An tabbatar da abubuwan kariya na famfo don kare famfo daga yashi da kuma tsawaita rayuwar ESPs a cikin rijiyoyin da ba a saba da su ba.Wannan bayani yana kula da koma baya na yashi frac da sauran daskararru wanda zai iya haifar da overloads da downtime.The kunna fasahar kawar da matsalolin hade da barbashi size rashin tabbas.
Kamar yadda kuma da rijiyoyin mai dogara da ESPs, mika rayuwar lantarki submersible yin famfo (ESP) tsarin zama ƙara muhimmanci.The aiki rayuwa da kuma yi na wucin gadi daga farashinsa ne kula da daskararru a samar fluids.The aiki rayuwa da kuma yi na ESP rage muhimmanci tare da karuwa a cikin m barbashi.In Bugu da kari, daskararru ƙara da rijiyar downtime da workover mita da ake bukata don maye gurbin ESP.
M barbashi cewa sau da yawa gudãna ta wucin gadi daga farashinsa sun hada da samuwar yashi, na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa fracturing proppants, ciminti, da kuma eroded ko lalata karfe barbashi.Downhole fasahar tsara don raba daskararru kewayon daga low-inganci cyclones zuwa high-inganci 3D bakin karfe waya raga.Downhole vortex desanders da farko da aka yi amfani da su da yawa daga al'ada famfo desanders da aka yi amfani da da farko zuwa ga al'ada famfo desanders. Barbashi a lokacin samarwa.Duk da haka, rijiyoyin da ba na al'ada ba suna ƙarƙashin kwararar slug na tsaka-tsaki, wanda ke haifar da fasahar rabuwar vortex da ke wanzuwa kawai tana aiki lokaci-lokaci.
Da dama daban-daban bambance-bambancen karatu na hade yashi kula da fuska da downhole vortex desanders da aka samarwa don kare ESPs.Duk da haka, akwai gibba a cikin kariya da kuma samar da yi na duk farashinsa saboda rashin tabbas a cikin girman rarraba da girma na daskararru samar da kowane well.Rashin tabbas yana ƙara tsawon yashi iko da aka gyara, game da shi rage zurfin a cikin abin da ESP iya zama da žasa da žasa da žasa da žasa da ESP. tasiri mai kyau tattalin arziki.Deeper saitin zurfafa aka fi son a unconventional rijiyoyin.Duk da haka, da yin amfani da de-sanders da namiji-toshe laka anchors to dakatar da dogon, m yashi iko majalisai a casing sassan da high dogleg tsanani iyakance ESP MTBF inganta.Lalacewar da ciki bututu ne wani ba da aka ba da cikakken kimanta da wannan zane.
Mawallafa na takarda na 2005 sun gabatar da sakamakon gwaji na mai rarraba yashi mai saukar da ruwa wanda ya dogara da bututun cyclone (Figure 1), wanda ya dogara da aikin cyclone da nauyi, don nuna cewa rabon rabuwa ya dogara da dankon mai, yawan ruwa, da girman nau'in .Suna nuna cewa ingancin mai rarrabawa yana dogara ne akan rashin ƙarfi na tsawon lokaci. ragewa tare da rage kwarara kudi, rage m barbashi size, da kuma kara man danko, Figure 2.For a hankula cyclone tube downhole SEPARATOR, da rabuwa yadda ya dace saukad zuwa ~ 10% kamar yadda barbashi size saukad da zuwa ~ 100 µm. Bugu da kari, yayin da yawan kwarara ya karu, mai raba vortex yana fuskantar lalacewa, wanda ke shafar amfani da sassan tsarin rayuwa.
Hanya mai ma'ana ta gaba ita ce yin amfani da allon kula da yashi na 2D tare da fadin ramin da aka ƙayyade. Girman ɓangarori da rarraba suna da mahimmancin la'akari lokacin zabar fuska don tace daskararru a cikin samar da rijiyar na al'ada ko mara kyau, amma suna iya zama ba a sani ba. Ƙwararrun na iya fitowa daga tafki, amma suna iya bambanta daga diddige zuwa diddige; A madadin haka, allon yana iya buƙatar tace yashi daga fashewar ruwa. A kowane hali, farashin tarin daskararru, bincike da gwaji na iya zama haramun.
Idan 2D tubing allon ba da kyau kaga, sakamakon zai iya yin sulhu da tattalin arziki na rijiyar.Yashi allon budewa da suke da ma kananan iya haifar da wanda bai kai ba plugging, shutdowns da kuma bukatar remedial workovers.If sun yi girma da yawa, sun ƙyale daskararru su da yardar kaina shigar da samar da tsari, wanda zai iya lalata man bututu, lalata wucin gadi surface famfo, da kuma zubar da wucin gadi surface farashinsa, da kuma cika da wucin gadi surface farashinsa, da zubar da ruwa famfo. zubarwa.Wannan halin da ake ciki yana buƙatar bayani mai sauƙi, mai dacewa wanda zai iya tsawaita rayuwar famfo kuma ya rufe yawan rarraba yashi.
