Nkọwa nke Editor: Annually.Mining Engineering features Industrial Minerals Review.E nwere ọtụtụ ndị na-etinye oge dị ukwuu na-emepụta ihe maka mbipụta a, ebe ha na-arụkwa ọrụ nke ha. Ekele maka ndị editọ nke nyochaa kwa afọ nke Industrial Minerals, Onye isi oche na Onye isi oche nke Kọmitii Nkà na ụzụ nke Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ụlọ Ọrụ na Aggregates Division, na ndị na-ede akwụkwọ profaịlụ.
Rajesh Raitani bụ onye otu SME nke Cytec Industries Inc. ma na-elekọta kọmitii nka maka ụlọ ọrụ mineral na ngalaba mkpokọta.
Enyemaka ha mere ka mbipụta nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke July kwe omume. N'aha ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ m, ndị editọ na-ekele ha.
Ụlọ ọrụ anọ - HC Spinks Clay Co., Inc., Imerys.Old Hickory Clay Co. na Unimin Corp. - Mined bọl ụrọ na anọ na-ekwu na 2013. Dị ka mmalite data, mmepụta bụ 1 metric ton (1.1 nde obere ton) na ọnụ ahịa atụmatụ nke $ 47 nde. Mmepụta mụbara 3 pasent site na obere ụgbọ ala 9.2 na 17.2 nde site na 9.1 nde ụgbọ ala 9.2. ọnụ ahịa na $ 45.1 nde. Tennessee bụ onye na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe, na-aza 64% nke mmepụta ụlọ, Texas.Mississippi na Kentucky sochiri. Ihe dị ka 67% nke mkpokọta ụrọ ụrọ na-emepụta bụ ikuku flotation, 22% bụ ụrọ siri ike ma ọ bụ agbaji agbaji, na 11% bụ mmiri mmiri.
N'afọ 2013, ndị na-emepụta bọlbụ ụlọ na-ere ụrọ na ahịa ndị a: ala seramiiki na mgbidi mgbidi (44%); mbupụ (21%); akụrụngwa ịdị ọcha (18%); ceramik dị iche iche (9%); site na njedebe na-eji na 2012 Mode na ugbu a ahịa, fillers, extenders na binders na unspecified ojiji (4% nke ọ bụla) .Ndị ọzọ ahịa akaụntụ maka ihe na-erughị 1% nke fọdụrụ bọl ụrọ rere ma ọ bụ na-eji.A na-akọ maka mmepụta nke fiberglass ma ọ bụ kasị filler, filler na binder ngwa nwere ike ịbụ isi kaolin ụrọ na-egwupụta ma ọ bụ zụta site bọl na-emepụta.
Dị ka a mbụ nnyocha e mere nke anụ ụlọ na-emepụta ụrọ ụrọ, nkezi price nke anụ ụlọ bọl ụrọ bụ gburugburu US $ 47 / t ($ 43 / t) na 2013, tụnyere US $ 46 / t ($ 42 / t) na 2012. The unit prices nke mbupụ na mbubata bọl ụrọ bụ $ 126 / t ($ 114 / st) na $ 373 / st ($ 3) tụnyere $ 373 / st ($ 3 0). $ 62 / t ($ 56 / st) na $ 314 / t ($ 285 / st) na 2013) na 2012, n'otu n'otu. The unit price nke ọtụtụ nnukwu mbupụ mụbara na 2013, na Mbupu nke ala-tonnage, elu-uru mbupụ okpukpu abụọ na 2013 ma e jiri ya tụnyere 2012, na-eme ka obere-mpụpụ uru. mbupu na 2013 mere ka mmụba nke uru mbubata.
