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He pūngāwerewere, he nui hoki ngā mea rauropi, ko ngā asteroid momo-C pea tētahi o ngā pūtake nui o te wai i runga i te Ao. I tēnei wā, ko ngā chondrite waro-mau te whakaaro pai mō ō rātou hanganga matū, engari he hē ngā mōhiohio mō ngā meteorite: ko ngā momo tino pakari anake ka ora i te tomo ki te āhuarangi, kātahi ka taunekeneke ki te taiao o te Ao. Kei konei mātou e whakaatu ana i ngā hua o tētahi rangahau taipitopito mō te rahinga me te tātaritanga iti o te matūriki tuatahi o Ryugu i tukuna ki te Ao e te waka mokowhiti Hayabusa-2. E whakaatu ana ngā matūriki Ryugu i tētahi ōrite tata o te hanganga ki ngā chondrite CI (momo-Iwuna) kāore i te wahia he matū engari kua whakarerekētia e te wai, e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei tohu mō te hanganga whānui o te pūnaha rā. E whakaatu ana tēnei tauira i tētahi whanaungatanga ā-wāhi uaua i waenga i ngā mea rauropi aliphatic whai rawa me ngā silicate paparanga, ā, e tohu ana i te pāmahana mōrahi o te 30 °C i te wā e mimiti ana te wai. I kitea e mātou he nui o te deuterium me te diazonium e rite ana ki te takenga mai i waho o te rā. Ko ngā matūriki Ryugu te rauemi manene tino kore poke me te kore e taea te wehe kua akohia, ā, e pai ana ki te hanganga whānui o te pūnaha rā.
Mai i te Pipiri 2018 ki Noema 2019, i whakahaerehia e te waka mokowhiti Hayabusa2 a te Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) tētahi rangahau tawhiti whānui o te asteroid Ryugu. Ko ngā raraunga mai i te Near Infrared Spectrometer (NIRS3) i Hayabusa-2 e kī ana he mea hanga pea a Ryugu i tētahi rauemi e rite ana ki ngā chondrite waro wera me/ranei te shock-metamorphic. Ko te mea tino ōrite ko te CY chondrite (momo Yamato) 2. Ka taea te whakamārama i te albedo iti o Ryugu mā te noho mai o te maha o ngā wāhanga waro-nui, tae atu ki te rahi o te matūriki, te porosity, me ngā pānga huarere ā-wāhi. E rua ngā taunga me te kohikohi tauira a te waka mokowhiti Hayabusa-2 ki Ryuga. I te taunga tuatahi i te 21 o Pēpuere, 2019, i riro mai ngā rauemi mata, i rongoatia ki te wāhanga A o te capsule whakahoki, ā, i te taunga tuarua i te 11 o Hūrae, 2019, i kohia ngā rauemi tata ki tētahi rua horihori i hangaia e tētahi patu iti kawe. Kei te Wāhanga C ēnei tauira e rongoa ana. Ko te whakaahuatanga tuatahi o ngā matūriki i te Wāhanga 1 i roto i ngā rūma motuhake, kāore i poke, ā, he parakore te hauota i ngā whare whakahaere a JAXA i tohu ko ngā matūriki Ryugu he tino rite ki ngā chondrite CI4, ā, he "taumata rerekētanga rerekē"3. Ko te whakarōpūtanga āhua taupatupatu o Ryugu, he rite ki ngā chondrite CY, CI rānei, ka taea anake te whakatau mā te whakaahuatanga taipitopito o ngā matūriki Ryugu i roto i te isotopic, te huānga, me te mineralogi. Ko ngā hua e whakaatuhia ana i konei he pūtake pakari hei whakatau ko tēhea o ēnei whakamārama tuatahi e rua mō te hanganga whānui o te asteroid Ryugu te mea tino pea.
E waru ngā pire Ryugu (tata ki te 60mg te katoa), e whā mai i te Rūma A me te whā mai i te Rūma C, i tohaina ki te Wāhanga 2 hei whakahaere i te tīma Kochi. Ko te whāinga matua o te rangahau he whakamārama i te āhua, te takenga mai me te hītori whanaketanga o te asteroid Ryugu, me te tuhi i ngā āhuatanga ōrite me ngā rerekētanga ki ētahi atu tauira o waho e mōhiotia ana pērā i ngā chondrite, ngā matūriki puehu ā-aorangi (IDP) me ngā comet e hoki mai ana. Ngā tauira i kohia e te misioni Stardust a NASA.
I whakaatuhia e te tātaritanga mineralogi taipitopito o ngā kakano Ryugu e rima (A0029, A0037, C0009, C0014 me C0068) he mea tito te nuinga o ēnei mai i ngā phyllosilicates pai me ngā kakano matotoru (~64–88 vol.%; Pikitia 1a, b, Pikitia Tāpiri 1). me te ripanga tāpiri 1). Ka puta ngā phyllosilicates pai hei kohikohinga pine (tae atu ki te tekau microns te rahi) i roto i ngā matrices pai, whai rawa i te phyllosilicate (iti iho i te torutoru microns te rahi). Ko ngā matūriki silicate paparanga he symbionts serpentine-saponite (Pikitia 1c). E whakaatu ana hoki te mahere (Si + Al)-Mg-Fe he hanganga waenga kei waenganui i te serpentine me te saponite te matrix silicate paparanga nui (Pikitia 2a, b). Kei roto i te matrix phyllosilicate ngā kohuke kāponāte (~2–21 vol.%), ngā kohuke whanariki (~2.4–5.5 vol.%), me te magnetite (~3.6–6.8 vol.%). Ko tētahi o ngā matūriki i tirotirohia i roto i tēnei rangahau (C0009) he iti noa iho (~0.5 vol.%) o ngā silicates waikore (olivine me te pyroxene), ka āwhina pea ki te tautuhi i te rauemi pūtake i hanga ai te kōhatu Ryugu mata5. He onge tēnei silicate waikore i roto i ngā pire Ryugu, ā, i kitea pai noa iho i roto i te pire C0009. Kei roto i te matrix ngā kāponāte hei kongakonga (iti iho i te torutoru rau microns), ko te nuinga he dolomite, me te iti o te konupūmā kāponāte me te brinell. Ka puta te magnetite hei matūriki motuhake, he framboids, he plaques, he kopa porowhita rānei. Ko ngā sulfide te nuinga o te wā e tohuhia ana e te pyrrhotite i roto i te ahua o ngā prism/pereti hexagonal koretake, ngā laths rānei. Kei roto i te matrix he nui te pentlandite submicron, i te whakakotahitanga rānei me te pyrrhotite. Ka kitea whānuitia ngā āhua waro-nui (<10 µm te rahi) i roto i te anga waro-nui. Ka kitea whānuitia ngā āhua waro-nui (<10 µm te rahi) i roto i te anga waro-nui. Богатые углеродом фазы (размером <10 мкм) встречаются повсеместно в богатой филлосиликатами матрице. Ka kitea whānuitia ngā āhua waro-nui (<10 µm te rahi) i roto i te anga waro-nui.富含碳的相（尺寸<10 µm）普遍存在于富含层状硅酸盐的基质中。富含碳的相（尺寸<10 µm）普遍存在于富含层状硅酸盐的基质中。 Богатые углеродом фазы (размером <10 мкм) преобладают в богатой филлосиликатами матрице. Ko ngā āhua waro-nui (<10 µm te rahi) te nuinga o te wā i roto i te anga waro-nui.Kei te Ripanga Tāpiri 1 ngā kohuke tāpiri kē atu. He tino ōrite te rārangi o ngā kohuke i whakatauhia mai i te tauira whakarara hihi-X o te ranunga C0087 me A0029 me A0037 ki tērā i whakatauhia i roto i te chondrite CI (Orgueil), engari he rerekē rawa atu i ngā chondrite CY me CM (momo Mighei) (Pikitia 1 me ngā raraunga whānui me te Pikitia Tāpiri 2). Ko te ihirangi huānga katoa o ngā witi Ryugu (A0098, C0068) he ōrite anō hoki ki te chondrite 6 CI (raraunga whānui, Pikitia 2 me te Ripanga Tāpiri 2). He rerekē, ka pau ngā chondrite CM i roto i ngā huānga āhua me te tino pāhekeheke, inā koa ko te Mn me te Zn, ā, he teitei ake i roto i ngā huānga ātete7. He tino rerekē ngā kukū o ētahi huānga, he whakaata pea tēnei i te rerekētanga ā-roto o te tauira nā te iti o te rahi o ngā matūriki takitahi me te pānga tauira ka puta. Ko ngā āhuatanga matū, mineralogi me ngā āhuatanga huānga katoa e tohu ana he tino rite ngā pata Ryugu ki ngā chondrite CI8,9,10. Ko tētahi mea motuhake ko te korenga o te ferrihydrite me te sulfate i roto i ngā pata Ryugu, e kī ana i hangaia ēnei kohuke i roto i ngā chondrite CI e te huarere whenua.
