Zvikamu zvekudzivirira kwepombi zvakaratidzwa kuti zvinodzivirira mapombi kubva kujecha uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwekushanda kweESPs mumatsime asina kujairika.Iyi mhinduro inodzora kudzoka kwejecha refrac nezvimwe zvakasimba zvinogona kukonzera kuwandisa uye kuderera.Tekinoroji inogonesa inobvisa matambudziko anokonzerwa nekusavimbika kwekuparadzirwa kwechidimbu.
Sezvo matsime emafuta akawanda achivimba neESPs, kuwedzera hupenyu hwemagetsi emagetsi ekuputira (ESP) kunowedzera kukosha.Upenyu hwekushanda uye kushanda kwemapombi ekusimudza ekugadzira anonzwa kune zvakasimba mumvura inogadzirwa.Upenyu hwekushanda uye kushanda kweESP kwakaderera zvikuru nekuwedzera kwezvikamu zvakasimba.Mukuwedzera, zvinyoro zvinowedzera tsime downtime uye workover frequency inodiwa kuti itsive nguva yeESP yekushanda.
Zvimedu zvakasimba zvinowanzoyerera nepapombi dzekusimudzira dzinosanganisira jecha rekugadzira, hydraulic fracturing proppants, simende, uye zvimedu zvesimbi zvakakukurwa kana kuita ngura.Downhole technologies yakagadzirirwa kupatsanura solids range kubva kune yakaderera-efficiency cyclones kusvika kune yakakwirira-efficiency 3D Stainless steel wire merts. uye ivo vanonyanya kushandiswa kudzivirira mapombi kubva kune makuru makuru panguva yekugadzirwa.Zvisinei, matsime asina kujairika ari pasi pe intermittent slug flow, izvo zvinoita kuti iripo downhole vortex separator tekinoroji inoshanda chete nguva nenguva.
Kusiyana kwakasiyana-siyana kwakasanganiswa kwejecha rekudzivirira zvikwangwani uye downhole vortex desanders zvakarongerwa kuchengetedza ESPs.Zvisinei, pane zvipingamupinyi mukudzivirira nekugadzirwa kwekuita kwemapombi ose nekuda kwekusava nechokwadi mukugoverwa kwehukuru uye huwandu hwezvinhu zvakasimba zvinogadzirwa netsime rimwe nerimwe. zvinokanganisa zvakanaka zvehupfumi.Kudzika kwakadzika kwekugadzirisa kunosarudzwa mumatsime asina kujairika.Zvisinei, kushandiswa kwe-de-sanders uye madhaka echirume-plug anchors kuti amise magungano akareba, akaoma ejecha rekutonga muzvikamu zvecasing nehupamhi hwehumbwa hunogumira ESP MTBF kuvandudzwa.Kuora kwechubhu yemukati ndechimwe chikamu chekugadzirwa uku kusina kuenzana.
Vanyori vepepa re2005 vakapa migumisiro yekuedza kwepasi pejecha separator inobva kune cyclone tube (Mufananidzo 1), iyo yaienderana nechamupupuri chiito uye simba regiravhiti, kuratidza kuti kuparadzanisa kushanda kunoenderana nemafuta viscosity, kuyerera kwehuwandu, uye particle size. kuderera kwakasimba particle size, uye kuwedzera mafuta viscosity, Figure 2. For a common cyclone tube downhole separator, kuparadzanisa kushanda zvakanaka kunodonha kusvika ~ 10% sezvo chidimbu chekukura chinodonha kusvika ~ 100 µm. Mukuwedzera, sezvo chiyero chekuyerera chinowedzera, iyo vortex separator inotarisana nekuputika kwevhu, iyo inokanganisa kushandiswa kwehupenyu hwezvikamu zvehupenyu.
Iyo inotevera inonzwisisika imwe nzira ndeyekushandisa 2D jecha rekutonga skrini ine yakatsanangurwa slot width.Particle size uye kugovera zvakakosha kufunga pakusarudza zvidzitiro zvekusefa zvakaomeswa mune zvakajairika kana zvisingabvumirwe kugadzirwa kwematsime, asi zvinogona kunge zvisingazivikanwi.Zvakaoma zvinogona kubva mudura, asi zvinogona kusiyana kubva kune chitsitsinho kusvika kune chitsitsinho; neimwe nzira, chidzitiro chingada kusefa jecha kubva kune hydraulic fracturing.Mune chero mamiriro ezvinhu, mutengo wekuunganidza solids, kuongororwa uye kuyedzwa kunogona kurambidza.