Dị ka Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ọnụ Ọgụgụ nke United States si kwuo, 4,681 ton (516 tọn) nke ụrọ bọọlụ na-ebuba na 2013, ọnụ ahịa ya na $ 174,000, ma e jiri ya tụnyere 436 tọn (ton 481) ruru $ 137,000 na 2012. Ọtụtụ n'ime ụrọ bọọlụ sitere na United Kingdom. The US Census Bureau kọrọ na mbupụ na 2013 bụ 52.2 carats (57,500 mkpụmkpụ ton) uru $6.6 nde, ma e jiri ya tụnyere 74 carats (81.600 tọn) na 2012, Bara uru na $4.58 nde. The isi ebe maka exported bọl ụrọ na-agbada, Belgium centeragu, isi mba Europe na-ebupụ na mba ndị dị na Venezuela. pasent nke US bọọlụ na-ebupụ. Ndị na-emepụta US na-akọkarị mbupụ abụọ ruo okpukpu atọ dị ka Ụlọ Ọrụ Ọnụ Ọgụgụ US. Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ mbubata ahia nke Ministry of Economy Mexico bipụtara, mbupụ ụrọ bọọlụ nke nnukwu tonnage sitere na United States gaa Mexico nwere ike nkewa dị ka kaolin.
The anya maka bọl ụrọ ụlọ ọrụ bụ ahịa uto dị ka US aku na uba na-aga n'ihu na-agbake si nlaazu.In 2013, azụmahịa ewu na residential ewu omume ndị dị oké egwu na bọl ụrọ ahịa n'ihi na ha na-eji na-emepụta nke seramiiki tile na sanitary ware.The US Census Bureau kọrọ 923,000 onwe ụlọ unit na-amalite na 2013, ma e jiri ya tụnyere 1 00201821 percent starts, otu 100201821 1001 1001 101 100 100 100 100 100 111 amalite na 1. mmụba. Uru nke ụlọ obibi na ụlọ ndị na-abụghị ndị e dechara na 2013 mụbara pasent 5 ruo $ 898 site na ijeri $ 857 na 2012. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, a na-edozi nsogbu mgbagha n'ọtụtụ akụkụ nke United States, na-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụlọ ndị efu na ahịa. N'agbanyeghị mmelite ndị a, mmalite ụlọ ka dị n'okpuru ọkwa nkwụsịtụ tupu oge eruo.
Ịre ụlọ nke ụrọ ụrọ na-emetụtakwa mbubata nke ngwaahịa ụrọ dị ka taịlị na ihe dị ọcha.In 2013, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke taịlị ndị a na-ebubata belatara site na $ 62.1 nde na 5.86 square mita (63.1 nde square ụkwụ) na 2012 ruo 5.58 square mita (60.1 nde square ụkwụ) ruru $ 64 nke Haredu. 6907.10.00, 6908.10.10, 6908.10.20, 6908.10.50 N'usoro nrịdata nke olu, China (22%); Mexico (21%); Italy na Turkey (10% nke ọ bụla); Brazil (7%); Colombia, Peru (5%) karịa ndị si China, dị ka ndị na-emepụta US bụ ndị na-ebunye ụrọ ụrọ na ụlọ ọrụ seramiiki Mexico. Mmụba nke ọrụ ihe owuwu na-egosi na uto nke ire ụrọ ụrọ ụlọ na 2014 nwere ike ịdị ka nke 2013.*
A na-ebubata ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ bauxite niile a na-eri na United States.Alabama, Arkansas, na Georgia na-emepụta obere ụrọ bauxite na bauxite maka ihe ndị na-abụghị metallurgical.
Metallurgical ọkwa bauxite (keadighi rarii akọrọ) mbubata ngụkọta 9.8 metric tonne (10.1 nde ọkọlọtọ tonne) na 2013, a 5% mbelata 2012 mbubata. (144,400 obere tọn) refractory ọkwa calcined bauxite ebubata, mmụba nke 58% kwa afọ.
Mbubata nke refractory ọkwa calcined bauxite mụbara tụnyere 2012, na-eduga replenishment nke inventories dị ka mbupụ nke bauxite dabeere refractory ngwaahịa ebelata tụnyere 2012. Domestic ígwè mmepụta, nke bụ isi ojiji nke bauxite dabeere refractory ngwaahịa, dara banyere 2% na 202014 . (44%) bụ isi ebe mbubata bauxite calcined ọkwa mgbagha US.