a, Whakaahua hihi-X whakakotahi o te wāhanga maroke kua orohia C0068 o Mg Kα (whero), Ca Kα (kakariki), Fe Kα (kikorangi), me te S Kα (kōwhai). Kei roto i te wāhanga ko ngā silicate paparanga (whero: ~88 vol%), ngā warowaihā (dolomit; kākāriki mārama: ~1.6 vol%), te magnetite (kikorangi: ~5.3 vol%) me ngā sulfide (kōwhai: sulfide = ~2.5% vol. tuhinga. b, whakaahua o te rohe āhua i roto i ngā irahiko kua marara ki muri i runga i te a. Bru – kāore i te pakeke; Dole – dolomite; ko te FeS he sulfide rino; Mag – magnetite; wai – kōhatu hopi; Srp – serpentine. c, whakaahua karu hiko tuku taumira teitei (TEM) o te tipu honohono saponite-serpentine e whakaatu ana i ngā roopu whatunga serpentine me te saponite o te 0.7 nm me te 1.1 nm, ia.
Ko te hanganga o te matrix me te silicate paparanga (i %) o ngā matūriki Ryugu A0037 (ngā porowhita whero totoka) me te C0068 (ngā porowhita kikorangi totoka) e whakaaturia ana i roto i te pūnaha ternary (Si+Al)-Mg-Fe. a, Ko ngā hua o te Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA) kua tuhia ki ngā CI chondrites (Ivuna, Orgueil, Alais)16 e whakaaturia ana i te hina hei whakataurite. b, Ko te tātaritanga o te TEM matawai (STEM) me te tātaritanga o te spectroscopy X-ray dispersive pūngao (EDS) e whakaaturia ana hei whakataurite ki ngā meteorite Orgueil9 me Murchison46 me te IDP47 waikura. I tātarihia ngā phyllosilicates pai-kikokiko me ngā phyllosilicates matotoru-kikokiko, me te karo i ngā matūriki iti o te rino sulfide. Ko ngā rārangi iraira i roto i te a me te b e whakaatu ana i ngā rārangi whakarewa o te saponite me te serpentine. Ko te hanganga whai-rino i roto i te a ka puta pea i ngā pata rino sulfide submicron i roto i ngā pata silicate paparanga, e kore e taea te whakakore e te whakataunga ā-wāhi o te tātaritanga EPMA. Ko ngā tohu raraunga he nui ake te ihirangi Si i te saponite i roto i te b, tera pea nā te noho mai o te rauemi whai rawa i te silicon amorphous, he nano-rahi i roto i ngā āputa o te paparanga phyllosilicate. Te maha o ngā tātaritanga: N=69 mō A0037, N=68 mō EPMA, N=68 mō C0068, N=19 mō A0037 me N=27 mō C0068 mō STEM-EDS. c, mahere isotope o te matūriki trioxy Ryugu C0014-4 i whakaritea ki ngā uara chondrite CI (Orgueil), CY (Y-82162) me ngā raraunga tuhinga (CM me C2-ung)41,48,49. Kua whiwhi mātou i ngā raraunga mō ngā meteorite Orgueil me Y-82162. Ko te CCAM he rārangi o ngā kohuke chondrite waro kore wai, ko te TFL he rārangi wehewehe whenua. d, ngā mahere Δ17O me δ18O o te matūriki Ryugu C0014-4, te CI chondrite (Orgueil), me te CY chondrite (Y-82162) (tēnei rangahau). Δ17O_Ryugu: Te uara o te Δ17O C0014-1. Δ17O_Orgueil: Te uara toharite Δ17O mō Orgueil. Δ17O_Y-82162: Te uara toharite Δ17O mō Y-82162. Kua whakaaturia hoki ngā raraunga CI me CY mai i ngā tuhinga 41, 48, 49 hei whakataurite.
I whakahaerehia te tātaritanga isotope papatipu o te hāora ki runga i tētahi tauira 1.83 mg o te rauemi i tangohia mai i te kirikiri C0014 mā te whakawhaititanga laser (Ngā Tikanga). Hei whakatairite, i whakahaerehia e mātou e whitu ngā tārua o Orgueil (CI) (papatipu katoa = 8.96 mg) me whitu ngā tārua o Y-82162 (CY) (papatipu katoa = 5.11 mg) (Ripanga Tāpiri 3).
Kei te pikitia 2d te wehewehenga mārama o te Δ17O me te δ18O i waenga i ngā matūriki taumaha toharite o Orgueil me Ryugu ki te whakataurite ki te Y-82162. He teitei ake te Δ17O o te matūriki Ryugu C0014-4 i tērā o te matūriki Orgeil, ahakoa te taupatupatu i te 2 sd. He teitei ake ngā uara Δ17O o ngā matūriki Ryugu ki te whakataurite ki a Orgeil, e whakaata ana pea i te parahanga whenua o muri mai i tōna hinganga i te tau 1864. Ko te huarere i roto i te taiao whenua11 ka hua ake te whakaurunga o te hāora hauhautanga, ka tata ake te tātaritanga whānui ki te rārangi wehewehenga whenua (TFL). He rite tēnei whakatau ki ngā raraunga mineralogi (i kōrerohia i mua ake nei) arā, kāore he hydrates, he sulfates rānei i roto i ngā witi Ryugu, engari kei a Orgeil.
I runga i ngā raraunga kohuke i runga ake nei, e tautoko ana ēnei hua i te hononga i waenga i ngā kakano Ryugu me ngā chondrite CI, engari e whakakore ana i te hononga o ngā chondrite CY. He mea whakamīharo te meka kāore ngā kakano Ryugu i te hono atu ki ngā chondrite CY, e whakaatu ana i ngā tohu mārama o te mineralogy maroke. Ko ngā kitenga porowhita o Ryugu te āhua nei kua maroke, nō reira he mea hanga pea i te rauemi CY. Kāore anō kia mārama ngā take mō tēnei rerekētanga kitea. Kei roto i tētahi pepa hoa 12 te tātaritanga isotope hāora o ētahi atu matūriki Ryugu. Heoi, he rite anō hoki ngā hua o tēnei huinga raraunga whānui ki te hononga i waenga i ngā matūriki Ryugu me ngā chondrite CI.
Mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga tātaritanga moroiti kua whakaritea (Pikitia Tāpiri 3), i tirotirohia e mātou te tohatoha ā-wāhi o te waro waro puta noa i te mata katoa o te wāhanga hihi katote arotahi (FIB) C0068.25 (Pikitia 3a–f). Ngā hihi-X hanganga pai o te waro (NEXAFS) i te taha tata i te wāhanga C0068.25 e whakaatu ana i ētahi rōpū mahi – kakara, C=C rānei (285.2 eV), C=O (286.5 eV), CH (287.5 eV) me C( =O)O (288.8 eV) – kāore te hanganga graphene i te 291.7 eV (Pikitia 3a), ko te tikanga he iti te rerekētanga wera. He rerekē te tihi CH kaha (287.5 eV) o ngā waro wāhanga o C0068.25 i ngā waro kore-rewa o ngā chondrite waro kua rangahauhia i mua, ā, he rite ake ki te IDP14 me ngā matūriki cometary i whiwhihia e te misioni Stardust. Ko te tihi CH kaha i te 287.5 eV me te tihi kakara ngoikore rawa, te tihi C=C rānei i te 285.2 eV, e tohu ana he nui ngā pūhui aliphatic i roto i ngā pūhui rauropi (Pikitia 3a me te Pikitia Tāpiri 3a). Ko ngā wāhi e nui ana ngā pūhui rauropi aliphatic kei roto i ngā phyllosilicates matotoru, tae atu ki ngā wāhi he ngoikore te hanganga waro kakara (C=C rānei) (Pikitia 3c,d). He rerekē, ko te A0037,22 (Pikitia Tāpiri 3) i whakaatu i te iti o te ihirangi o ngā rohe whai rawa waro aliphatic. Ko te mineralogy o raro o ēnei witi he nui ngā carbonates, he rite ki te chondrite CI 16, e kī ana he nui te whakarerekētanga o te wai pūtake (Ripanga Tāpiri 1). Ka pai ake ngā āhuatanga whakahāngai i ngā kukū teitei ake o ngā rōpū mahi carbonyl me te carboxyl i roto i ngā pūhui rauropi e hono ana ki ngā carbonates. Ka rerekē pea te tohatoha submicron o ngā rauropi me ngā hanganga waro aliphatic mai i te tohatoha o ngā silicates paparanga matotoru. I kitea ngā tohu o ngā matū waro aliphatic e hono ana ki te phyllosilicate-OH i roto i te meteorite o te roto o Tagish. E kī ana ngā raraunga microanalytical kua whakaritea, tera pea he whānuitia ngā matū waro e whai kiko ana i ngā matū aliphatic i roto i ngā asteroids momo-C, ā, e hono tata ana ki ngā phyllosilicates. He rite tonu tēnei whakatau ki ngā pūrongo o mua mō ngā CH aliphatic/aromatic i roto i ngā matūriki Ryugu i whakaaturia e MicroOmega, he karu hiko hyperspectral tata-infrared. He pātai nui, kāore anō kia whakatauhia, ko te mea ko ngā āhuatanga ahurei o ngā matū waro whai kiko waro aliphatic e hono ana ki ngā phyllosilicates matotoru i kitea i roto i tēnei rangahau kei runga noa i te asteroid Ryugu.
a, Ngā ira waro NEXAFS kua whakatauritea ki te 292 eV i roto i te rohe whai rawa kakara (C=C) (whero), i roto i te rohe whai rawa aliphatic (kakariki), me te matrix (kikorangi). Ko te rārangi hina ko te ira waro kore-rewa Murchison 13 hei whakataurite. au, wae whakatau. b, Whakaahua ira karu X-ray tuku matawai (STXM) o te taha-K waro e whakaatu ana ko te wāhanga e whakahaerehia ana e te waro. c, Kauwhata hiato RGB me ngā rohe whai rawa kakara (C=C) (whero), ngā rohe whai rawa aliphatic (kakariki), me te matrix (kikorangi). d, Ko ngā waro whai rawa i roto i ngā pūhui aliphatic kua kukū ki roto i te phyllosilicate matotoru, kua whakanuia te horahanga mai i ngā pouaka ira mā i roto i te b me te c. e, ngā nanospheres nui (ng-1) i roto i te horahanga kua whakanuia mai i te pouaka ira mā i roto i te b me te c. Mō: pyrrhotite. Pn: nickel-chromite. f, Ngā whakaahua o te NanoSIMS, te Hauwai (1H), te Waro (12C), me te Hauota (12C14N), ngā whakaahua ōwehenga huānga 12C/1H, me ngā whakaahua isotope whakawhiti δD, δ13C, me te δ15N – Wāhanga PG-1: te karāhe presolar me te whakarei ake i te 13C tino nui (Ripanga Tāpiri 4).
Mā ngā rangahau nekeneke mō te pirau o ngā mea rauropi i roto i ngā meteorite Murchison ka taea te whakarato i ngā kōrero nui mō te tohatoha rerekē o ngā mea rauropi aliphatic e whai kiko ana i ngā witi Ryugu. E whakaatu ana tēnei rangahau ka mau tonu ngā here CH aliphatic i roto i ngā mea rauropi tae noa ki te pāmahana mōrahi o te 30°C i te matua me/ranei te huringa me ngā whanaungatanga wā-pāmahana (hei tauira, 200 tau i te 100°C me te 0°C 100 miriona tau). . Mena kāore te matū mua e whakamahanahia i tētahi pāmahana kua whakaritea mō te neke atu i tētahi wā, ka tiakina pea te tohatoha taketake o ngā mea rauropi aliphatic e whai kiko ana i te phyllosilicate. Heoi, ka uaua pea tēnei whakamaoritanga i ngā huringa wai toka pūtake, nā te mea kāore te A0037 whai kiko waro e whakaatu ana i ngā rohe aliphatic whai kiko waro e hono ana ki ngā phyllosilicates. Ko tēnei huringa pāmahana iti e rite ana ki te aroaro o te feldspar cubic i roto i ngā witi Ryugu (Ripanga Tāpiri 1) 20.
Kei roto i te wāhanga C0068.25 (ng-1; Pikitia 3a–c,e) he nanosphere nui e whakaatu ana i ngā hihi tino kakara (C=C rānei), he āhua aliphatic, me te ngoikore o ngā hihi C(=O)O me C=O. . Kāore te tohu o te waro aliphatic e ōrite ki te tohu o ngā mea rauropi kore-rewa nui me ngā nanospheres rauropi e hono ana ki ngā chondrites (Pikitia 3a) 17,21. I whakaatuhia e te tātaritanga Raman me te infrared spectroscopic o ngā nanospheres i roto i te roto o Tagish he mea tito mai i ngā pūhui rauropi aliphatic me te oxidized me ngā pūhui rauropi aromatic polycyclic koretake me te hanganga matatini22,23. Nā te mea kei roto i te matrix e karapoti ana ngā mea rauropi he nui ngā pūhui aliphatic, ko te tohu o te waro aliphatic i roto i te ng-1 he taonga tātari pea. He mea whakamīharo, kei roto i te ng-1 ngā silicates amorphous kua whakauruhia (Pikitia 3e), he kakano kāore anō kia pūrongohia mō tētahi mea rauropi o waho. Tērā pea he wāhanga tūturu o te ng-1 ngā silicate kore-ahua, he hua rānei nō te kore-ahua o ngā silicate wai/kore-wai mā te katote me/ranei te hihi irahiko i te wā tātari.