Kana iyo 2D tubing skrini isina kunyatsogadziriswa, mhedzisiro inogona kukanganisa hupfumi hwetsime.Sand screen kuvhurika kuri kudiki kunogona kukonzera plugging nguva isati yakwana, kuvharika uye kudiwa kwekugadzirisa workovers.Kana yakakura kwazvo, inobvumira solids kupinda zvakasununguka mukugadzira, iyo inogona kukanganisa pombi yemafuta, kukuvadza mapombi, kukuvadza kusimudza kwepasi uye kuzadza denga. sandblasting and disposal.Mamiriro ezvinhu aya anoda mhinduro iri nyore, isingadhuri inogona kuwedzera hupenyu hwepombi uye kuvhara kupararira kwakakura kwejecha.
Kuti zvizadzise chido ichi, chidzidzo chakaitwa pamusoro pekushandiswa kwemavharuvhu magungano pamwe chete nesimbi isina tsvina yewaya mesh, iyo isinganzwisisi kune inoguma yakaomeswa kugovera.Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti simbi isina tsvina yewaya mesh ine inoshanduka pore saizi uye chimiro che 3D inogona kunyatso kudzora zvimedu zvehukuru hwakasiyana pasina kuziva kugoverwa kwesaizi yezvakaoma. kudiwa kwekuwedzera kusefa kwechipiri.
Ivhavhavha yakasungirirwa pasi pechidzitiro inobvumira kugadzirwa kuenderera mberi kusvikira ESP yabudiswa kunze.Inodzivirira ESP kuti irege kutorwa pakarepo mushure mekunge chidzitiro chavharwa.Iyo inoguma inlet jecha control screen uye gungano revharuvhu rinodzivirira ESPs, pombi yekusimudza tsvimbo, uye gasi kusimudza kupedzisa kubva kune zvakasimba panguva yekugadzirwa nekuchenesa kuyerera kwemvura uye inopa mari-inoshanda mhinduro yekuwedzera mamiriro akasiyana-siyana epombi reservo.
Chekutanga chizvarwa chepombi yekudzivirira dhizaini.A pombi yekudzivirira gungano uchishandisa simbi isina tsvina masikirini akaiswa mumhepo yakabatsira giravhiti drainage zvakanaka muWestern Canada kudzivirira ESP kubva kune yakaoma panguva yekugadzirwa.Zvikrini zvinosefa zvinokuvadza zvakaonda kubva mukugadzirwa kwemvura sezvainopinda mukugadzira tambo.Mukati mekugadzira tambo, zvinwiwa zvinoyerera zvichienda kuESP inlet, kwadzinoputirwa nemhepo inoyerera ichienda pakati peiyo isolation yeESP uye inopa iyo isolation yepasi uye ESP iyo inomhanya pamusoro peiyo isosolation inogona kumhanyisa isoso. nzvimbo yekugadzira uye yepamusoro tsime.
Pamusoro penguva yekugadzira, nzvimbo ye annular pakati pechidzitiro uye casing inowanzoita bhiriji nejecha, izvo zvinowedzera kuyerera kwekudzivirira.Pakupedzisira, annulus mabhiriji zvachose, anomisa kuyerera, uye anogadzira kusiyana kwekumanikidzwa pakati petsime uye tambo yekugadzira, sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 3. Panguva ino, mvura haigoni kuyerera kuESP uye tambo yekupedzisa inofanira kudhonzwa. Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzine chokuita nekugadzirwa kwezvakaoma, nguva inodiwa kuti imise kuyerera kuburikidza nezambuko rakasimba pahwindo ringave risingasviki nguva iyo yaizobvumira ESP kupomba yakaoma yakaremerwa fluid inoreva nguva pakati pekukundikana kusvika pasi, saka chizvarwa chechipiri chezvikamu chakagadzirwa.