Mbubata nke ọkwa calcined bauxite na-abụghị nke refractory ngụkọta 455 carats (501,500 obere ton) na 2013, mmụba 40% karịa mbubata 2012. A na-ekwu na uto ahụ sitere na mmụba nke bauxite na ciment, ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe maka hydraulic fracturing, Australia 8% na Brazil 8% (Guuyana) (20%) bụ isi mmalite.
Na 2013, United States na-ebupụ 9-carat (9,900 st) refractory ọkwa calcined bauxite, mmụba 40% karịa mbupụ 2012, yana Canada (72%) na Mexico (7%) bụ ebe ndị bụ isi. (14,300 obere tọn) na 2012. Nnukwu akọrọ bauxite na-ebupụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 4,000 tonnes (4,400 shortton), 59% na-ebelata site na 2012 mbupụ, na Canada (82%) bụ isi ebe.
A na-eme atụmatụ mmepụta alumina nke ụlọ na 4.1 metric ton (4.6 million short ton) na 2013, gbadaa 7% site na 2012. The ọdịda bụ n'ihi na obere mmepụta na Ormet Corp.'s 540 t / y (595,000 st) Burnside, Los Angeles refinery. Abụọ n'ime atọ n'ime ala nke ike ya bụ otu n'ime August. rere ya Almatis GmbH wee malitekwa n'etiti Disemba.
Mkpokọta alumina mbubata na 2013 bụ 2.05 metric ton (2.26 nde ọkọlọtọ ọkọlọtọ), 8% na-abawanye n'elu 2012 alumina mbubata.Australia (37%), Suriname (35%) na Brazil (12%) bụ isi ihe. 27% na-abawanye n'elu 2012 mbupụ. N'ime ha, Canada (35%), Egypt (17%) na Iceland (13%) bụ isi ebe.
Mkpokọta anụ ụlọ bauxite oriri (na a crude akọrọ ndabere) na 2013 e mere atụmatụ na 9.8 mt (10.1 nde ọkọlọtọ tọn), 2% elu karịa na 2012. Nke a, ihe dị ka 8.8 metric ton (9.1 nde ọkọlọtọ ton) e ji na-emepụta alumina.6% ala karịa nke gara aga nke emeputa alumina.6% ala karịa nke emepụtara afọ. chemicals na refractories, nakwa dị ka ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ, ígwè mmepụta na mmiri ọgwụgwọ.
Ngụkọta anụ ụlọ alumina oriri nke ụlọ ọrụ aluminom na 2013 bụ 3.89 metric ton (4.29 nde ọkọlọtọ ton), mbelata nke 6% site na 2012. Na 2013, ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ dị na United States riri ihe dị ka 490 kilotons (540,000 ọkọlọtọ tons) nke alumina 161% belatara site na 161% nke aluminant. alumina gụnyere abrasives, ciment, ceramik na kemịkalụ.
Ọnụ ahịa bauxite na-ebubata na mbupụ dịgasị iche site na isi mmalite, ebe na ọkwa ọkwa. Ọnụ ahịa otu maka ọkwa refractory calcined bauxite sitere na isi mmalite na 2013 bụ $813 / t ($ 737 / st) sitere na Brazil (elu 5%) na $ 480 / t ($ 435 / st) sitere na China (dabere ntakịrị) na $ 441 (site na Guyana ntakịrị).
Ọnụ ahịa maka ọkwa calcined bauxite na-abụghị nke a na-ebubata site na isi mmalite sitere na $56/t ($51/st) na Australia (gbadata 20%) ruo $65/t ($59/st) na Greece (elu 12%) na 2013 nke alumina a na-ebubata na 2013 bụ $ 396 / t ($ 359 / st), 3% dị ala karịa na 2012 2012. Ọnụ ego nke alumina na-ebupụ na US dara site na 11% ruo $ 400 na 2013 ma e jiri ya tụnyere 2012 ahịa / t ($ 363 / st).