E whakaatu ana ngā whakaahua katote NanoSIMS o te wāhanga C0068.25 (Pikitia 3f) i ngā huringa ōrite i roto i te δ13C me te δ15N, engari mō ngā kakano presolar me te whakanui nui o te 13C o te 30,811‰ (PG-1 i roto i te whakaahua δ13C i te Pikitia 3f) (Ripanga Tāpiri 4). Ko ngā whakaahua kakano taketake X-ray me ngā whakaahua TEM taumira teitei e whakaatu ana i te kukū waro me te tawhiti i waenga i ngā papa turanga o te 0.3 nm, e rite ana ki te graphite. He mea nui kia mōhiotia ko ngā uara o δD (841 ± 394‰) me δ15N (169 ± 95‰), he nui ake i te mea rauropi aliphatic e hono ana ki ngā phyllosilicates matotoru, he paku teitei ake i te toharite mō te rohe katoa C (δD = 528 ± 139‰). ‰, δ15N = 67 ± 15 ‰) i roto i te C0068.25 (Ripanga Tāpiri 4). E kī ana tēnei kitenga he mea taketake ake pea ngā matū waro whai-arā i roto i ngā phyllosilicate matotoru i ngā matū waro e karapoti ana, nā te mea kua whakawhitiwhiti isotopic pea ēnei ki te wai e karapoti ana i roto i te tinana taketake. Waihoki, tera pea e pā ana ēnei huringa isotopic ki te tukanga hanganga tuatahi. E whakamāramahia ana ko ngā silicate paparanga matotoru i roto i ngā chondrite CI i hangaia hei hua o te whakarerekētanga tonu o ngā tautau silicate anhydrous matotoru taketake. Tērā pea i hangaia ngā matū waro whai-arā mai i ngā ngota mua i roto i te kōpae protoplanetary, i te reo interstellar rānei i mua i te hanganga o te pūnaha solar, kātahi ka whakarerekētia paku i te wā o ngā huringa wai o te tinana matua (nui) o Ryugu. He iti rawa te rahi (<1.0 km) o Ryugu, ā, kāore e ranea te pupuri i te wera o roto kia taea ai te whakarerekē i te wai hei hanga i ngā kohuke wai25. He iti rawa te rahi (<1.0 km) o Ryugu, ā, kāore e taea te pupuri i te wera o roto kia ranea ai te whakarerekētanga wai hei hanga i ngā kohuke wai25. Размер (<1,0 м) минералов25. Rahi (<1.0 km) He iti rawa a Ryugu, kāore e taea te pupuri i te wera o roto kia ranea ai te whakawhiti wai hei hanga i ngā kohuke wai25. Ryugu 的尺寸（<1.0 公里）太小，不足以维持内部热量以进行水蚀变形成含水物物。 Ryugu 的尺寸（<1.0 公里）太小，不足以维持内部热量以进行水蚀变形成含水物物。 Размер Рюгу (<1,0 км) слишком мал, чтобы поддерживать внутреннее тепло для изменения воды с образованием мд. He iti rawa te rahi o Ryugu (<1.0 km) kāore e taea te tautoko i te wera o roto hei huri i te wai hei hanga i ngā kohuke wai25.Nō reira, me nui ake pea ngā tekau kiromita o ngā matū o mua o Ryugu. Tērā pea ka mau tonu ngā ōwehenga isotope taketake o ngā mea rauropi e nui ana i ngā pūhui aliphatic nā te hononga ki ngā phyllosilicates matotoru. Heoi, kāore anō kia tino mārama te āhua tuturu o ngā kaikawe taumaha isotopic nā te ranunga uaua me te ngāwari o ngā wāhanga rerekē o ēnei wāhanga FIB. Tērā pea he matū rauropi e nui ana i ngā pūhui aliphatic i roto i ngā granules Ryugu, he phyllosilicates matotoru rānei e karapoti ana i a rātou. Kia mahara ko ngā mea rauropi i roto i te nuinga o ngā chondrites waro (tae atu ki ngā chondrites CI) he nui ake te D i roto i ngā phyllosilicates, engari ko ngā meteorite CM Paris 24, 26.
Ngā kauwhata o te rōrahi δD me te δ15N o ngā poro FIB i whiwhihia mō A0002.23 me A0002.26, A0037.22 me A0037.23 me C0068.23, C0068.25 me C0068.26 ngā poro FIB (e whitu ngā poro FIB katoa mai i ngā matūriki Ryugu e toru) Kei te whakaatuhia te whakataurite o NanoSIMS me ētahi atu mea o te pūnaha rā i te pikitia 4 (Ripanga Tāpiri 4)27,28. He rite tonu ngā huringa rōrahi i roto i te δD me te δ15N i roto i ngā kōtaha A0002, A0037, me C0068 ki ērā i roto i te IDP, engari he teitei ake i roto i ngā chondrite CM me CI (Pikitia 4). Kia mahara ko te whānuitanga o ngā uara δD mō te tauira Comet 29 (-240 ki te 1655‰) he nui ake i tērā o Ryugu. Ko ngā rōrahi δD me δ15N o ngā kōtaha Ryukyu, i te nuinga o te wā, he iti ake i te toharite mō ngā whetu kōmete o te whānau Jupiter me te kapua Oort (Pikitia 4). Ko ngā uara δD iti iho o ngā chondrite CI ka whakaata pea i te awe o te poke whenua i roto i ēnei tauira. I runga i ngā āhuatanga ōrite i waenga i a Bells, Lake Tagish, me IDP, ko te rerekētanga nui o ngā uara δD me δN i roto i ngā matūriki Ryugu ka whakaata pea i ngā huringa o ngā waitohu isotopic tuatahi o ngā hanganga waro me te wai i roto i te pūnaha rā o mua. Ko ngā huringa isotopic rite i roto i te δD me δN i roto i ngā matūriki Ryugu me IDP e kī ana i hangaia pea ēnei mea e rua mai i te rauemi mai i te pūtake kotahi. E whakaponohia ana i ahu mai ngā IDP i ngā pūtake whetu kōmete 14. Nō reira, kei roto pea i Ryugu ngā rauemi rite ki te whetu kōmete me/ranei te iti rawa o te pūnaha rā o waho. Heoi, tera pea he uaua ake tēnei i tā mātou e kī nei i konei nā (1) te ranunga o te wai porowhita me te wai whai-D i runga i te tinana matua 31 me (2) te ōwehenga D/H o te kōmete hei mahi a te mahi kōmete 32. Heoi, kāore anō kia tino mārama ngā take mō te rerekētanga o ngā isotopes hauwai me te hauota i roto i ngā matūriki Ryugu, nā te iti o ngā tātaritanga e wātea ana i ēnei rā. Kei te whakaara tonu ngā hua o ngā pūnaha isotopes hauwai me te hauota i te tūponotanga kei roto i a Ryugu te nuinga o ngā rauemi mai i waho o te Pūnaha Rā, ā, nō reira, tera pea e whakaatu ana i ētahi āhua ōrite ki ngā kōmete. Kāore i whakaatuhia e te kōtaha Ryugu he hononga kitea i waenga i te δ13C me te δ15N (Ripanga Tāpiri 4).
Ko te hanganga isotopic H me te N whānui o ngā matūriki Ryugu (porowhita whero: A0002, A0037; porowhita kikorangi: C0068) e pā ana ki te kaha o te rā 27, te whānau toharite o Jupiter (JFC27), me ngā whetu kapua Oort (OCC27), IDP28, me ngā chondrule waro. Te whakataurite i ngā meteorite 27 (CI, CM, CR, C2-ung). Kei te Ripanga Tāpiri 4 te hanganga isotopic. Ko ngā rārangi iraira ko ngā uara isotope whenua mō H me N.
Ko te kawe i ngā mea whakakorikori (hei tauira, ngā mea rauropi me te wai) ki te Ao he āwangawanga tonu26,27,33. Ko ngā mea rauropi iti-micron e hono ana ki ngā phyllosilicates matotoru i roto i ngā matūriki Ryugu i tautuhia i roto i tēnei rangahau he puna nui pea o ngā mea whakakorikori. He pai ake te tiaki i ngā mea rauropi i roto i ngā phyllosilicates matotoru mai i te pirau16,34 me te pirau35 i ngā mea rauropi i roto i ngā matrices matotoru. Ko te hanganga isotopic taumaha o te hauwai i roto i ngā matūriki ko te tikanga kāore pea koinei anake te puna o ngā mea whakakorikori i kawea ki te Ao o mua. Ka taea te whakaranu ki ngā wāhanga he hanganga isotopic hauwai māmā ake, e ai ki te whakapae tata nei mō te aroaro o te wai e peia ana e te hau i roto i ngā silicates.
I roto i tēnei rangahau, e whakaatu ana mātou ko ngā meteorite CI, ahakoa tō rātou hiranga matū whenua hei tohu mō te hanganga whānui o te pūnaha rā,6,10 he tauira poke whenua. Ka whakaratohia hoki e mātou he taunakitanga tika mō ngā taunekeneke i waenga i ngā mea rauropi aliphatic whai rawa me ngā kohuke wai tata, ā, e kī ana pea kei roto i a Ryugu ngā rauemi extrasolar37. E whakaatu mārama ana ngā hua o tēnei rangahau i te hiranga o te kohi tauira tika o ngā protoasteroids me te hiahia ki te kawe i ngā tauira kua whakahokia mai i raro i ngā āhuatanga korekore me te parakore. E whakaatu ana ngā taunakitanga e whakaatuhia ana i konei ko ngā matūriki Ryugu tētahi o ngā rauemi pūnaha rā tino kore poke e wātea ana mō te rangahau taiwhanga, ā, ko te rangahau anō i ēnei tauira utu nui ka whakawhānui ake i tō tātou māramatanga ki ngā tukanga pūnaha rā o mua. Ko ngā matūriki Ryugu te whakaaturanga pai rawa atu o te hanganga whānui o te pūnaha rā.