Chizvarwa chechipiri chekudzivirira pombi musangano.PumpGuard * inlet sand control screen uye valve assembly system inomiswa pasi pe REDA * pombi muFigure 4, muenzaniso weESP isingaenzaniswi kupera.Kana chitubu chiri kubudisa, chidzitiro chinosefa zvakasimba mukugadzirwa, asi chichatanga zvishoma nezvishoma kubhuroka nejecha uye kugadzira kudzvinyirira kusiyanisa.Apo iyi dhizaini inoyerera inosvika kuvhavha yakazaruka, inobvumira kuvhara kwevhavha inoyerera inosvika kuvhavha yakazaruka, iyo inobvumira kuvhara kwevhavha inoyerera inosvika kuvhavha yakazaruka. iyo tubing tambo kuenda kuESP.Kuyerera uku kunofananidzira kudzvinyirirwa kusiyanisa pahwindo, kusunungura kubata kwemasaga ejecha kunze kwechidzitiro.Sand yakasununguka kubuda kunze kwe annulus, iyo inoderedza kuyerera kwekudzivirira kuburikidza nekrini uye inobvumira kuyerera kuti itangezve. servicing.Nyaya dzenyaya dzakaratidzwa munyaya ino dzinoratidza kuti hurongwa hunokwanisa kuwedzera zvakanyanya hupenyu hwepombi kana ichienzaniswa nekumhanya kupedzisa kuongorora chete.
Pakugadzwa kwechangobva kuitika, sarudzo inotungamirirwa nemari yakaunzwa yenzvimbo yekuzviparadzanisa pakati pesimbi isina tsvina yewaya mesh uye ESP.A inodzika yakatarisana nekapu packer inokwidzwa pamusoro pechikamu chekrini.Pamusoro pekapu packer, kuwedzera kwepakati chubhu perforations inopa nzira yekuyerera yemvura inogadzirwa kuti ifambe kubva mukati mechidzitiro kuenda kune annular space pamusoro pepacker, apo iyo fluid inogona kupinda muESP.
Stainless simbi waya mesh sefa yakasarudzirwa mhinduro iyi inopa mabhenefiti akati wandei pamusoro pegap-based 2D mesh marudzi.2D mafirita anovimba zvakanyanya nezvikamu zvinotenderera sefa mabhegi kana slots yekuvaka mabhegi ejecha uye kupa jecha control.Zvisinei, sezvo imwechete gap kukosha kunogona kusarudzwa kune chidzitiro, iyo skrini inova yakanyanya kunzwisiswa nekupararira kwechikamu chekukura kwemvura inogadzirwa.
Kusiyana neizvi, mubhedha wakakora wemambure e-stainless simbi waya mesh filters inopa yakakwira porosity (92%) uye yakakura yakavhurika nzvimbo inoyerera (40%) yeinogadzirwa wellbore fluid.Sefa inogadzirwa nekudzvanya simbi isina tsvina yemvere dzemambure uye nekuiputira yakananga kutenderedza perforated centre chubhu, yozoifukidza mukati me perforated inodzivirira inovhara iyo inogadzika pakati pemubhedha wechubhu kumagumo emubhedha. non-uniform angular orientation (kubva pa15 µm kusvika 600 µm) inobvumira mafaindi asingakuvadzi kuti ayerere achitevedza nzira ye3D inoyerera yakananga kuchubhu yepakati mushure mekunge zvidimbu zvihombe uye zvinokuvadza zvavharirwa mukati memesh.Kuongorora kuchengetedza kwejecha pazvienzaniso zvesefa iyi kwakaratidza kuti sefa inochengetedza kupenya kwepamusoro nekuti mvura yemusero inogadzirwa kuburikidza nesefa imwe chete, sefa iyi inogadzirwa. particle size distributions of the production fluids kusangana.Iri sikirini yeshinda yesimbi isina simbi yakagadziridzwa nemushandi mukuru kuma1980 zvakanangana nekupedzisa sikirini inogadzika mumadhirimu anosimudzirwa emvura uye ine nhoroondo yakakura yekuiswa kwakabudirira.
Musangano wevharuvhu unosanganisira chitubu-chakaremerwa vharafu inobvumira imwe-nzira kuyerera mutambo yetubing kubva munzvimbo yekugadzira.Nekugadzirisa coil spring preload isati yaiswa, valve inogona kugadziriswa kuti iwane inodiwa kuputika kumanikidzwa kwekushandiswa. nevharuvhu yepakati ine yakaderera kutsemuka kudzvanya pane yakaderera vharafu.
Nokufamba kwenguva, zvimedu zvekugadzira zvinozadza nzvimbo ye annular pakati pekunze kwepombi yekudzivirira gungano chidzitiro uye rusvingo rwechivharo chekugadzira. Sezvo ganda rinozadza nejecha uye zvikamu zvinosimbisa, kudonha kwemhepo kunowira mujecha rinowedzera. Kana kudonha uku kwemhepo kunosvika kune preset value, valve cone inovhura uye inobvumira kuyerera zvakananga kuburikidza nepombi inlet. kunze kwesefa yekrini.Nekuda kwekuderedza kudzvinyirira kusiyanisa, kuyerera kuchatangazve kuburikidza nechidzitiro uye valve yekutora ichavhara.Saka, pombi inogona kungoona kuyerera zvakananga kubva kuvhavha kwenguva pfupi.Izvi zvinowedzera hupenyu hwepombi, sezvo yakawanda yekuyerera imvura inonatswa kuburikidza nejecha rejecha.
