Amacandelo okukhusela ipompo abonakaliswe ukukhusela iimpompo kwisanti kunye nokwandisa ubomi bokusebenza kwe-ESPs kwimithombo engavumelekanga.Esi sisombululo silawula umva kwesanti ye-frac kunye nezinye izinto eziqinileyo ezinokubangela ukugqithisa kunye nokunciphisa ixesha.Ubuchwephesha obuvumelayo buphelisa iingxaki ezinxulumene nokungaqiniseki kokusabalalisa ubungakanani be-particle.
Njengoko imigodi yeoli eninzi ixhomekeke kwi-ESPs, ukwandisa ubomi beenkqubo zokupompa i-electric submersible pumping (ESP) iba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu.Ubomi bokusebenza kunye nokusebenza kweempompo zokunyusa ezenziweyo zivakalelwa kwizinto eziqinileyo kwii-fluids eziveliswayo.Ubomi bokusebenza kunye nokusebenza kwe-ESP kwehle kakhulu ngokunyuka kwamasuntswana aqinileyo.Ukongezelela, i-solids yandisa ixesha lokunciphisa kakuhle kunye nokusebenza kwe-ESP efunekayo ukuze kuthathelwe indawo i-frequency workover frequency.
Amasuntswana aqinileyo ahlala equkuqela kwiimpompo zokunyusa ezenziweyo abandakanya isanti yokwakheka, i-hydraulic fracturing proppants, isamente, kunye namasuntswana esinyithi akhukulisiweyo okanye agxumekileyo.Iitekhnoloji zeDownhole ezenzelwe ukwahlula izinto eziqinileyo ukusuka kwizitshingitshane ezisebenza kancinci ukuya kwi-3D ephezulu yobuchule bentsimbi engenastainless wire mesh. kwaye zisetyenziselwa ngokuyinhloko ukukhusela iimpompo ezivela kwiincinci ezinkulu ngexesha lokuvelisa.Nangona kunjalo, amaqula angaqhelekanga axhomekeke ekuhambeni kwexesha le-slug, okubangela ukuba iteknoloji ekhoyo ye-downhole ye-vortex separator isebenza kuphela ngokukhawuleza.
ezahlukeneyo ezahlukeneyo izikrini zolawulo isanti ezidityanisiweyo kunye downhole vortex desanders ziye zacetywa ukukhusela ESPs.Noko ke, kukho izikhewu kukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza imveliso yazo zonke iimpompo ngenxa yokungaqiniseki kubungakanani ukwabiwa kunye nomthamo izinto eziqinileyo eziveliswa well.Ukungaqiniseki kwandisa ubude amacandelo ulawulo lwesanti, ngaloo ndlela ukunciphisa ubunzulu ukuhla ukuseta, ESP enokubakho umda, kunye ne-ESP enokuthi ibekwe umda, i-ESP ifuthe elibi kakuhle kwezoqoqosho.Ubunzulu ukumisa ubunzulu zikhethwa kwiqula ezingavumelekanga.Noko ke, ukusetyenziswa de-sanders kunye iankile eludaka iplagi indoda ukumisa iindibano zolawulo isanti emide, engqongqo kumacandelo casing kunye ubukhali dogleg eliphezulu limited ESP MTBF uphuculo.Ukonakala kwetyhubhu yangaphakathi enye inkalo ayikhange ibelude loyilo.
Ababhali bephepha le-2005 babonise iziphumo zovavanyo lwesanti yesanti ephantsi kwe-downhole esekelwe kwi-tube ye-cyclone (Umfanekiso 1), oxhomekeke kwisenzo se-cyclone kunye nobunzima, ukubonisa ukuba ukwahlukana kakuhle kuxhomekeke kwi-viscosity yeoli, izinga lokuhamba, kunye nobukhulu be-particle. ukunciphisa ubungakanani be-particle eqinile, kunye nokwandisa i-oil viscosity, i-Figure 2. Kwi-cyclone ye-tube ye-downhole separator eqhelekileyo, ukuhlukana okusebenzayo kwehla ukuya kwi- ~ 10% njengoko ubungakanani be-particle buhla kwi ~ 100 µm. Ukongezelela, njengoko izinga lokuhamba linyuka, i-vortex separator ixhomekeke kwi-erosion wear, echaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwamacandelo obomi.