Don saduwa da wannan bukatar, an gudanar da wani binciken a kan yin amfani da bawul majalisai a hade tare da bakin karfe waya raga, wanda shi ne m ga sakamakon daskararru rarraba.Nazari sun nuna cewa bakin karfe waya raga tare da m pore size da 3D tsarin iya yadda ya kamata sarrafa daskararru na daban-daban masu girma dabam ba tare da sanin barbashi size rarraba na sakamakon daskararru, da 3D iya tasiri bakin karfe da yashi size da yashi don sarrafa daskararrun da ya haifar da 3D. karin sakandare tacewa.
A bawul taro saka a kan kasa na allo damar samar da ci gaba har sai da ESP da aka ja daga.It hana ESP daga ana dawo da nan da nan bayan da allon da aka bridged.The sakamakon shigar da yashi iko allon da bawul taro kare ESPs, sanda daga famfo, da kuma iskar gas daga kammala daga daskararru a lokacin samarwa ta hanyar tsaftacewa da ruwa kwarara da kuma samar da wani kudin-tasiri bayani da ciwon zuwa tsawaita halin da ake ciki na Pump rayuwa ba tare da tsawaita rayuwa daban-daban.
Na farko tsara famfo kariya design.A famfo kariya taro ta amfani da bakin karfe ulu fuska aka tura a cikin wani tururi taimaka nauyi magudanun ruwa da kyau a Western Canada don kare ESP daga daskararru a lokacin production.Screens tace cutarwa daskararru daga samar da ruwa kamar yadda ya shiga samar da string.Within samar da kirtani, ruwaye gudana zuwa ESP mashigai, inda aka pumped zuwa ga zama surface da kuma samar da isoSP Packers a tsakanin samar da zobe tsakanin nunin da kuma samar da zobe tsakanin nunin da kuma samar da isowa. da rijiyar babba.
A tsawon lokacin samarwa, sararin samaniya tsakanin allon da casing yana kula da gada tare da yashi, wanda ya kara yawan juriya. Daga ƙarshe, gadoji na annulus gaba ɗaya, yana dakatar da gudana, kuma ya haifar da bambancin matsa lamba tsakanin rijiyar rijiyar da kuma samar da kirtani, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 3. A wannan lokaci, ruwa ba zai iya gudana zuwa ESP ba kuma dole ne a ja igiyar kammalawa. Dangane da adadin sauye-sauyen da ke da alaƙa da samar da daskararru, tsawon lokacin da ake buƙata don dakatar da kwarara ta hanyar gadar daskararrun akan allon na iya zama ƙasa da tsawon lokacin da zai ba da damar ESP don fitar da daskararrun ruwa mai ɗorewa yana nufin lokaci tsakanin gazawa zuwa ƙasa, don haka an haɓaka ƙarni na biyu na abubuwan haɗin gwiwa.
Ƙungiyar kariya ta famfo na ƙarni na biyu. The PumpGuard * mashigar yashi mai kula da allo da tsarin haɗin bawul an dakatar da shi a ƙasa da REDA * famfo a cikin Hoto 4, misali na kammalawar ESP maras kyau. Da zarar rijiyar ta samar, allon yana tace daskararru a cikin samarwa, amma zai fara sannu a hankali tare da yashi kuma ya haifar da bambancin matsa lamba.Lokacin da wannan bambancin matsa lamba ya isa ga bawul ɗin bawul ɗin da ke gudana kai tsaye, saitin bawul ɗin ruwa ya shiga cikin buɗaɗɗen bawul ɗin kai tsaye. kirtani zuwa ESP.Wannan kwarara yana daidaita matsa lamba daban-daban a fadin allon, sassauta riko na sandbags a waje na allo.Yashi yana da 'yanci ya fita daga cikin annulus, wanda ya rage juriya na gudana ta hanyar allon kuma ya ba da izinin ci gaba. Kamar yadda matsa lamba daban-daban ya sauke, bawul ɗin ya koma wurin da yake rufe kuma yanayin yanayin kwarara na al'ada ya sake komawa. alama a cikin wannan labarin ya nuna cewa tsarin zai iya ƙara tsawon rayuwar famfo idan aka kwatanta da gudanar da aikin nunawa kawai.