Ọnụ ahịa aluminom nọgidere na 2013 ruo nkeji mbụ nke 2014. A na-akpọ ọnụ ahịa aluminom dị ala na ụgwọ ọkụ eletrik dị elu dị ka ihe kpatara nkwụsị nke otu ụlọ bụ isi aluminum smelter na 2013 na ọkwa nke mmechi nke ọzọ bụ isi aluminum smelter na mbụ nkeji iri na ise nke 2014. New Energy Na njedebe nke 20120 nke aluminum na mmalite nke aluminom nke atọ nke 20120 na mmalite nke aluminom nke atọ. suppliers ruru nkwekọrịta ọkọnọ ike. Otú ọ dị, ndị nwe abụọ ọzọ smelters na-agbalị ịkparịta ụka ike amụọ iji belata ọnụ ahịa ọkụ eletrik.
Ọ bụ ezie na ọnụ ahịa aluminom kwụsiri ike na nkeji mbụ nke 2014, alumina chọrọ ga-adabere na nkwekọrịta ọkụ ọkụ ọhụrụ na ụfọdụ smelters. Ọ bụ ezie na ọnụ ahịa gas gas na United States nọgidere na-arị elu n'afọ gara aga, a na-atụ anya na ọnụ ahịa dị ala ga-anọgide na-enye uru ndị na-eri ihe na ụlọ alumina refiners na 2014.
Mbubata nke refractory-grade calcined bauxite na-atụ anya na ọ ga-adabere na mmepụta ígwè, ma dochie ígwè na aluminum site na ndị na-emepụta ụgbọala na-achọ imeziwanye mmanụ ọkụ nwere ike ibelata ọchịchọ nke ígwè na refractory ngwaahịa maka ígwè.
Na 2013, ụlọ ọrụ bentonite nọgidere na-agbanweghị site na 2012. Total US mmepụta na ahịa bụ 4.95 metric ton (5.4 nde ogidi), tụnyere 4.98 metric ton (5.5 nde ogidi) na 2012. The mmepụta nke gbasaa bentonite na-achịkwa Wyoming. na Colorado.By 2011, mgbake site na US na ụwa nlaazu (2007-2009) pụtara na-n'ụzọ zuru ezu zuru ezu. Otú ọ dị, ụlọ mmepụta na ndị metụtara bentonite ewu ojiji na-emesị malite na recover.Na North America (US na Canada), fụrụ akpụ sodium bentonite na-achịkwa ndị na-abụghị fụrụ akpụ calcium bentonite, aza ajụjụ maka n'elu 97% bentonite na-emepụta ihe na-emepe emepe bentonite. na Alabama, Mississippi, Arizona, California na Nevada. Ihe kachasị eji bentonite na-agbasaghị bụ ihe nkpuchi ájá, ọgwụgwọ mmiri na nzacha.
N'ụwa nile, onye na-emepụta sodium activated bentonite bụ Greece.China, Egypt na India.AMCOL (nke bụbu American Colloid Co.) nọgidere bụrụ onye na-emepụta sodium bentonite na ihe dị ka 40% ahịa ahịa, ebe BPM Minerals LLC (onye enyemaka Halliburton) nwere ihe dị ka 30% Black Market share. Wyo-Ben.Ọ dịghị ọhụrụ bentonite na-emepụta malitere ewu na 2013.Wyo-Ben Inc. meghere a ọhụrụ mine nso Thermopolis, Wyoming. The nkwụnye ego na-echekwa na-atụ anya na-adịru dịkarịa ala 10 ka 20 years. Raw ihe onwunwe efu nọgidere kwụsie ike, mgbe gwongworo ibu ọnụego na-agbanweghi agbanwe na 2013.
Drilling-grade bentonite for oil and gas drilling and recovery was the most most use of expanded bentonite in 2013, na-emepụta ihe dịka 1.15 metric tons (1.26 million short ton) . Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke rigs na-arụ ọrụ nọgidere na-abawanye na 2013, na-ekwenye na nlọghachi nke mmanụ na mmanụ gas na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta shaleton.
