Zida zotetezera pampu zatsimikiziridwa kuti zimateteza mapampu ku mchenga ndikuwonjezera moyo wa ntchito za ESPs m'zitsime zosavomerezeka. Njira yothetsera vutoli imayang'anira kubwereranso kwa mchenga wa frac ndi zinthu zina zolimba zomwe zingayambitse kuchulukitsitsa ndi kutsika.
Pamene zitsime zamafuta zowonjezereka zimadalira ma ESPs, kukulitsa moyo wamagetsi opopera magetsi (ESP) kumakhala kofunika kwambiri.Moyo wogwira ntchito ndi ntchito za mapampu opangira opangira amakhudzidwa ndi zolimba mumadzi opangidwa.Moyo wogwiritsira ntchito ndi ntchito ya ESP unachepa kwambiri ndi kuwonjezeka kwa particles olimba.Kuonjezera apo, zolimba zimawonjezera nthawi yopuma bwino komanso nthawi yogwira ntchito ya ESP yomwe ikufunika kuti ilowe m'malo mwa mafupipafupi a ESP.
Tinthu zolimba zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayenda kudzera pa mapampu opangira zinthu monga mchenga wopangidwa, ma hydraulic fracturing proppants, simenti, ndi zitsulo zokokoloka kapena zowononga. ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuteteza mapampu kuchokera ku tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapanga.
Mitundu ingapo yosiyana ya zowonetsera kulamulira mchenga ndi downhole vortex desanders akhala akufuna kuteteza ESPs. kuwononga bwino chuma.Kuya koyikirako kumakondedwa m'zitsime zosavomerezeka.Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito ma de-sanders ndi anangula amatope aamuna kuti ayimitse misonkhano yayitali, yolimba yamchenga m'magawo a casing okhala ndi zovuta zambiri za ESP MTBF.
Olemba a pepala la 2005 anapereka zotsatira zoyesera za mchenga wa pansi pa mchenga pogwiritsa ntchito chubu chamkuntho (Chithunzi 1), chomwe chinadalira mvula yamkuntho ndi mphamvu yokoka, kusonyeza kuti kulekanitsa bwino kumadalira kukhuthala kwa mafuta, kuthamanga, ndi kukula kwa tinthu . Kuchepa kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ndikuwonjezera kukhuthala kwamafuta, Chithunzi 2.Pachiwombankhanga chamkuntho chamkuntho, kupatukana kumatsika mpaka ~ 10% pomwe kukula kwa tinthu kumatsikira ~ 100 µm. Kuonjezera apo, pamene kuchuluka kwa otaya kumawonjezeka, olekanitsa a vortex amatha kuvala kukokoloka, zomwe zimakhudza kugwiritsa ntchito zigawo za moyo.
Chotsatira chomveka chotsatira ndicho kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a mchenga wa 2D wokhala ndi malo otchedwa slot width.Particle kukula ndi kugawa ndizofunika kwambiri posankha zowonetsera kuti zisefe zolimba mu kupanga bwino kapena kosazolowereka, koma zingakhale zosadziwika.Zolimba zimatha kubwera kuchokera ku nkhokwe, koma zimatha kusiyana ndi chidendene chidendene; Kapenanso, chophimba chingafunikire kusefa mchenga kuchokera ku hydraulic fracturing.Mulimonsemo, mtengo wa zolimba zosonkhanitsira, kusanthula ndi kuyezetsa kungakhale koletsedwa.
Ngati chophimba cha 2D chubu sichinasankhidwe bwino, zotsatira zake zimatha kusokoneza chuma cha chitsime. Kutsegula kwa zenera la mchenga komwe kuli kochepa kwambiri kungachititse kuti pulagi isanakwane, kuzimitsa ndi kufunikira kwa ntchito zokonzanso. sandblasting and disposal.Mkhalidwe uwu umafuna njira yosavuta, yotsika mtengo yomwe ingatalikitse moyo wa mpope ndikuphimba kugawidwa kwakukulu kwa mchenga.