Hei whakatau i te hanganga moroiti matatini me ngā āhuatanga matū o ngā tauira tauine iti-micron, i whakamahia e mātou te tomography rorohiko e ahu mai ana i te irahiko synchrotron (SR-XCT) me te tātaritanga SR X-ray diffraction (XRD)-CT, FIB-STXM-NEXAFS-NanoSIMS-TEM. Kāore he pakaru, he parahanga nā te āhuarangi o te whenua, ā, kāore he kino mai i ngā matūriki iti, i ngā tauira miihini rānei. I tēnei wā, kua whakahaerehia e mātou he tātaritanga rōrahi pūnaha mā te whakamahi i te karu hiko matawai (SEM)-EDS, EPMA, XRD, tātaritanga whakahohenga neutron taputapu (INAA), me ngā taputapu whakapūoro isotope hāora laser. Kei te whakaatuhia ngā tikanga whakamātautau i te Pikitia Tāpiri 3, ā, kei ngā wāhanga e whai ake nei te whakaahuatanga o ia whakamātautau.
I tangohia mai ngā matūriki mai i te asteroid Ryugu mai i te waeine whakahokinga Hayabusa-2, ā, i tukuna ki te Pokapū Whakahaere JAXA i Sagamihara, Hapani, me te kore e whakapoke i te āhuarangi o te Ao4. Whai muri i te tautuhi tuatahi me te kore-whakangaro i tētahi whare e whakahaerehia ana e JAXA, whakamahia ngā ipu whakawhiti i waenga i ngā wāhi ka taea te hiri me ngā putea kāpū tauira (he karaihe hapaira 10, 15 mm rānei te whānui me te maitai kore waikura, i runga i te rahi o te tauira) hei karo i ngā pokanoa taiao. taiao. me/ranei ngā poke whenua (hei tauira, te kohu wai, ngā hauwaiwai, ngā hau āhuarangi me ngā matūriki pai) me te whakawhiti-para i waenga i ngā tauira i te wā e whakarite ana me te kawe ana i ngā tauira i waenga i ngā whare wānanga me ngā whare wānanga38. Hei karo i te pirau me te parahanga nā te taunekeneke ki te āhuarangi o te whenua (te mamaoa wai me te hāora), i mahia ngā momo whakaritenga tauira katoa (tae atu ki te tapatapahi ki te whao tantalum, te whakamahi i te kani waea taimana taurite (Meiwa Fosis Corporation DWS 3400) me te tapahi epoxy) te whakaritenga mō te tāutanga) i roto i te pouaka karapu i raro i te N2 maroke ma (te ira tomairangi: -80 ki te -60 °C, O2 ~50-100 ppm). Ka horoia ngā taonga katoa e whakamahia ana i konei ki te ranunga o te wai tino parakore me te etanoru mā te whakamahi i ngā ngaru ultrasonic o ngā auau rerekē.
I konei ka akohia e mātou te kohinga meteorite a te National Polar Research Institute (NIPR) o te Antarctic Meteorite Research Center (CI: Orgueil, CM2.4: Yamato (Y)-791198, CY: Y-82162 me CY: Y 980115).
Mō te whakawhiti i waenga i ngā taputapu mō te tātaritanga SR-XCT, NanoSIMS, STXM-NEXAFS me te TEM, i whakamahia e mātou te kaipupuri tauira tino angiangi whānui i whakaahuatia i roto i ngā rangahau o mua38.
I whakahaerehia te tātaritanga SR-XCT o ​​ngā tauira Ryugu mā te whakamahi i te pūnaha CT whakauru BL20XU/SPring-8. Kei roto i te pūnaha CT whakauru ngā momo ine: te tirohanga whānui me te aratau taumira iti (WL) hei hopu i te hanganga katoa o te tauira, te tirohanga whaiti me te aratau taumira teitei (NH) hei ine tika i te horahanga tauira. te aro me ngā whakaahua XRD hei whiwhi i te tauira diffraction o te rōrahi o te tauira, me te mahi XRD-CT hei whiwhi i te hoahoa 2D o ngā āhua kohuke papa whakapae i roto i te tauira. Kia mahara ka taea te mahi ine katoa me te kore e whakamahi i te pūnaha kua hangaia hei tango i te kaipupuri tauira mai i te turanga, e taea ai te ine tika i te CT me te XRD-CT. I whakauruhia te pūoko hihi-X aratau WL (BM AA40P; Hamamatsu Photonics) ki tētahi atu kāmera 4608 × 4608 pika metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) (C14120-20P; Hamamatsu Photonics) me tētahi scintillator kei roto ko te 10 lutetium konumohe garnet matotoru karaihe kotahi µm (Lu3Al5O12:Ce) me te arotahi whakawhiti. Ko te rahi pika i te aratau WL he tata ki te 0.848 µm. Nō reira, ko te mara tirohanga (FOV) i te aratau WL he tata ki te 6 mm i te aratau CT ōwehenga. I whakauruhia te pūoko hihi-X aratau NH (BM AA50; Hamamatsu Photonics) ki te scintillator gadolinium-aluminium-gallium garnet (Gd3Al2Ga3O12) he 20 µm te matotoru, he kāmera CMOS (C11440-22CU) me te taumira o te 2048 × 2048 pika; Hamamatsu Photonics) me te arotahi ×20. Ko te rahi o te pika i te aratau NH he ~0.25 µm, ā, ko te mara tirohanga he ~0.5 mm. I whakauruhia te pūoko hihi-X mō te aratau XRD (BM AA60; Hamamatsu Photonics) ki te scintillator kei roto ko te mata paura P43 (Gd2O2S:Tb) he 50 µm te matotoru, he kāmera CMOS taumira pika 2304 × 2304 (C15440-20UP; Hamamatsu Photonics) me te arotahi whakawhiti. Ko te rahi pika whai hua o te pūoko he 19.05 µm, ā, ko te whānuitanga tirohanga he 43.9 mm2. Hei whakanui ake i te FOV, i whakamahia e mātou he tikanga CT whakarerekē i te aratau WL. Ko te ahua mārama kua tukuna mō te hanga anō CT he ahua kei te awhe o te 180° ki te 360° e whakaata whakapae ana i te tuaka hurihuri, me te ahua kei te awhe o te 0° ki te 180°.
I roto i te aratau XRD, ka arotahihia te hihi X-ray e te pereti rohe Fresnel. I roto i tēnei aratau, ka whakanohoia te pūoko ki te 110 mm i muri i te tauira, ā, ko te aukati hihi kei te 3 mm i mua i te pūoko. I whiwhihia ngā whakaahua diffraction i roto i te awhe 2θ mai i te 1.43° ki te 18.00° (te pikinga kurupae d = 16.6–1.32 Å) me te arotahi o te wāhi hihi X-ray ki raro o te tirohanga a te pūoko. Ka neke poutū te tauira i ngā wā auau, me te haurua hurihanga mō ia taahiraa matawai poutū. Mena ka tutuki i ngā matūriki kohuke te tikanga Bragg ina hurihia e te 180°, ka taea te whiwhi diffraction o ngā matūriki kohuke i te papa whakapae. Kātahi ka whakakotahihia ngā whakaahua diffraction ki te kotahi ahua mō ia taahiraa matawai poutū. He tata rite tonu ngā tikanga whakamātautau SR-XRD-CT ki ērā mō te whakamātautau SR-XRD. I roto i te aratau XRD-CT, ka whakanohoia te pūoko ki te 69 mm i muri i te tauira. Ko ngā whakaahua whakarara i te awhe 2θ kei waenganui i te 1.2° ki te 17.68° (d = 19.73 ki te 1.35 Å), ina rite te hihi X-ray me te here hihi ki te pokapū o te tirohanga a te pūoko. Matawaihia te tauira whakapae, ka hurihia te tauira 180°. I hangaia anō ngā whakaahua SR-XRD-CT me ngā kaha kohuke tihi hei uara pika. Mā te matawai whakapae, ka matawaihia te tauira i roto i ngā hikoinga 500–1000.
