritswe mumashanyarazi ya pneumatike kumasegonda 30.Amazi ya neutron yumuriro kandi yihuse mumitini.3 ni 4,6 × 1012 na 9,6 × 1011 cm-2 s-1, kugirango bamenye ibiri muri Mg, Al, Ca, Ti, V na Mn.Imiti nka MgO (99,99% yera, Soekawa Chemical), Al (99,9% yera, Soekawa Chemical), na Si metal (99,999% byera, FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical) nayo yarasakaye kugirango ikosore kugirango ibangamire ingaruka za kirimbuzi nka (n, n).Icyitegererezo kandi cyashyizwemo sodium chloride (99,99% yera; MANAC) kugirango ikosore impinduka muri flux ya neutron.
Nyuma ya irrasiyo ya neutron, urupapuro rwinyuma rwa polyethylene rwasimbujwe urundi rushya, kandi imirasire ya gamma yatanzwe nicyitegererezo hamwe n’ibisobanuro yahise ipimwa hamwe na detekeri ya Ge.Ingero zimwe zongeye kumurikirwa amasaha 4 mumiyoboro ya pneumatike.2 ifite ubushyuhe kandi bwihuta bwa neutron ya 5.6 1012 na 1.2 1012 cm-2 s-1, kugirango tumenye Na, K, Ca, Sc, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Ga, As, Ibirimo Se, Sb, Os, Ir na Au.Kugenzura ingero za Ga, As, Se, Sb, Os, Ir, na Au zarakoreshejwe mukoresheje amafaranga akwiye (kuva kuri 10 kugeza kuri 50 μg) yumuti usanzwe wibisubizo bizwi byibintu kuri bice bibiri byimpapuro, hanyuma hakurikiraho kurasa.Kubara gamma ray byakorewe mu kigo cy’ubumenyi bw’imirasire n’ubumenyi bwa kirimbuzi, kaminuza ya Kyoto ndetse n’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya RI, kaminuza ya Tokyo Metropolitan.Uburyo bwo gusesengura hamwe nibikoresho byifashishwa mu kugena ingano y'ibintu bya INAA ni kimwe n'ibisobanuwe mu mirimo yacu ibanza.
Ikoreshwa rya X-ray (Rigaku SmartLab) yakoreshejwe mu gukusanya uburyo bwo gutandukanya ingero za Ryugu A0029 (<1 mg), A0037 (≪1 mg) na C0087 (<1 mg) kuri NIPR. Ikoreshwa rya X-ray (Rigaku SmartLab) yakoreshejwe mu gukusanya uburyo bwo gutandukanya ingero za Ryugu A0029 (<1 mg), A0037 (≪1 mg) na C0087 (<1 mg) kuri NIPR. Рентгеновский ди матом атом (Rigaku SmartLab) использовали для сбора ди дисонных карин оцов Рюгу A0029 (<1 мг), A0037 (≪1 мг) и C0087 (<1 мг) в NIPR. Ikwirakwizwa rya X-ray (Rigaku SmartLab) ryakoreshejwe mu gukusanya uburyo bwo gutandukanya Ryugu A0029 (<1 mg), A0037 (≪1 mg), na C0087 (<1 mg) muri NIPR.使用 X 射线 衍射 仪 (Rigaku SmartLab) 在 NIPR 收集 Ryugu 样品 A0029 (<1 mg) 、 A0037 (<1 mg) 和 C0087 (<1 mg) 的 衍射 图案。使用 X 射线 衍射 仪 (Rigaku SmartLab) 在 NIPR 收集 Ryugu 样品 A0029 (<1 mg) 、 A0037 (<1 mg) 和 C0087 (<1 mg) 的 衍射 图案。 Диф беогограмим обрцов Ryugu A0029 (<1 мг), A0037 (<1 мг) и C0087 (<1 мг) были получены в NIPR с использованием рентгеновского ди киетететра (Rigaku SmartLab). Imiterere ya X-ray yerekana ingero Ryugu A0029 (<1 mg), A0037 (<1 mg) na C0087 (<1 mg) zabonetse kuri NIPR hakoreshejwe ikwirakwizwa rya X-ray (Rigaku SmartLab).Ingero zose zashizwemo ifu nziza kuri wafer ya silicon itagaragaza ikoresheje isahani yikirahure ya safiro hanyuma ikwirakwira neza kuri wafer ya silicon itagaragaza nta mazi (amazi cyangwa inzoga).Ibipimo byo gupima ni ibi bikurikira: Imirasire ya Cu Kα X ikorwa kuri voltage yumuriro wa 40 kV hamwe numuyoboro wa tariyeri wa mA 40, uburebure bwikigereranyo ni mm 10, impande zinyuranye ni (1/6) °, umuvuduko wo kuzunguruka mu ndege ni 20 rpm, kandi