Kuti akwaniritse chosowa ichi, kafukufuku unachitika pa ntchito valavu misonkhano osakaniza zosapanga dzimbiri zitsulo waya mauna, amene alibe tcheru chifukwa zolimba distribution.Studies asonyeza kuti zosapanga dzimbiri waya mauna ndi kukula variable pore ndi dongosolo 3D akhoza mogwira kulamulira zolimba za kukula kosiyanasiyana popanda kudziwa tinthu kukula kugawa kwa zolimba chifukwa. kufunika kowonjezera kusefera kwachiwiri.
A valavu msonkhano wokwera pansi chinsalu chimalola kupanga kupitirira mpaka ESP anakoka.Imalepheretsa ESP kubwezedwa mwamsanga chinsalu chotchinga bridged.The chifukwa cholowera mchenga kulamulira chophimba ndi valavu msonkhano amateteza ESPs, ndodo Nyamulani mapampu, ndi kukweza gasi kumalizidwa ku zolimba pa kupanga ndi kuyeretsa madzimadzi otaya ndi amapereka njira yotsika mtengo yotalikirapo zinthu zosiyanasiyana Pump reservo.
M'badwo woyamba mpope chitetezo kapangidwe.A pampu chitetezo zowonetsera ntchito zosapanga dzimbiri ubweya ubweya zowonetsera anatumizidwa mu nthunzi anathandiza mphamvu yokoka ngalande bwino ku Western Canada kuteteza ESP ku zolimba panthawi production.Screens fyuluta zolimba zolimba kuchokera kupanga madzimadzi pamene amalowa mu chingwe kupanga. zone zopangira ndi chitsime chapamwamba.
Pakapita nthawi yopanga, malo a annular pakati pa chinsalu ndi casing amatha kulumikiza mchenga ndi mchenga, zomwe zimawonjezera kukana kwa kutuluka.Pamapeto pake, milatho ya annulus kwathunthu, imasiya kuyenda, ndipo imapanga kusiyana kwapakati pakati pa chitsime ndi chingwe chopangira, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 3. Panthawiyi, madzimadzi sangathenso kuyenda ku ESP ndipo chingwe chomaliza chiyenera kukokera. Malingana ndi mitundu ingapo yokhudzana ndi kupanga zolimba, nthawi yofunikira kuti asiye kuyenda kudutsa mlatho wazitsulo pawindo ikhoza kukhala yocheperapo kusiyana ndi nthawi yomwe ingalole ESP kupopera zolimba zodzaza madzi zimatanthawuza nthawi pakati pa zolephera mpaka pansi, kotero kuti mbadwo wachiwiri wa zigawo zinapangidwa.
Msonkhano wachiwiri wa chitetezo cha pampu.PumpGuard * inlet mchenga wowongolera mchenga ndi dongosolo la msonkhano wa valve umayimitsidwa pansi pa mpope wa REDA * mu Chithunzi 4, chitsanzo cha kutsirizitsa kwa ESP kosavomerezeka.Pamene chitsime chikupanga, chinsalu chimasefera zolimba popanga, koma zidzayamba pang'onopang'ono mlatho ndi mchenga ndikupanga kusiyana kosiyana.Pamene kusiyana kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti valve isungunuke, kutsekula kwa valve kumapangitsa kuti valavu ikhale yotseguka. chingwe cha chubu kupita ku ESP. Kuthamanga uku kumafanana ndi kusiyana kwapakati pa chinsalu, kumasula thumba la mchenga kunja kwa chinsalu.Mchenga ndi ufulu wotuluka kunja kwa annulus, zomwe zimachepetsa kukana kwa kutuluka pawindo ndikulola kuti kutuluka kuyambiranso. servicing.Zofukufuku zomwe zafotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi zikuwonetsa kuti dongosololi limatha kukulitsa moyo wa mpope poyerekeza ndi kuthamanga kumalizidwa kokha.
Kwa unsembe waposachedwa, njira yothetsera mtengo inayambika kwa kudzipatula pakati pa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za waya ndi ESP.A chonyamula chikho choyang'ana pansi chimayikidwa pamwamba pa chinsalu. Pamwamba pa chojambulira chikho, zowonjezera zapakati pa chubu perforations zimapereka njira yopita kwa madzi opangidwa kuti asamuke kuchokera mkati mwa chinsalu kupita ku malo a annular pamwamba pa paketi, kumene madzimadzi amatha kulowa mu ESP.