Mō ngā whakamātautau katoa, i whakaritea te kaha o te hihi-X ki te 30 keV, nā te mea koinei te rohe o raro o te urunga o te hihi-X ki roto i ngā meteorite me te diameter o te 6 mm pea. Ko te maha o ngā whakaahua i riro mai mō ngā inenga CT katoa i te wā o te hurihanga 180° he 1800 (3600 mō te kaupapa CT offset), ā, ko te wā whakaatu mō ngā whakaahua he 100 ms mō te aratau WL, 300 ms mō te aratau NH, 500 ms mō te XRD, me te 50 ms . ms mō te XRD-CT ms. Ko te wā matawai tauira noa he 10 meneti i te aratau WL, 15 meneti i te aratau NH, 3 hāora mō te XRD, me te 8 hāora mō te SR-XRD-CT.
I hangaia anō ngā whakaahua CT mā te whakaata whakamuri honohono, ā, i whakatauritea kia rite ki te tauwehenga whakaiti raina mai i te 0 ki te 80 cm-1. I whakamahia te pūmanawa Slice hei tātari i ngā raraunga 3D, ā, i whakamahia te pūmanawa muXRD hei tātari i ngā raraunga XRD.
I āta whakakanapahia ngā matūriki Ryugu kua whakapūmauhia ki te epoxy (A0029, A0037, C0009, C0014 me C0068) ki runga i te mata ki te taumata o te kiriata whakakī taimana 0.5 µm (3M) i raro i ngā āhuatanga maroke, kia kore ai te rauemi e pā ki te mata i te wā e whakakanapahia ana. I tirohia tuatahitia te mata kua whakakanapahia o ia tauira mā te karuārai mārama, kātahi ka whakamahia ngā irahiko kua marara ki muri hei tiki i ngā whakaahua mineralogy me te kakano (BSE) o ngā tauira me ngā huānga NIPR kounga mā te whakamahi i te JEOL JSM-7100F SEM kua rite ki te pikitia ine hiko marara (AZtec). Mō ia tauira, i tātarihia te ihirangi o ngā huānga nui me ngā huānga iti mā te whakamahi i te microanalyzer probe irahiko (EPMA, JEOL JXA-8200). Tātarihia ngā matūriki phyllosilicate me te carbonate i te 5 nA, ngā paerewa taiao me te hangai i te 15 keV, ngā sulfides, te magnetite, te olivine, me te pyroxene i te 30 nA. I tatauhia ngā māka aratau mai i ngā mahere huānga me ngā whakaahua BSE mā te whakamahi i te pūmanawa ImageJ 1.53 me ngā paepae tika i whakatakotoria mō ia kohuke.
I whakahaerehia te tātaritanga isotope hāora i te Whare Wānanga Tuwhera (Milton Keynes, UK) mā te whakamahi i tētahi pūnaha whakapūorooro taiaho whero-whero. I tukuna ngā tauira Hayabusa2 ki te Whare Wānanga Tuwhera 38 i roto i ngā ipu kī tonu i te hauota hei whakawhiti i waenga i ngā whare.
I whakahaerehia te utaina o te tauira i roto i tētahi pouaka karapu hauota me te taumata hāora i aroturukitia i raro i te 0.1%. Mō te mahi tātari Hayabusa2, i hangaia he pūmau tauira Ni hou, e rua noa iho ngā kōhao tauira (te whānui 2.5 mm, te hohonu 5 mm), tētahi mō ngā matūriki Hayabusa2, ā, ko tētahi mō te paerewa o roto o te obsidian. I te wā o te tātari, i hipokina te puna tauira kei roto te rauemi Hayabusa2 ki tētahi matapihi BaF2 o roto, tata ki te 1 mm te matotoru, me te 3 mm te whānui hei pupuri i te tauira i te wā o te tauhohenga laser. I puritia te rere o te BrF5 ki te tauira mā te tapahi i tētahi hongere whakaranu hau i roto i te pūmau tauira Ni. I whirihorahia anō hoki te rūma tauira kia taea ai te tango mai i te raina whakapūhau korehau, kātahi ka whakatuwheratia ki roto i tētahi pouaka karapu kī tonu i te hauota. I hiritia te rūma e rua ngā wāhanga ki tētahi hiri pēhi parahi me tētahi rawhi mekameka EVAC Quick Release CeFIX 38. Mā tētahi matapihi BaF2 3 mm te matotoru i te tihi o te rūma ka taea te tirotiro i te tauira me te whakamahana laser i te wā kotahi. I muri i te utaina o te tauira, rawhia anō te rūma ka hono anō ki te raina whakapūhau. I mua i te tātaritanga, i whakamahanahia te rūma tauira i raro i te korehau ki te 95°C i te pō hei tango i te makuku kua mimitihia. I muri i te whakamahana i te pō, i tukuna te rūma kia whakamatao ki te pāmahana rūma, kātahi ka horoia te wāhanga i whakaatuhia ki te āhuarangi i te wā o te whakawhiti tauira ki ngā wāhanga e toru o te BrF5 hei tango i te makuku. Mā ēnei tikanga ka whakarite kia kore te tauira Hayabusa 2 e whakaatuhia ki te āhuarangi, ā, kia kore hoki e poke i te makuku mai i te wāhanga o te raina fluorinated e tukuna ana ki te āhuarangi i te wā e utaina ana te tauira.
I tātarihia ngā tauira matūriki Ryugu C0014-4 me Orgueil (CI) i roto i te aratau "kotahi" kua whakarerekētia42, i te mea i mahia te tātari Y-82162 (CY) i runga i te paepae kotahi me ngā puna tauira maha41. Nā te mea he kore wai tō rātou hanganga, kāore e tika kia whakamahia he tikanga kotahi mō ngā chondrite CY. I whakamahanahia ngā tauira mā te whakamahi i te laser CO2 infrared a Photon Machines Inc. he mana 50 W (10.6 µm) i whakanohoia ki runga i te gantry XYZ i te aroaro o BrF5. Ka aroturukihia e te pūnaha ataata kua hangaia te huarahi o te tauhohenga. I muri i te whakapūhautanga, i horoia te O2 kua tukuna mā te whakamahi i ngā mahanga hauota cryogenic e rua me te moenga wera o KBr hei tango i te nui o te fluorine. I tātarihia te hanganga isotopic o te hāora parakore i runga i te ine papatipu hongere-rua Thermo Fisher MAT 253 me te taumira papatipu tata ki te 200.
I ētahi wā, ko te nui o te hau O2 i tukuna i te wā o te tauhohenga o te tauira he iti iho i te 140 µg, koinei te rohe tata o te whakamahi i te taputapu pupuhi i runga i te ine papatipu MAT 253. I ēnei wā, whakamahia ngā rahinga iti mō te tātari. I muri i te tātari i ngā matūriki Hayabusa2, i whakapūhaumāotahia te paerewa ā-roto obsidian, ā, i whakatauhia tōna hanganga isotope hāora.
Ka pāngia te hihi e ngā katote o te kongakonga NF+ NF3+ me te papatipu 33 (16O17O). Hei whakakore i tēnei raruraru pea, ka tukatukahia te nuinga o ngā tauira mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga wehenga cryogenic. Ka taea tēnei te mahi i te ahunga whakamua i mua i te tātari MAT 253, mā te whakahoki rānei i te hau kua tātarihia ki te tātari ngota motuhake me te tuku anō i muri i te wehenga cryogenic. Ko te wehenga cryogenic ko te tuku hau ki te tātari ngota i te pāmahana hauota wai, kātahi ka tukuna ki roto i te tātari ngota tuatahi i te pāmahana -130°C. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā whakamātautau whānui kei te noho tonu te NF+ ki te tātari ngota tuatahi, ā, kāore he wehenga nui e puta ana mā te whakamahi i tēnei tikanga.