Domin kwanan nan shigarwa, wani kudin-kore bayani da aka gabatar domin yanki kadaici tsakanin bakin karfe waya raga da ESP.A kasa fuskantar kofin packer aka saka sama da allon sashe.Above kofin fakitin, ƙarin cibiyar tube perforations samar da kwarara hanya domin samar da ruwa don ƙaura daga ciki na allo zuwa annular sarari sama da fakitin, inda ruwa zai iya shiga ESP a cikinletlet.
A bakin karfe waya raga tace zaba domin wannan bayani bayar da dama abũbuwan amfãni a kan rata-tushen 2D raga iri.2D tace da farko dogara a kan barbashi spanning tace gibba ko ramummuka don gina sandbags da kuma samar da yashi control.Duk da haka, tun da kawai guda rata darajar za a iya zaba don allon, allon zama sosai kula da barbashi size rarraba na samar da ruwa.
Sabanin haka, kauri mai kauri gado na bakin karfe waya raga filters samar da high porosity (92%) da kuma babban bude kwarara yankin (40%) ga samar da waterbore water.The tace an gina ta da compressing bakin karfe ulu raga raga da kuma nannade shi kai tsaye a kusa da wani perforated cibiyar tube, sa'an nan encapsulates shi a cikin wani perforated m murfin da aka welded zuwa tsakiyar tube na rarraba pores a kowane karshen pores. angular fuskantarwa (jeri daga 15 µm zuwa 600 µm) damar m fines to gudãna tare da 3D kwarara hanya zuwa ga tsakiyar tube bayan ya fi girma da kuma cutarwa barbashi an kama tarko a cikin raga.Sand riƙewa gwajin a kan samfurori na wannan sieve nuna cewa tace kula high permeability saboda ruwa da aka generates ta hanyar da partive size iya yin amfani da wannan partffective size. Wani babban ma'aikaci ne ya ƙera shi a cikin shekarun 1980s musamman don kammala allo mai sarrafa kansa a cikin tafki mai motsa tururi kuma yana da rikodi mai yawa na shigarwa.
Ƙungiyar bawul ɗin ta ƙunshi bawul ɗin da aka ɗora a cikin bazara wanda ke ba da izinin tafiya ta hanya ɗaya zuwa cikin igiyar tubing daga yankin samarwa.Ta hanyar daidaitawa preload na coil spring preload kafin shigarwa, bawul ɗin za a iya daidaita shi don cimma matsa lamba da ake so don aikace-aikacen.Yawanci, ana gudanar da bawul ɗin a ƙarƙashin ragamar waya ta bakin karfe don samar da wata hanyar kwarara ta biyu tsakanin tafki da tafki da ESPshes na tsakiya tare da bawul na tsakiya da ke aiki a cikin wasu lokuta, bawul na tsakiya yana aiki tare da bawul na tsakiya. ƙananan matsa lamba fiye da mafi ƙarancin bawul.
A tsawon lokaci, samuwar barbashi cika annular yankin tsakanin m surface na famfo kariyar taro allo da bango na samar casing.As da rami cika da yashi da kuma barbashi ƙarfafa, da matsa lamba drop fadin cikin sandbag ƙara.When wannan matsa lamba drop ya kai wani saitaccen darajar, da mazugi bawul bude da damar gudãna kai tsaye ta cikin famfo mashigai.At da yashi iya karya a baya ta cikin wannan mataki da yashi iya karya a cikin wannan mataki. na waje na allon tace.Saboda raguwar matsa lamba, kwarara za ta ci gaba ta hanyar allon kuma bawul ɗin cin abinci zai rufe.Saboda haka, famfo zai iya ganin motsin kai tsaye daga bawul na ɗan gajeren lokaci. Wannan yana tsawaita rayuwar famfo, kamar yadda yawancin kwararar ruwa shine ruwan da aka tace ta fuskar yashi.
An yi amfani da tsarin kariya na famfo tare da masu fakiti a cikin rijiyoyi daban-daban guda uku a cikin Delaware Basin a Amurka. Babban burin shine don rage yawan adadin ESP farawa da tsayawa saboda yawan nauyin yashi da kuma ƙara yawan ESP don inganta samarwa.An dakatar da tsarin kariya na famfo daga ƙananan ƙarshen ESP string.Sakamakon rijiyar man fetur yana nuna bargawar aikin famfo, rage rawar jiki da yashi a halin yanzu. Daskararrun abubuwan da suka shafi downtime an rage su da 75% kuma rayuwar famfo ta karu da fiye da 22%.