The caked Pet waste absorbent market is the second most most market for granular expanded bentonite. Ọ bụ ezie na ìgwè anụ ụlọ ruru 1.24 metric ton (1.36 nde metric ton) na 2005, ọ na-agbanwe n'etiti 1.05 na 1.08 metric ton (1.15) na metric tons (1.15) na 1. 1.05 metrik tọn (1.15 nde metric ton) na 2013 mt).
Iron ore pellets maka ịgbasa bentonite bụ nke atọ kasị ukwuu ahịa, na-eto ruo 550 kilotons (606.000 shortton) na 2013 ka ọchịchọ ígwè abawanyela maka US ụgbọ ala na arọ ngwá ọrụ.
Ebe ọ bụ na 2011, nkezi ego nke gbasaa bentonite na-eji dị ka ihe nkedo na fondry ájá maka ígwè na ndị ọzọ ọla karịa 500 carats (550,000 shortton) .Mpụta nke ọhụrụ ngwaahịa na-adịghị budata mmetụta anọ a nnukwu granular na powdered gbasaa bentonite ahịa.
The ahịa maka bentonite maka obodo engineering ngwa, nkewa iche site na 2005, bụ 175 carats (192,000 mkpụmkpụ ton), na-egosi na ahịa malitere naghachi site nlaazu nke 2008. The waterproofing na akara bentonite ahịa nọgidere na-eto eto na-ewu ụlọ ọrụ na-esonụ US nlaazu, na-eru 1650 obere ụgbọ ala (150 na ụgbọ ala). 2013.The ahịa maka ndị ọzọ obere gbasaa bentonites maka adhesives, anụmanụ nri, fillers na fillers, na ndị ọzọ ngwa na-adịkarịghị enwetaghachi na 2008 nlaazu.
Otu obere akụkụ nke ahịa bentonite bụ ọkachamara na ihe ọṅụṅụ na mmanya na-akọwapụta na ngwaahịa organoclay.AMCOL, Southern Clay Products, Sud Chemie na Elementis Specialties Inc. na-achụso ahịa bentonite nanocomposite. na-aga n'ihu na-emepụta ngwaahịa organoclay dị ọnụ ala dịka Bentone 910, Bentone 920 na Bentone 990 maka mmiri mmiri na-egwupụta mmanụ.
Ebe ọ bụ na nkwụghachi ụgwọ zuru ụwa ọnụ na 2008, ọnụego mgbanwe nke US dollar enyerela aka ịbawanye mbupụ bentonite. Na 2013, ndị na-emepụta bentonite n'ime ụlọ kọrọ na mbupụ nke 950 carats (1.05 nde obere tọn) nke bentonite maka ịkụ ala apịtị, ihe nkpuchi ájá na ihe ndị ọzọ dị iche iche na-ebubata na Canada. Greece
Bismuth bụ ihe dị arọ karị nke na-ejikọta ya na antimony. Ọ bụ ngwaahịa sitere na lead na tungsten mmịpụta, na n'ókè dị nta ọla kọpa na tin.Antimony bụ ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ.
Ogige bismuth na antimony na ihe eji eme ihe na-abụghị ọla na-akpata ọtụtụ n'ime oriri kemịkalụ ndị a. A naghị ejikarị ya dị ka igwe ma ọ bụ alloy.
Otu kachasị na njedebe maka bismuth bụ otu kemịkalụ, nke gụnyere ọgwụ ndị dị ka Pepto Bismol (bismuth subsalicylate), ihe ịchọ mma anya nwere mmetụta pearlescent (bismuth oxychloride), ihe na-akpata, na ojiji kemịkalụ ndị ọzọ dị ka agba (Bismuth Vanadate Yellow).