Zosefera zazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zazitsulo zosankhidwa kuti zithetse vutoli zimapereka ubwino wambiri kuposa mitundu ya 2D mesh ya gap. Zosefera za 2D zimadalira makamaka tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta fyuluta kapena mipata kuti timange matumba a mchenga ndikupereka mchenga.
Mosiyana, wandiweyani mauna bedi la zosapanga dzimbiri zitsulo zosefera waya mauna amapereka mkulu porosity (92%) ndi lalikulu lotseguka otaya m'dera (40%) kwa opangidwa wellbore fluid.The fyuluta anamanga ndi compressing zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ubweya mauna ndi kukulunga molunjika mozungulira perforated pakati chubu, ndiye encapsulates mkati perforated zoteteza chivundikirocho kuti ndi kugawa pakati pa machubu malekezero pa bedi machubu. mawonekedwe osafanana ang'onoang'ono (kuyambira 15 µm mpaka 600 µm) amalola chindapusa chosavulaza kuyenda motsatira njira ya 3D yopita ku chubu chapakati pambuyo poti tinthu tating'onoting'ono towonongeka tatsekeredwa mkati mwa maukonde. Sizenera iyi ya ubweya wa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri idapangidwa ndi woyendetsa wamkulu m'ma 1980 makamaka kuti akwaniritse zowonera pawokha m'madamu okokedwa ndi nthunzi ndipo ali ndi mbiri yambiri yoyika bwino.
Mwa kusintha kasupe ka coil kasupe musanakhazikitsidwe, valavu imatha kusinthidwa kuti ikwaniritse kupanikizika komwe kumafunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito. ndi valavu yapakati yomwe ili ndi mphamvu yocheperapo yosweka kuposa valve yotsika kwambiri.
M'kupita kwa nthawi, mapangidwe particles kudzaza annular dera pakati pa akunja pamwamba pa mpope mtetezi msonkhano chophimba ndi khoma la kupanga casing.Monga patsekeke amadzaza mchenga ndi particles phatikizana, kuthamanga dontho kudutsa sandbag kuwonjezeka.Pamene kuthamanga uku dontho kufika mtengo preset, valavu chunu kutsegula ndi kulola otaya mwachindunji kudzera mpope polowera. Kunja kwa fyuluta yowonekera.Chifukwa cha kuchepetsedwa kwa kusiyana kwapakati, kuthamanga kudzayambiranso kupyolera pazenera ndipo valavu yowonongeka idzatsekedwa.Choncho, mpopeyo ukhoza kuwona kutuluka kwa valve mwachindunji kwa nthawi yochepa.Izi zimatalikitsa moyo wa mpope, monga momwe madzi ambiri amayendera ndi madzi osefa kudzera pamchenga.
Njira yotetezera pampu idagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi opaka m'zitsime zitatu zosiyana ku Delaware Basin ku United States.Cholinga chachikulu ndi kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha ESP chikuyamba ndi kuyimitsa chifukwa cha kuchulukana kwa mchenga ndi kuonjezera kupezeka kwa ESP kuti apititse patsogolo kupanga.Njira yotetezera mpope imayimitsidwa kuchokera kumapeto kwenikweni kwa chingwe cha ESP.Zotsatira za chitsime cha mafuta mu chitsime cha mafuta chimasonyeza kukhazikika, kupopera kwapope ndi teknoloji yamakono. kukhazikitsa dongosolo latsopano, mchenga ndi zolimba zokhudzana downtime anachepetsedwa ndi 75% ndi moyo mpope kuchuluka kuposa 22%.
Chitsime. Dongosolo la ESP linayikidwa mu chitsime chatsopano chobowola ndi kuphulika ku Martin County, Texas. Gawo loyima la chitsimecho ndi pafupifupi mamita 9,000 ndipo gawo lopingasa limafikira ku 12,000 mapazi, kuyeza kuya (MD) . makhazikitsidwe ntchito mtundu womwewo wa olekanitsa mchenga, khalidwe wosakhazikika wa magawo ntchito ESP (kuchuluka panopa ndi kugwedera) anaonedwa.Kusanthula Disassembly wa anakoka ESP wagawo linasonyeza kuti vortex mpweya olekanitsa msonkhano anali watsekedwa ndi nkhani yachilendo, amene anatsimikiza kukhala mchenga chifukwa si maginito ndipo si mankhwala amachita ndi asidi.