intera ni 2θ (impande ebyiri za Bragg) ni 3-100 ° kandi bifata amasaha agera kuri 28 yo gusesengura.Bragg Brentano optique yakoreshejwe.Detector ni icyuma kimwe cya silicon semiconductor detector (D / teX Ultra 250).X-imirasire ya Cu Kβ yakuweho ukoresheje Ni filteri.Ukoresheje ingero ziboneka, ibipimo bya Synthenite Mapnetianic Magnesic (JCSS-3501, Kunimine Inganda CO. LTD) PDF 01-071-1662) na Magnet (PDF 00-019-0629).Amakuru atandukanye yaturutse muri Ryugu yagereranijwe kandi namakuru kuri chondrite ya karubone ya karubone, Orgueil CI, Y-791198 CM2.4, na Y 980115 CY (icyiciro cyo gushyushya III, 500–750 ° C).Kugereranya byerekanaga isano na Orgueil, ariko ntabwo bihuye na Y-791198 na Y 980115.
NEXAFS yerekanwe hamwe na karuboni ya K ya ultrathin yingero zakozwe muri FIB zapimwe hifashishijwe umuyoboro wa STXM BL4U ku kigo cya UVSOR synchrotron mu kigo cya siyansi yubumenyi bwa Molecular (Okazaki, Ubuyapani).Ingano yikibanza cyibiti byibanze hamwe na plaque ya zone ya Fresnel ni 50 nm.Intambwe yingufu ni 0.1 eV kumiterere myiza yakarere kegereye (283.6-2292.0 eV) na 0.5 eV (280.0-2283.5 eV na 292.5–300.0 eV) mukarere imbere ninyuma.igihe kuri buri shusho pigiseli yashyizwe kuri ms 2.Nyuma yo kwimurwa, urugereko rwisesengura rwa STXM rwuzuye helium kumuvuduko wa mbar 20.Ibi bifasha kugabanya ubushyuhe bwumuriro wibikoresho bya X-ray optique mucyumba hamwe nicyitegererezo, kimwe no kugabanya ibyangiritse na / cyangwa okiside.NEXAFS K-edge ya karubone yerekanwe mubyatanzwe byegeranijwe ukoresheje software ya AXis2000 hamwe na software itunganya amakuru ya STXM.Menya ko icyitegererezo cyo kohereza hamwe na glovebox bikoreshwa kugirango wirinde icyitegererezo cya okiside no kwanduza.
Nyuma yisesengura rya STXM-NEXAFS, isesengura rya isotopi ya hydrogène, karubone, na azote ya sisitemu ya Ryugu FIB yasesenguwe hakoreshejwe amashusho ya isotope hamwe na JAMSTEC NanoSIMS 50L.Cs + yibanze yibanze ya 2 pA yo gusesengura karubone na azote isotope hamwe na 13 pA yo gusesengura hydrogène isotope irasakara hejuru yubuso bwa 24 × 24 µm2 kugeza 30 × 30 µm2 kuri sample.Nyuma yiminota 3 yo kwitegura kumashanyarazi akomeye yibanze, buri sesengura ryatangiye nyuma yo guhagarika ubukana bwa kabiri.Kubisesengura rya isotopi ya karubone na azote, amashusho ya 12C–, 13C–, 16O–, 12C14N– na 12C15N– yabonetse icyarimwe hakoreshejwe ibyuma birindwi bya elegitoroniki bigwiza multiplex hamwe nibisubizo rusange bigera kuri 9000, birahagije gutandukanya ibice byose bya isotopi.kwivanga (ni ukuvuga 12C1H kuri 13C na 13C14N kuri 12C15N).Kubisesengura rya hydrogène isotopes, 1H-, 2D- na 12C- amashusho yabonetse hamwe nimbaraga nini ya 3000 hamwe no gutahura byinshi ukoresheje ibyuma bitatu bya electron.Buri sesengura rigizwe n'amashusho 30 yabikijwe mu gace kamwe, hamwe nishusho imwe igizwe na 256 × 256 pigiseli ya karubone na azote isotope na 128 × 128 pigiseli yo gusesengura hydrogen isotope.Igihe cyo gutinda ni 3000 µs kuri pigiseli yo gusesengura karubone na azote isotope na 5000 µs kuri pigiseli yo gusesengura hydrogen isotope.Twakoresheje 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrat nka hydrogène, karubone na azote isotope ya nitoto kugirango duhindure ibice by'ibikoresho 45.