Ndị ọzọ kacha mkpa njedebe njedebe maka bismuth bụ metallurgical additive group, nke mejupụtara ya na-egbochi crystallization nke graphite si carbon supersaturated gbazee ígwè, na-akwalite free machining nke ígwè, ọla kọpa na aluminom, na-akwalite edo mkpuchi na galvanizing.N'ihi na niile ngwa nke a mgbakwunye otu, bismuth adịghị eme dị ka ihe alloying mmadụ, kama catalysts na-eme ka a na-eme ihe dị ka a alloying gị n'ụlọnga, kama ọ na-eme ka ndị na-eme ihe dị ka onye na-eme ihe dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe, kama ọ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ onye na-eme ihe dị ka onye na-eme ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka onye na-eme ihe na-eme ihe. Njirimara.Steel chọrọ naanị 0.1% bismuth ma ọ bụ selenium maka ịrụ ọrụ dị mma. E jiri ya tụnyere ndị a na-eji njedebe eme ihe, òtù bismuth alloy na-akwụ ụgwọ maka obere ego nke bismuth ma jiri ya mee ihe na ihe ndị na-egbuke egbuke, ihe ndị ọzọ na-agbaze ala, na mgboagha.
Ihe kachasị eji antimony eme ihe dị ka ọkụ na-ere ọkụ, tumadi na ọgwụgwọ plastik, adhesives na textiles.Antimony oxide nwere ọrụ pụrụ iche dị ka gas-phase free radical quencher na ire ere, dị iche iche isi halogenated ihe eji dị ka ire ọkụ retardants.
Klas ọzọ nke ngwaahịa ndị na-abụghị ọla na-ejikarị eme ihe na pigmenti na iko (gụnyere ceramics) .Antimony oxide na ọtụtụ iko na seramiki na-arụ ọrụ dị ka opacifier, ma antimony na ọpụrụiche enyo nwere ike dokwuo anya ha. The antimony lead na alloy otu mejupụtara bụ isi nke antimony lead eji na mmanụ ụgbọala na-akwado batrị ụgbọ ala batrị.
Ntughari sitere na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-agaghị ekwe omume (bismuth na ọgwụ afọ na ihe ịchọ mma n'ihi na a na-agbasasị ya kpamkpam) na-ebelata ihe isi ike, dị ka antimony in flame retardants, metallurgical additives na bismuth in galvanizing, antimony in glass Bismuth in Additives and Catalysts. Ụzọ kacha mfe, dị mfe na dị ọnụ ala iji megharịa bismuth na fusible alloys na ndị ọzọ alloys na antimony na batrị antimony lead plates.
Mbubata US nke bismuth metal nọgidere na-agbanweghị agbanwe na 2012 na 2013 na 1,699 ton (1,872 short ton) na 1,708 ton (1,882 shortton) .Antimony oxide, nke kacha ebubata site na olu, bụ 20.7 carats (22 tons 22,800) 21.9 carats (24,100 ton) na 2013, ntakịrị mmụba. Ọnwa abụọ nke 2014 data na-egosi na ụkpụrụ a na-aga n'ihu. United States Geological Survey (USGS) anaghịzi ebipụta akwụkwọ nyocha nke bismuth nkeji iri na ise.
Ngụkọta ngwụcha afọ 2011 (bipụtara ọhụrụ) maka oriri bismuth na United States bụ tọn 222 (ton 245) maka otu mgbakwunye metallurgical na ton 54 (ton 59) maka bismuth alloys. Ntụle bụ tumadi maka kemịkalụ, 6681 (736 st).
Oriri antimony nke USGS pụtara na United States bụ carats 21.7 (ton 23,900 dị mkpụmkpụ) na 2012 na carats 24 (ton 26,500 mkpụmkpụ) na 2013.
Na enweghị ọtụtụ data, ihe 2013 maka bismuth dị ntakịrị gbanwere. Maka antimony, nyochaa obere data, oriri na 2013 kwesịrị ịdị gburugburu 10% karịa na 2012. Na 2014, bismuth yiri ka ọ ga-anọgide na-agbanwe agbanwe na antimony na-agbada ntakịrị.