Mu unsembe wachitatu ESP, zosapanga dzimbiri waya mauna m'malo olekanitsa mchenga monga njira ESP kulamulira mchenga.Ataika dongosolo latsopano mpope chitetezo, ndi ESP anasonyeza khalidwe khola, kuchepetsa osiyanasiyana kusinthasintha kwa galimoto panopa kusuntha kwa ~ 19 A kwa unsembe #2 mpaka ~ 6.3 A kwa unsembe #3.Vibration ndi wokhazikika kwambiri ndi kusinthasintha kwa dontho ndi dontho 7. poyerekeza ndi unsembe wapita ndi kupeza zina 100 psi wa kuthamanga drop.ESP overload shutdowns amachepetsedwa ndi 100% ndi ESP ntchito ndi otsika kugwedera.
Chabwino B. Pachitsime chimodzi pafupi ndi Eunice, New Mexico, chitsime china chosavomerezeka chinali ndi ESP yoikidwa koma palibe chitetezo cha pampu. Pambuyo pa kutsika kwa boot koyambirira, ESP inayamba kusonyeza khalidwe losasinthika.Kusinthasintha kwamakono ndi kupanikizika kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi spikes kugwedezeka.Atasunga mikhalidwe imeneyi kwa masiku 137, ESP inalephera ndipo cholowa m'malo chinakhazikitsidwa. inayambiranso kupanga, ESP inkagwira ntchito bwino, ndi amperage yokhazikika komanso kugwedezeka pang'ono.Pa nthawi yofalitsidwa, kuthamanga kwachiwiri kwa ESP kunali kufika pa masiku oposa 300 akugwira ntchito, kusintha kwakukulu pa kukhazikitsidwa kwapita.
Chabwino C.The dongosolo lachitatu pa malo unsembe anali Mentone, Texas, ndi mafuta ndi gasi wapadera kampani amene anakumana kuzimitsidwa ndi ESP kulephera chifukwa cha mchenga kupanga ndipo ankafuna kusintha mpope uptime.Operators ambiri kuthamanga downhole olekanitsa mchenga ndi liner aliyense ESP bwino. kutayika kwa kukweza. Pambuyo poyendetsa dongosolo latsopano ndi chitetezo cha pampu, ESP ili ndi 22% yogwira ntchito nthawi yayitali ndi kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono kokhazikika komanso nthawi yabwino yokhudzana ndi ESP.
Chiwerengero cha shutdowns mchenga ndi zolimba okhudzana ndi ntchito anatsika ndi 75%, kuchokera 8 mochulukira zochitika mu unsembe woyamba kwa awiri unsembe wachiwiri, ndi chiwerengero cha restarts bwino pambuyo shutdown mochulukira chinawonjezeka ndi 30%, kuchokera 8 mu unsembe woyamba. Zochitika zonse za 12, pazochitika zonse za 8, zidachitidwa mu unsembe wachiwiri, kuchepetsa mphamvu zamagetsi pazida ndikuwonjezera moyo wa ntchito ya ESP.
Chithunzi cha 5 chikuwonetsa kuwonjezeka kwadzidzidzi kwa siginecha yokakamiza kudya (buluu) pamene mesh zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zatsekedwa ndipo msonkhano wa valve umatsegulidwa.Kusindikiziraku kungathe kupititsa patsogolo kupanga bwino kwa kupanga mwa kuwonetseratu kulephera kwa ESP kokhudzana ndi mchenga, kotero kuti ntchito zosinthira ndi zida zogwirira ntchito zikhoza kukonzekera.
1 Martins, JA, ES Rosa, S. Robson, "Kuyesa kufufuza kwa swirl chubu ngati chipangizo cha downhole desander," SPE Paper 94673-MS, yoperekedwa ku SPE Latin America ndi Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, June 20 - February 23, 2005.https://doi.26718/
Nkhaniyi ili ndi zolemba za SPE paper 207926-MS, zoperekedwa ku Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference ku Abu Dhabi, UAE, 15-18 November 2021.
Zida zonse zimatsatiridwa ndi malamulo ovomerezeka ovomerezeka, chonde werengani Migwirizano ndi Zokwaniritsa, Mfundo za Ma cookie ndi Mfundo Zazinsinsi musanagwiritse ntchito tsambali.