Enye indlela elandelayo enengqiqo kukusebenzisa isikrini solawulo lwesanti ye-2D kunye nobubanzi obuchaziweyo be-slot.Ubungakanani be-Particle kunye nokusabalalisa kubalulekile ukuqwalaselwa xa ukhetha izikrini zokucoca izinto eziqinileyo kwimveliso eqhelekileyo okanye engavumelekanga, kodwa inokuba ingaziwa.Izinto eziqinileyo zingavela kwi-reservoir, kodwa zinokuhluka ukusuka kwisithende ukuya kwisithende; ngenye indlela, isikrini sinokudinga ukuhluza isanti kwi-hydraulic fracturing.Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ixabiso lokuqokelelwa kwezinto eziqinileyo, uhlalutyo kunye novavanyo lunokuthintela.
Ukuba isikrini se-tubing ye-2D ayicwangciswanga ngokufanelekileyo, iziphumo zinokuthi ziphazamise uqoqosho lwe-well.I-Sand screen ukuvuleka kwesikrini esincinci kakhulu kunokubangela ukuba iplagi ifakwe ngaphambi kwexesha, ukuvalwa kunye nesidingo sokusebenza ngokulungisa. i-sandblasting kunye ne-disposal.Le meko idinga isisombululo esilula, esineendleko ezinokwandisa ubomi bempompo kunye nokugubungela ukusabalalisa okubanzi kweesanti.
Ukuhlangabezana nale mfuno, uphononongo lwenziwa malunga nokusetyenziswa kweendibano zevalve ngokudityaniswa kunye nentsimbi yentsimbi enomnatha, engenaluvelwano kwisiphumo sokwabiwa kwezinto eziqinileyo.Uphononongo lubonise ukuba umnatha wocingo lwentsimbi engenastainless kunye nobungakanani bepore eguquguqukayo kunye nesakhiwo se-3D sinokulawula ngokufanelekileyo izinto eziqinileyo zobukhulu obahlukeneyo ngaphandle kokwazi ukusabalalisa ubungakanani besuntswana lesiphumo. imfuno yohluzo olongezelelweyo lwesibini.
Indibano yevalvu ebekwe emazantsi ekhusi ivumela imveliso ukuba iqhubeke de i-ESP ikhutshwe.Ithintela i-ESP ukuba ingafunyanwa ngoko nangoko emva kokuba isikrini sivaliwe.Isiphumo sesikrini sokulawula isanti yesanti kunye nendibano yevalvu ikhusela ii-ESPs, iimpompo zokuphakamisa intonga, kunye nokugqitywa kwegesi yokunyusa ukusuka kwizinto eziqinileyo ngexesha lemveliso ngokucoca ukuhamba kwamanzi kwaye ibonelela ngeendleko-esebenzayo zokufumana isisombululo sokwandisa umgangatho we-Pump ubomi be-taiserv.
Isizukulwana sokuqala sempompo yokukhusela idizayini.Indibano yokukhusela impompo esebenzisa izikrini zoboya bentsimbi estainless yafakwa kumphunga wanceda amanzi omxhuzulane kakuhle eNtshona Canada ukukhusela i-ESP kwizinto eziqinileyo ngexesha lemveliso.Izikrini zokucoca izinto eziqinileyo eziyingozi ukusuka kulwelo lwemveliso njengoko zingena kumtya wemveliso.Ngaphakathi komtya wemveliso, ukugeleza kwamanzi kwi-inlet ye-ESP, apho baphonswa khona i-gravity ye-serials phakathi kwe-ESP kunye nokubonelela nge-isoftal ye-isools kunye nokubonelela ngomphezulu we-iso. indawo yemveliso kunye nequla eliphezulu.
Ngaphezulu kwexesha lokuvelisa, indawo ye-annular phakathi kwesikrini kunye ne-casing ithambekele kwibhulorho kunye nesanti, okwandisa ukuchasana kokuhamba.Ekugqibeleni, ibhuloho ye-annulus ngokupheleleyo, iyayeka ukuhamba, kwaye idala ukuhlukana koxinzelelo phakathi kwe-wellbore kunye nomtya wokuvelisa, njengoko kuboniswe kuMzobo 3. Kweli nqanaba, i-fluid ayikwazi ukugeleza kwi-ESP kwaye umtya wokugqiba kufuneka utsalwe. Ngokuxhomekeke kwinani lezinto eziguquguqukayo ezinxulumene nokuveliswa kwezinto eziqinileyo, ixesha elifunekayo ukumisa ukuhamba ngebhulorho eqinileyo kwisikrini inokuba ngaphantsi kwexesha eliya kuvumela i-ESP ukupompa i-solids elayishiweyo ithetha ixesha phakathi kokungaphumeleli emhlabeni, ngoko isizukulwana sesibini samacandelo saphuhliswa.