I runga i ngā tātaritanga auau o ā mātou paerewa obsidian ā-roto, ko te tika whānui o te pūnaha i roto i te aratau bellows ko: ±0.053‰ mō δ17O, ±0.095‰ mō δ18O, ±0.018‰ mō Δ17O (2 sd). Ka hoatu te tātaritanga isotope hāora i roto i te tuhipoka delta paerewa, ka tatauhia te delta18O penei:
Whakamahia hoki te ōwehenga 17O/16O mō te δ17O. Ko te VSMOW te paerewa ā-ao mō te Paerewa Wai Moana Toharite o Vienna. Ko te Δ17O te tohu i te rerekētanga mai i te rārangi wehewehenga whenua, ā, ko te tātai tatau ko: Δ17O = δ17O – 0.52 × δ18O. Kua whakatikatikaina ngā raraunga katoa i whakaaturia i roto i te Ripanga Tāpiri 3.
I tangohia ngā wāhanga tata ki te 150 ki te 200 nm te matotoru mai i ngā matūriki Ryugu mā te whakamahi i tētahi taputapu Hitachi High Tech SMI4050 FIB i JAMSTEC, Kochi Core Sampling Institute. Kia mōhio koe, i tangohia ngā wāhanga FIB katoa mai i ngā kongakonga kāore anō kia tukatukahia o ngā matūriki kāore anō kia tukatukahia i muri i te tangohanga mai i ngā oko kua whakakiia ki te hau N2 hei whakawhiti i waenga i ngā mea. Kāore i inehia ēnei kongakonga mā te SR-CT, engari i tukatukahia me te iti rawa o te pānga ki te āhuarangi o te whenua hei karo i ngā kino me ngā poke ka pā ki te whānuitanga waro K-edge. I muri i te whakatakotoranga o tētahi paparanga tiaki tungsten, i tapahia te rohe e hiahiatia ana (tae atu ki te 25 × 25 μm2) ā, i whakangawarihia ki tētahi hihi katote Ga+ i te ngaohiko tere o te 30 kV, kātahi ki te 5 kV me te iahiko tirotiro o te 40 pA hei whakaiti i te kino o te mata. I whakanohoia ngā wāhanga tino angiangi ki runga i tētahi mata parahi kua whakanuia (mata Kochi) 39 mā te whakamahi i tētahi micromanipulator kua rite ki te FIB.
I hiritia rua ngā pire Ryugu A0098 (1.6303mg) me C0068 (0.6483mg) ki roto i ngā rau polyethylene parakore tino parakore i roto i tētahi pouaka karapu kī tonu i te hauota parakore i runga i te SPring-8, kāore he taunekeneke ki te āhuarangi o te whenua. I whakahaerehia te whakarite tauira mō te JB-1 (he toka tohutoro matawhenua i tukuna e te Geological Survey of Japan) i te Whare Wānanga o Tokyo Metropolitan.
Kei te Whare Wānanga o Kyoto te INAA. E rua ngā wā i whakamātauria ai ngā tauira ki ngā huringa whakamātau rerekē i whiriwhiria e ai ki te haurua-ora o te nuclide i whakamahia mō te ine i ngā huānga. Tuatahi, i whakamātauria te tauira ki roto i te ngongo whakamātau hau mō te 30 hēkona. Ko ngā rerenga o ngā neutron wera me ngā neutron tere i te pikitia 3 ko te 4.6 × 1012 me te 9.6 × 1011 cm-2 s-1, ia, hei whakatau i ngā ihirangi o te Mg, Al, Ca, Ti, V me te Mn. Ko ngā matū pēnei i te MgO (99.99% parakore, Soekawa Chemical), Al (99.9% parakore, Soekawa Chemical), me te konganuku Si (99.999% parakore, FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical) i whakamātauria hoki hei whakatika i ngā tauhohenga karihi whakararuraru pēnei i te (n, n). I whakamātaohia hoki te tauira ki te konutai pūhaumāota (99.99% parakore; MANAC) hei whakatika i ngā panoni o te rerenga niutron.
I muri i te whakamātao i te niutron, ka whakakapia te pepa polyethylene o waho ki tētahi mea hou, ā, ka ine tonutia te irahiko gamma i tukuna e te tauira me te tohutoro ki tētahi taputapu kite Ge. I whakamātao anōtia ngā tauira ōrite mō ngā haora e 4 i roto i tētahi ngongo whakamātao hau. Kei te 2 ngā rerenga niutron wera me te tere o te 5.6 1012 me te 1.2 1012 cm-2 s-1, ia, hei whakatau i te Na, K, Ca, Sc, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Ga, As, Ihirangi Se, Sb, Os, Ir me te Au. I whakamātaotia ngā tauira whakahaere o Ga, As, Se, Sb, Os, Ir, me te Au mā te whakamahi i ngā rahinga tika (mai i te 10 ki te 50 μg) o ngā otinga paerewa o ngā kukū e mōhiotia ana o ēnei huānga ki runga i ngā wahi pepa tātari e rua, ā, i muri mai ka whakamātaotia ngā tauira. I mahia te tatau i te hihi gamma i te Institute of Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Sciences, Te Whare Wānanga o Kyoto me te RI Research Center, Te Whare Wānanga o Metropolitan Tokyo. He rite tonu ngā tukanga tātari me ngā rauemi tohutoro mō te whakatau tauanga o ngā huānga INAA ki ērā i whakaahuatia i roto i tā mātou mahi o mua.
I whakamahia he mita whakarara hihi-X (Rigaku SmartLab) hei kohi i ngā tauira whakarara o ngā tauira Ryugu A0029 (<1 mg), A0037 (≪1 mg) me C0087 (<1 mg) i NIPR. I whakamahia he mita whakarara hihi-X (Rigaku SmartLab) hei kohi i ngā tauira whakarara o ngā tauira Ryugu A0029 (<1 mg), A0037 (≪1 mg) me C0087 (<1 mg) i NIPR. Рентгеновский дифрактометр (Rigaku SmartLab) использовали для сбора дифракционных картин образцов Ryugu A0029 (<1 <7мг) (≤1 мг) (≤1 мг) мг) i te NIPR. I whakamahia he ine whakarara hihi-X (Rigaku SmartLab) hei kohi i ngā tauira whakarara o ngā tauira Ryugu A0029 (<1 mg), A0037 (≪1 mg), me C0087 (<1 mg) i roto i te NIPR.使用X 射线衍射仪(Rigaku SmartLab) 在NIPR 收集Ryugu 样品A0029 (<1 mg)、A0037 (<1 mg) 和C0087 (<1 mg) 的衍使用X 射线衍射仪(Rigaku SmartLab) 在NIPR 收集Ryugu 样品A0029 (<1 mg)、A0037 (<1 mg) 和C0087 (<1 mg) 的衍 Дифрактограммы образцов Ryugu A0029 (<1 мг), A0037 (<1 мг) и C0087 (<1 мг) были получены в NIPR с использованием рентрат (Rigaku SmartLab). I tangohia ngā tauira whakarara hihi-X o ngā tauira Ryugu A0029 (<1 mg), A0037 (<1 mg) me C0087 (<1 mg) i NIPR mā te whakamahi i tētahi ine whakarara hihi-X (Rigaku SmartLab).I hurihia ngā tauira katoa kia rite ki te paura angiangi i runga i tētahi anga kore-whakaata silicon mā te whakamahi i tētahi pereti karāhe hapaira, kātahi ka horahia kia ōrite ki runga i te anga kore-whakaata silicon me te kore he wai (wai, waipiro rānei). Ko ngā tikanga ine koia ēnei: ​​Ka whakaputaina te hihi-X Cu Kα i te ngaohiko ngongo o te 40 kV me te ia ngongo o te 40 mA, ko te roa o te āputa whakawhāiti he 10 mm, ko te koki wehewehenga he (1/6)°, ko te tere hurihuri i roto i te papa he 20 rpm, ā, ko te whānuitanga he 2θ (koki takirua Bragg) he 3-100°, ā, e 28 hāora te roa o te tātari. I whakamahia ngā whatu Bragg Brentano. Ko te taputapu kite he taputapu kite haurua-whakaata silicon kotahi-ahu (D/teX Ultra 250). I tangohia ngā hihi-X o Cu Kβ mā te whakamahi i tētahi tātari Ni. Mā te whakamahi i ngā tauira e wātea ana, i whakaritea ngā inenga o te saponite magnesian hangai (JCSS-3501, Kunimine Industries CO. Ltd), te serpentine (te serpentine rau, Miyazu, Nikka) me te pyrrhotite (monoclinic 4C, Chihua, Mexico Watts) hei tautuhi i ngā tihi me te whakamahi i ngā raraunga diffraction raraunga kōnae paura mai i te International Center for Diffraction Data, te dolomite (PDF 01-071-1662) me te magnetite (PDF 00-019-0629). I whakaritea hoki ngā raraunga diffraction mai i Ryugu ki ngā raraunga mō ngā chondrites waro kua whakarerekētia te wai, Orgueil CI, Y-791198 CM2.4, me Y 980115 CY (wāhanga whakamahana III, 500–750°C). I whakaatuhia e te whakataurite ngā āhuatanga ōrite ki Orgueil, engari kāore ki Y-791198 me Y 980115.