Kugirango tumenye silicon isotopic igizwe na presolar graphite mumwirondoro wa FIB C0068-25, twakoresheje inshuro esheshatu za electron zigizwe na 9000. Amashusho agizwe na pigiseli 256 × 256 hamwe nubukererwe bwa 3000 µs kuri pigiseli.Twahinduye igikoresho kinini cyo gucamo ibice dukoresheje wafer ya silicon nka hydrogène, karubone, na silicon isotope.
Amashusho ya Isotope yatunganijwe hifashishijwe porogaramu ya NanoSIMS45 ya NASA.Amakuru yakosowe kugirango electron igwize igihe cyapfuye (44 ns) n'ingaruka zo kugera icyarimwe.Guhuza scan zitandukanye kuri buri shusho kugirango ikosore kubishusho bigenda mugihe cyo kugura.Ishusho yanyuma ya isotope yaremewe mukongeramo ion ya kabiri kuri buri shusho kuri buri scan pigiseli.
Nyuma yisesengura rya STXM-NEXAFS na NanoSIMS, ibice bimwe bya FIB byasuzumwe hifashishijwe microscope yohereza (JEOL JEM-ARM200F) kuri voltage yihuta ya 200 kV i Kochi, JAMSTEC.Microstructure yagaragaye ikoresheje umucyo-murima wa TEM hamwe nu mpande ndende zisikana TEM mumurima wijimye.Ibyiciro by'amabuye y'agaciro byagaragaye no gutandukanya amashanyarazi ya elegitoronike no kwerekana amashusho ya lattice, kandi isesengura ry’imiti ryakozwe na EDS hamwe na 100 mm2 ya silicon drift detector hamwe na software ya JEOL Analysis Station 4.30.Kubisesengura ryinshi, ubukana bwa X-ray kuri buri kintu cyapimwe muburyo bwo gusikana kwa TEM hamwe nigihe cyagenwe cyo kubona amakuru ya 30 s, ahantu hasikana ibiti bya ~ 100 × 100 nm2, hamwe nigitereko cya 50 pA.Ikigereranyo (Si + Al) -Mg-Fe muri silicates igenwe cyagenwe hakoreshejwe coefficient k igeragezwa k, ikosorwa kubyimbye, yabonetse mubisanzwe bya pyropagarnet.
Amashusho nisesengura byose byakoreshejwe muri ubu bushakashatsi birahari kuri JAXA Data Archives and Communication Sisitemu (DARTS) https://www.darts.isas.jaxa.jp/curation/hayabusa2.Iyi ngingo itanga amakuru yumwimerere.
Kitari, K. n'abandi.Ubuso bwa asteroide 162173 Ryugu nkuko byagaragajwe nigikoresho cya Hayabusa2 NIRS3.Ubumenyi 364, 272-22.
Kim, AJ Yamato yo mu bwoko bwa karubone ya chondrite (CY): ibigereranyo byubuso bwa Ryugu?Ubumenyi bwa geochemie 79, 125531 (2019).
Pilorjet, S. n'abandi.Isesengura ryambere ryibihimbano bya Ryugu ryakozwe hakoreshejwe microscope ya MicroOmega.Ikirere.6, 221-22 (2021).
Yada, T. n'abandi.Isesengura ryibanze ryicyitegererezo cya Hyabusa2 cyagarutse kiva muri C yo mu bwoko bwa asteroide Ryugu.Ikirere.6, 214-22 (2021).