Indibano yokukhusela ipompo yesizukulwana sesibini.I-PumpGuard * isikrini sokulawula isanti yesanti kunye nenkqubo yokuhlanganisa ivalve imisiwe ngaphantsi kwepompo ye-REDA * kwi-Figure 4, umzekelo wokugqitywa kwe-ESP engavumelekanga. Emva kokuba umthombo uvelisa, isikrini sihluza i-solids kwimveliso, kodwa iya kuqala ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza ibhuloho kunye nesanti kunye nokudala ukuhluka koxinzelelo. Umtya wetyhubhu kwi-ESP.Oku kuhamba kulinganisa umahluko woxinzelelo kwiscreen, ukukhulula ukubanjwa kweengxowa zesanti ngaphandle kwekhusi.Intlabathi ikhululekile ukuba igqabhuke ngaphandle kwe-annulus, enciphisa ukuchasana nokuqukuqela kwesikrini kwaye ivumela ukuqukuqela kuqale kwakhona.Njengoko ukwahlukana koxinzelelo lwehla, ivalve ibuyela kwindawo yayo evaliweyo kunye neemeko zokuqukuqela eziqhelekileyo ukuze iphinde ikhuphe i-SP ukuphinda iqalise ukuphinda iphinde iqalise i-ESP. inkonzo.Izifundo zecala ezichazwe kweli nqaku zibonisa ukuba inkqubo iyakwazi ukwandisa kakhulu ubomi bempompo xa kuthelekiswa nokugqitywa kokuhlola kuphela.
Ufakelo lwakutsha nje, isisombululo esiqhutywa yindleko saziswa kwindawo yokwahlula phakathi komnatha wocingo lwensimbi engenastainless kunye ne-ESP.A ejonge ezantsi ejonge ipakethe yekomityi inyuswe ngaphezulu kwecandelo lesikrini.Ngaphezu kompakisheli wekomityi, i-perforations yeziko elongezelelweyo letyhubhu ibonelela ngendlela yokuhamba ulwelo oluveliswayo lokufuduka ukusuka ngaphakathi kwesikrini ukuya kwisithuba se-annular ngaphezulu kwepakethe, apho i-fluid ingangena kwi-ESP.
Isihluzi sensimbi engenasici ekhethiweyo kwesi sisombululo sinikeza iingenelo ezininzi ngaphezu kwe-gap-based mesh ye-2D iintlobo. Izihluzi ze-2D zithembele ngokuyinhloko kumasuntswana athatha izikhewu zokucoca okanye kwiindawo zokubeka ukwakha iingxowa zesanti kunye nokubonelela ngolawulo lwesanti.Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni ixabiso le-gap elilodwa kuphela linokukhethwa kwikhusi, isikrini siba buhlungu kakhulu kwi-particle ye-particle yokusabalalisa ulwelo oluveliswayo.
Ngokwahlukileyo, ibhedi eshinyeneyo enemingxuma yentsimbi engenastainless izihluzi zocingo olunomnatha zibonelela nge-porosity ephezulu (92%) kunye nommandla omkhulu ovulekileyo ovulekileyo (40%) we-wellbore fluid eveliswayo.Icebo lokucoca lakhiwe ngokucinezela umnatha woboya obungenasici kwaye uyisongele ngokuthe ngqo kwityhubhu yeziko elinemingxuma, emva koko uyigqume ngaphakathi kwesigqubuthelo esinemingxuma esikhuselayo esisesikhundleni sosasazo lwe-tube ekupheleni kwebhedi. i-angular orientation engalinganiyo (ukusuka kwi-15 µm ukuya kwi-600 µm) ivumela izohlwayo ezingenabungozi ukuba zihambe ngendlela ye-3D ukuya kumbhobho osembindini emva kokuba amasuntswana amakhulu nayingozi evaleleke kumnatha. Ubungakanani besuntswana lonikezelo lwencindi eziveliswayo ezifunyenweyo.Esi sikrini soboya bentsimbi saphuhliswa ngumqhubi omkhulu ngeminyaka yoo-1980s ngokukodwa ukugqibezela isikrini esiziqulathileyo kumadama avuselelwe ngumphunga kwaye sinerekhodi ebanzi yofakelo oluyimpumelelo.