I inehia ngā hihi NEXAFS me te taha waro K o ngā wāhanga tino angiangi o ngā tauira i hangaia mai i te FIB mā te whakamahi i te hongere STXM BL4U i te whare UVSOR synchrotron i te Institute of Molecular Sciences (Okazaki, Hapani). Ko te rahi o te ira o te hihi e arotahi ana ki te whatu me te pereti rohe Fresnel he tata ki te 50 nm. Ko te taahiraa pūngao he 0.1 eV mō te hanganga pai o te rohe taha tata (283.6–292.0 eV) me te 0.5 eV (280.0–283.5 eV me te 292.5–300.0 eV) mō ngā rohe o mua me muri. I whakatakotoria te wā mō ia pika whakaahua ki te 2 ms. I muri i te tangohanga, i whakakīia te rūma tātari STXM ki te herium i te pēhanga o te 20 mbar. Ka āwhina tēnei ki te whakaiti i te nekehanga wera o ngā taputapu whatu hihi-X i roto i te rūma me te kaipupuri tauira, me te whakaiti hoki i te kino me/te waikura rānei o te tauira. I whakaputahia ngā ira waro K-edge NEXAFS mai i ngā raraunga kua whakarārangihia mā te whakamahi i te pūmanawa aXis2000 me te pūmanawa tukatuka raraunga STXM motuhake. Kia mahara ko te pouaka whakawhiti tauira me te pouaka karapu e whakamahia ana hei karo i te waikura me te poke o te tauira.
Whai muri i te tātaritanga STXM-NEXAFS, i tātarihia te hanganga isotopic o te hauwai, te waro, me te hauota o ngā poro Ryugu FIB mā te whakamahi i te whakaahua isotope me te JAMSTEC NanoSIMS 50L. Ka whakarāsterihia he hihi tuatahi Cs+ arotahi o te 2 pA mō te tātaritanga isotope waro me te hauota, me te 13 pA mō te tātaritanga isotope hauwai ki runga i te wāhi o te 24 × 24 µm2 ki te 30 × 30 µm2 i runga i te tauira. I muri i te rehu mua 3-meneti i te ia hihi tuatahi kaha, ka tīmata ia tātaritanga i muri i te whakau i te kaha o te hihi tuarua. Mō te tātaritanga o ngā isotope waro me te hauota, i whiwhihia ngā whakaahua o te 12C–, 13C–, 16O–, 12C14N– me te 12C15N– i te wā kotahi mā te whakamahi i te kitenga maha-whakarea irahiko e whitu me te taumira papatipu o te 9000 pea, he rawaka hei wehewehe i ngā matū isotopic katoa e tika ana. te pokanoa (arā, 12C1H i ​​runga i te 13C me te 13C14N i runga i te 12C15N). Mō te tātari i ngā isotope hauwai, i whiwhihia ngā whakaahua 1H-, 2D- me te 12C- me te taumira papatipu tata ki te 3000 me te kimi maha mā te whakamahi i ngā whakarea irahiko e toru. Kei roto i ia tātari he 30 whakaahua matawai o te rohe kotahi, me te whakaahua kotahi he 256 × 256 pika mō te tātari isotope waro me te hauota me te 128 × 128 pika mō te tātari isotope hauwai. Ko te wā whakaroa he 3000 µs ia pika mō te tātari isotope waro me te hauota me te 5000 µs ia pika mō te tātari isotope hauwai. Kua whakamahia e mātou te 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate hei paerewa isotope hauwai, waro me te hauota hei whakatikatika i te wehewehenga papatipu taputapu45.
Hei whakatau i te hanganga isotopic silicon o te graphite presolar i roto i te kōtaha FIB C0068-25, i whakamahia e mātou e ono ngā whakarea irahiko me te taumira papatipu tata ki te 9000. Ko ngā whakaahua he 256 × 256 pika me te wā whakaroa o te 3000 µs ia pika. I whakatikatikahia e mātou he taputapu wehewehe papatipu ma te whakamahi i ngā papa silicon hei paerewa hauwai, waro, me te isotope silicon.
I tukatukahia ngā whakaahua isotope mā te whakamahi i te pūmanawa whakaahua NanoSIMS45 a NASA. I whakatikatikaina ngā raraunga mō te wā mate whakarea irahiko (44 ns) me ngā pānga taenga mai tata-kotahi. He rerekē te whakaritenga matawai mō ia whakaahua hei whakatika i te nekenekehanga o te whakaahua i te wā e kohia ana. Ka hangaia te whakaahua isotope whakamutunga mā te tāpiri i ngā iona tuarua mai i ia whakaahua mō ia pika matawai.
I muri i te tātaritanga STXM-NEXAFS me te NanoSIMS, i tirotirohia ngā wāhanga FIB kotahi mā te whakamahi i te karu hiko tuku (JEOL JEM-ARM200F) i te ngaohiko tere o te 200 kV i Kochi, JAMSTEC. I tirohia te hanganga iti mā te whakamahi i te TEM kanapa me te TEM matawai koki-teitei i roto i te mara pōuri. I tautuhia ngā āhua o te kohuke mā te diffraction irahiko ira me te whakaahua roopu whatunga, ā, i mahia te tātaritanga matū mā te EDS me te pūoko nekeneke silicon 100 mm2 me te pūmanawa JEOL Analysis Station 4.30. Mō te tātaritanga tauanga, i inehia te kaha hihi-X āhuatanga mō ia huānga i roto i te aratau matawai TEM me te wā hopu raraunga pumau o te 30 s, he horahanga matawai hihi o ~100 × 100 nm2, me te ia hihi o te 50 pA. I whakatauhia te ōwehenga (Si + Al)-Mg-Fe i roto i ngā silicate paparanga mā te whakamahi i te tauwehenga whakamātautau k, i whakatikatikaina mō te matotoru, i whiwhi mai i te paerewa o te pyropagarnet taiao.
Kei te JAXA Data Archiveing ​​and Communication System (DARTS) https://www.darts.isas.jaxa.jp/curation/hayabusa2 ngā whakaahua me ngā tātaritanga katoa i whakamahia i roto i tēnei rangahau. Kei roto i tēnei tuhinga ngā raraunga taketake.
Kitari, K. et al. Te hanganga o te mata o te asteroid 162173 Ryugu i kitea e te taputapu Hayabusa2 NIRS3. Science 364, 272–275.
Kim, AJ Ngā chondrite waro momo-Yamato (CY): he rite ki te mata o te asteroid Ryugu? Geochemistry 79, 125531 (2019).
Pilorjet, S. et al. I whakahaerehia te tātaritanga hanganga tuatahi o ngā tauira Ryugu mā te whakamahi i te karuārai MicroOmega hyperspectral. National Astron. 6, 221–225 (2021).
Yada, T. et al. Te tātaritanga tuatahi o te tauira Hyabusa2 i whakahokia mai i te asteroid momo-C Ryugu. National Astron. 6, 214–220 (2021).