Nri mineral anọ bụ pasent 90 nke borates ndị ụlọ ọrụ na-eji eme ihe n'ụwa nile—sodium borate, calcium tin, na potassium; calcium borate, calcium stearate; na calcium sodium borate, colemanite.Borax bụ a na-acha ọcha crystalline umi chemically mara dị ka sodium tetraborate decahydrate, nke pụtara ndammana na ịnweta tin.Boric acid bụ a colorless, crystalline siri ike na-ere na teknuzu, ala prescription na pụrụ iche àgwà akara ule na granular ma ọ bụ ntụ ntụ ụdị, ọtụtụ mgbe dị ka anhydrous boric acid.Borate nkwụnye ego na-ejikọta na a kasị elu aku na uba na US depositable ọrụ na volcanic ọrụ na volcanic ọrụ. Ọzara Mojave dị nso boron.CA, Alpine Belt nke South Asia, Andean Belt nke South America. A na-atụkarị ịdị mma nke akụrụngwa ma ọ bụ idobere n'usoro nke boron trioxide (B,0,) nke dabara na ọdịnaya ya.
2013 US mmepụta nke boron mineral na ogige mụbara ntakịrị site 2012; Ụlọ ọrụ abụọ dị na Southern California na-emepụta boron mineral, bụ isi sodium borate.Rio Tinto Borax, a kpamkpam ekesịpde enyemaka nke UK dabeere Rio Tinto Minerals pic, extracts core rock and tin-calcium through open olulu Ngwuputa ụzọ na ya na-arụ ọrụ na Boron, California na-enwetakwa mineral acid n'ime ya na-arụ ọrụ na Boron, California. a na-emepụta m na ụgbọ okporo ígwè ma ọ bụ gwongworo na ndị ahịa nọ na North America ma ọ bụ na-ere ya na mba ụwa site na Port of Los Angeles.Specialty borates, dị ka ọrụ ugbo, ihe nchekwa osisi na ire ọkụ na-emepụta na Wilmington, CA, na Borax.plant.Searles Valley Minerals, Inc. Osisi SVM's Trôna na Westend, a na-anụcha brine ndị a n'ime mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ, decahydrate na borax pentahydrate.
A na-eri mineral boron na kemịkalụ n'ụzọ bụ isi n'ebe ugwu Central na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ United States. Atụmatụ nkesa nkesa maka ogige boron riri na United States na 2013 bụ iko na ceramik, 80%; ncha, ncha, na ịcha ọcha, 4%; ọrụ ugbo, 4%; enamels na glazes, 3% na ojiji ndị ọzọ, 9% Boron na-eji iko dị ka ihe mgbakwunye iji belata mgbasawanye ọkụ; kwalite ike, nguzogide kemịkalụ, na ịdịte aka; ma na-enye iguzogide vibration, elu okpomọkụ, na thermal shock.Mkpuchi na textile fiberglass bụ kasị otu ojiji nke borates n'ụwa nile.
Boron bụ obere ihe na-edozi ahụ nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ọrụ ugbo, tumadi maka ịkwalite mmepụta mkpụrụ. Fatịlaịza boron na-esite na borax na monetite, nke a na-ebute site na mmiri ịgba mmiri ma ọ bụ ịgba mmiri n'ihi nnukwu mmiri mmiri.
US sodium borate na-ebupụ bụ 650 kt (716,000 st) na 2013, ntakịrị mmụba site na 646 kt (712,000 st) na 2012. Mbupụ Boric acid nọgidere na-agbanweghị na 190 kt (209,000 st) . Ọnụ ahịa otu nke $ 84 na-ebupụ na boric acids $ 84. 2012 na $ 910 / t ($ 740 / st) na 2013. Onye na-enweta isi na-ebupụ boric acid na 2013 bụ South Korea, na-aza ajụjụ maka 20 percent. Turkey.Uru unit nke boric acid bubata na 2013 bụ $687/t ($623/st), site na $782/1 ($709/st) na 2012.
Turkey na United States duru ụwa na borate mmepụta na 2013. Ewezuga US mmepụta, ngụkọta ụwa borate arọ e mere atụmatụ na 4.9 metric ton (5.4 nde shortton) na 2013, 11 percent abawanye site 2012.
Argentina bụ nnukwu onye na-emepụta boron ore na South America. Mmụba na-adịbeghị anya na mmepụta borate na Argentina, karịsịa boric acid, bụ n'ihi ụbara ọchịchọ nke borates sitere na ụlọ ọrụ seramiiki na iko na Asia na North America.