I-valve ye-valve iqulethe i-valve ene-spring-loaded valve evumela ukuba enye indlela ihambe kumtya we-tubing ukusuka kwindawo yokuvelisa.Ngokulungelelanisa i-coil spring preload ngaphambi kokufakwa, i-valve inokwenziwa ngokwezifiso ukufezekisa uxinzelelo olufunwayo lokuqhekeka kwesicelo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-valve iqhutywe phantsi kwe-mesh yensimbi engenasici ukuze ibonelele indlela yokuhamba kwesibini phakathi kwe-reservoir kunye ne-valve ye-stainless mesh kunye ne-ESP ye-stainless series. kunye nevalve ephakathi enoxinzelelo olusezantsi lokuqhekeka kunevalve esezantsi.
Ngokuhamba kwexesha, iinqununu zokubumba zizalisa indawo ye-annular phakathi kwendawo yangaphandle yesikrini somkhuseli wempompo kunye nodonga lwecasing yemveliso.Njengoko i-casing cavity igcwalisa isanti kunye neengqungquthela zidibanisa, ukuhla koxinzelelo kwi-sandbag kuyanda.Xa olu xinzelelo lufikelela kwixabiso elimiselweyo, i-valve ye-cone ivula kwaye ivumele ukuhamba ngokuthe ngqo kwi-pump inlet. umphandle wesihlunu sesikrini.Ngenxa yokwahlukana koxinzelelo oluncitshisiweyo, ukuhamba kuya kuphinda kuqalise ngesikrini kwaye i-valve yokungena iya kuvala.Ngoko ke, ipompo inokubona kuphela ukuhamba ngokuthe ngqo kwi-valve ixesha elifutshane.Oku kwandisa ubomi bempompo, njengoko ubuninzi bokuhamba buyi-fluid ehluziweyo kwisikrini sesanti.
Inkqubo yokukhusela impompo yayiqhutywe kunye nabapakishi kumaqula amathathu ahlukeneyo kwi-Delaware Basin e-United States.Injongo ephambili kukunciphisa inani le-ESP liqala kwaye liyeke ngenxa yokugqithiswa kwezinto ezinxulumene nesanti kunye nokwandisa ukufumaneka kwe-ESP ukuphucula imveliso.Inkqubo yokukhusela impompo inqunyanyiswe ekupheleni kwentambo ye-ESP.Iziphumo zequla le-oyile kwiqula eliphantsi le-oyile libonisa i-oil well pumping, i-oil well pumping, i-pomp yokunciphisa i-oil, i-pump yokunciphisa i-oil kunye nokunciphisa ukusebenza kwempompo ye-oil, i-pump yokunciphisa i-oil kunye ne-pomp yangoku. ukufakela inkqubo entsha, ixesha lesanti kunye nezinto eziqinileyo ezinxulumene nokuncipha kwehliswe ngama-75% kwaye ubomi bempompo bunyuke ngaphezu kwama-22%.
Iqula.Inkqubo ye-ESP ifakwe kwindawo entsha yokugaya kunye ne-fracturing eMartin County, eTexas.Inxalenye ethe nkqo yequla imalunga neenyawo ze-9,000 kwaye inxalenye ethe tyaba ifikelela kwi-12,000 yeenyawo, ubunzulu obulinganisiweyo (MD) .Kwizinto ezimbini zokuqala zokugqitywa, i-downhole vortex isanti separator system kunye ne-6 ye-liner edibeneyo yokudibanisa ifakwe kwi-SP. ukufakwa usebenzisa uhlobo olufanayo lwesanti yesanti, ukuziphatha okungazinzanga kwemilinganiselo yokusebenza ye-ESP (ubukhulu obukhoyo kunye nokungcangcazela) kwabonwa.Uhlalutyo lwe-Disassembly lweyunithi ye-ESP etsaliweyo lubonise ukuba indibano ye-vortex ye-gas separator yayivalwe yinto yangaphandle, eyamiselwa ukuba ibe yintlabathi ngenxa yokuba i-non-magnetic kwaye ayisebenzi ngokwekhemikhali nge-asidi.