A rijiyar.An shigar da tsarin ESP a cikin sabon rijiyar hakowa da karyewa a cikin gundumar Martin, Texas. Yankin rijiyar na tsaye yana da kusan ƙafa 9,000 kuma ɓangaren kwance ya kai ƙafa 12,000, zurfin zurfin (MD) .Domin kammalawar biyu na farko, an shigar da tsarin rarraba yashi na ƙasa mai saukar ungulu tare da haɗin haɗin layi guda shida ta amfani da haɗin haɗin haɗin gwiwa guda biyu. iri guda irin yashi SEPARATOR, m hali na ESP aiki sigogi (a halin yanzu tsanani da kuma vibration) aka lura.Disassembly bincike na ja naúrar ESP nuna cewa vortex gas SEPARATOR taro da aka toshe tare da kasashen waje al'amari, wanda aka ƙaddara ya zama yashi domin shi ne ba Magnetic kuma ba chemically amsa da acid.
A cikin na uku ESP shigarwa, bakin karfe waya raga maye gurbin yashi SEPARATOR a matsayin hanyar ESP yashi control.Bayan shigar da sabon famfo kariya tsarin, da ESP exhibited mafi barga hali, rage kewayon motor halin yanzu hawa da sauka daga ~ 19 A ga shigarwa # 2 to ~ 6.3 A don shigarwa # 3. Vibration ne mafi barga da kuma Trend da aka rage ta baya fiye da 75%. 100 psi na raguwar matsa lamba. An rage yawan rufewar ESP da 100% kuma ESP yana aiki tare da ƙananan girgiza.
To B. A cikin wata rijiya kusa da Eunice, New Mexico, wani rijiyar da ba ta dace ba ta shigar da ESP amma babu kariya ta famfo.Bayan saukarwar farko ta taya, ESP ya fara nuna halayen rashin daidaituwa. Canje-canje a halin yanzu da matsa lamba suna hade da spikes vibration.Bayan kiyaye waɗannan yanayi na kwanaki 137, ESP ya kasa kuma an shigar da wani maye gurbin.Sakamakon shigarwa na biyu tare da sabon famfo na ESP. yana aiki akai-akai, tare da tsayayye amperage da ƙarancin rawar jiki. A lokacin buga, gudu na biyu na ESP ya kai sama da kwanaki 300 na aiki, babban ci gaba akan shigarwar da ta gabata.
To C.The tsarin ta uku a kan-site shigarwa shi ne a Mentone, Texas, da wani man fetur da kuma gas na musamman kamfanin da cewa samu outages da ESP kasawa saboda yashi samar da kuma so ya inganta famfo uptime.Masu aiki yawanci gudu downhole yashi separators tare da liner a cikin kowane ESP well.Duk da haka, da zarar da liner cika da yashi, da SEPARATOR zai ba da damar da yashi, corporation na famfo sashe a cikin famfo sakamakon da ya kwarara a cikin famfo sashe. lift.Bayan gudanar da sabon tsarin tare da mai kariyar famfo, ESP yana da 22% tsawon rayuwar aiki tare da raguwar matsa lamba mafi tsayi da mafi kyawun lokaci mai alaka da ESP.
Adadin rufewar yashi da daskararru yayin aiki ya ragu da kashi 75%, daga abubuwan da suka faru 8 a cikin shigarwa na farko zuwa biyu a cikin shigarwa na biyu, kuma adadin nasarar sake kunnawa bayan rufewa ya karu da 30%, daga 8 a farkon shigarwa. Dukkan abubuwan 12, don jimlar abubuwan 8, an yi su a cikin shigarwa na biyu, rage damuwa na lantarki akan kayan aiki da haɓaka rayuwar aiki na ESP.
Hoto na 5 yana nuna karuwa kwatsam a cikin sa hannu na matsa lamba (blue) lokacin da aka katange ragar bakin karfe da kuma bude taro na bawul. Wannan sa hannu na matsa lamba na iya kara inganta ingantaccen samarwa ta hanyar tsinkayar gazawar ESP mai yashi, don haka ana iya tsara ayyukan maye gurbin tare da rigs workover.
1 Martins, JA, ES Rosa, S. Robson, "Bincike na gwaji na swirl tube a matsayin na'urar desander downhole," SPE Paper 94673-MS, wanda aka gabatar a SPE Latin America da Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Yuni 20 - Fabrairu 23, 2005.https://doi2673/109.
Wannan labarin ya ƙunshi abubuwa daga takardar SPE 207926-MS, wanda aka gabatar a Baje kolin Man Fetur na Ƙasa da Taro a Abu Dhabi, UAE, 15-18 Nuwamba 2021.
Duk kayan suna ƙarƙashin ƙaƙƙarfan dokokin haƙƙin mallaka, da fatan za a karanta Sharuɗɗanmu da Sharuɗɗanmu, Manufofin Kukis da Manufar Keɓantawa kafin amfani da wannan rukunin yanar gizon.