Kufakelo lwesithathu lwe-ESP, i-mesh yensimbi engenasici ithathe indawo yesahlukanisi sesanti njengendlela yokulawula isanti ye-ESP.Emva kokufaka inkqubo entsha yokukhusela impompo, i-ESP ibonise ukuziphatha okuzinzileyo, ukunciphisa uluhlu lweemoto eziguquguqukayo zangoku ukusuka ~ 19 A ukufakela #2 ukuya ~ ~ 6.3 A ukufakela #3.Ukungcangcazela kuzinzile ngakumbi ngoxinzelelo kwaye i-75 iyancipha uxinzelelo kwaye i-75 iyancipha kakhulu. xa kuthelekiswa nofakelo lwangaphambili kwaye ufumene i-psi ye-100 eyongezelelweyo yoxinzelelo lwe-drop.ESP ukuvala ukulayisha ngaphezulu kuncitshiswa nge-100% kwaye i-ESP isebenza ngokungcangcazela okuphantsi.
Kulungile B. Kwelinye iqula kufuphi Eunice, New Mexico, elinye iqula unconventional waba ESP efakiweyo kodwa akukho ukhuselo impompo.Emva kokuwa kwesiqalo sokuqala, ESP yaqalisa ukubonisa ukuziphatha.Fluctuations yangoku kunye noxinzelelo zinxulunyaniswa spikes vibration.Emva kokugcina ezi meko kangangeentsuku 137, ESP ayiphumelelanga kwaye ukutshintshwa kwafakwa.Ufakelo lokhuselo lwesibini lwe-SPA lubandakanya ukufakelwa kwempompo yokhuseleko entsha. iqalise kwakhona imveliso, i-ESP yayisebenza ngokuqhelekileyo, i-amperage ezinzile kunye ne-vibration engaphantsi.Ngexesha lokupapashwa, ukuqhutyelwa kwesibini kwe-ESP kwakufikelele ngaphezu kweentsuku ze-300 zokusebenza, ukuphuculwa okuphawulekayo kofakelo lwangaphambili.
Well C.Inkqubo yofakelo lwesithathu kwisiza kwaba Mentone, Texas, yi-oyile kunye negesi ezikhethekileyo inkampani enamava ukucima kunye nokusilela ESP ngenxa yemveliso yesanti kwaye wayefuna ukuphucula impompo uptime.Operators ngokuqhelekileyo baqhube abahluli bentlabathi downhole kunye liner kwi ESP nganye kakuhle.Noko ke, xa liner igcwalisa isanti, isahluli siya kuvumela isanti, iqonga, ukugeleza kwesanti, iibherethi zempompo yepompo kunye ne-corpoding yecandelo ukulahlekelwa kwe-lift.Emva kokuqhuba inkqubo entsha kunye nomkhuseli wempompo, i-ESP ine-22% yokuphila kwexesha elide lokusebenza kunye nokuhla koxinzelelo oluzinzile kunye nexesha elingcono le-ESP ehambelanayo.
Inani lentlabathi kunye nokuvalwa okunxulumene nezinto eziqinileyo ngexesha lokusebenza lehle nge-75%, ukusuka kwiziganeko ezi-8 zokulayisha ngaphezulu kufakelo lokuqala ukuya ezimbini kufakelo lwesibini, kunye nenani lokuqalisa ngempumelelo emva kokuvalwa komthwalo omninzi lonyuke ngama-30%, ukusuka kwi-8 kufakelo lokuqala. Iziganeko ze-12 ezipheleleyo, kwiziganeko ze-8, zenziwa kwisifakelo sesibini, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lombane kwisixhobo kunye nokwandisa ubomi bokusebenza kwe-ESP.
Umzobo we-5 ubonisa ukunyuka ngokukhawuleza kwisignesha yoxinzelelo lokungena (oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) xa i-mesh yensimbi engenasici ivaliwe kwaye indibano ye-valve ivuliwe.Olu phawu loxinzelelo lunokuphucula ngakumbi ukuveliswa kwemveliso ngokuqikelela ukusilela kwe-ESP enxulumene nesanti, ngoko ke imisebenzi yokutshintshwa kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza zingacwangciswa.
1 Martins, JA, ES Rosa, S. Robson, "Uhlalutyo lovavanyo lwe-swirl tube njengesixhobo se-downhole desander," i-SPE Paper 94673-MS, enikezelwe kwi-SPE Latin America kunye ne-Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference, eRio de Janeiro, eBrazil, ngoJuni 20 - ngoFebruwari 23, 2005.https://doi.2671/0.
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