Iyo pombi yekudzivirira system yaishandiswa nemapackers mumatsime matatu akasiyana muDelaware Basin muUnited States.Chinangwa chikuru ndechekuderedza nhamba yeESP inotanga uye inomira nekuda kwekuremerwa kwejecha uye kuwedzera kuwanikwa kweESP kuvandudza kugadzirwa.Ipombi yekudzivirira inomiswa kubva kumucheto wezasi wetambo yeESP.Migumisiro yetsime remafuta mutsime remafuta rinoratidza kusimba, pombi yekudzivirira uye ikozvino inotaridza kusimba. kuisa hurongwa hutsva, jecha uye zvinyoro zvine chekuita nenguva yakaderedzwa ne75% uye hupenyu hwepombi hwakawedzera neinopfuura 22%.
Tsime.An ESP system yakaiswa mune itsva yekuchera uye fracturing tsime muMartin County, Texas.Mugove wakatwasuka wetsime unosvika 9,000 tsoka uye chikamu chakachinjika chinosvika ku12,000 tsoka, yakayerwa kudzika (MD).Pakupedzwa kuviri kwekutanga, downhole vortex jecha separator system ine nhanhatu yekubatanidza kweESPral yekubatanidza yakasungirirwa. kuiswa uchishandisa mhando imwechete yejecha separator, hunhu husina kugadzikana hweESP inoshanda paramita (ikozvino kusimba uye kudedera) yakaonekwa.Disassembly kuongororwa kweiyo yakadhonzwa ESP unit yakaratidza kuti iyo vortex gasi separator musangano yakavharwa nekunze kwenyika, iyo yakatemwa kuva jecha nekuti isiri-magnetic uye haina kemikari inopindirana neasidhi.
Muchikamu chechitatu cheESP chekuisa, simbi isina tsvina yesimbi mesh yakatsiva jecha separator senzira yeESP kutonga jecha.Mushure mekuisa pombi itsva yekudzivirira hurongwa, ESP yakaratidza maitiro akadzikama, kuderedza huwandu hwemagetsi emazuva ano kuchinja kubva ~ 19 A yekuisa #2 kusvika ~ 6.3 A yekuisa #3.Vibration inowedzera kugadzikana nekudonha, 75 tutsika yakaderedzwa uye zvishoma zvishoma. zvichienzaniswa nekuiswa kwekare uye yakawana imwezve 100 psi yekumanikidza kudonha.ESP overload shutdowns inoderedzwa ne100% uye ESP inoshanda nekuderera kwakadzika.
Zvakanaka B. Mune rimwe tsime pedyo neEunice, New Mexico, rimwe tsime risina kujairika raiva neESP yakaiswa asi pasina kudzivirira kwepombi.Mushure mekutanga kudonha kwebhoti, ESP yakatanga kuratidza maitiro asina kunaka.Kushanduka kwezvino uye kudzvinyirira kunobatanidzwa nekudengenyeka kwemhepo.Mushure mekuchengetedza mamiriro ezvinhu aya kwemazuva 137, ESP yakakundikana uye imwe nzvimbo yakatsiviwa negadziriro yepombi yeSPA yakagadziridzwa. yakatangazve kugadzirwa, ESP yakanga ichishanda zvakajairika, ine amperage yakagadzikana uye kuderera kushoma.Panguva yekubudiswa, yechipiri kumhanya kweESP yakanga yasvika pamusoro pemazuva 300 ekushanda, kuvandudzwa kukuru pamusoro pekuiswa kwekare.
Zvakanaka C.The sisitimu yechitatu pa-site yekuisa yaive muMentone, Texas, nekambani yemafuta uye gasi yakakosha iyo yakasangana nekudzima uye kutadza kweESP nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwejecha uye yaida kuvandudza pombi uptime.Operators vanowanzo mhanyisa downhole jecha separators ne liner muESP yega yega zvakanaka.Zvisinei, kana liner ichizadza nejecha, iyo separator ichabvumira jecha, nhanho, kuyerera muchikamu chepombi, pombi inoyerera kuburikidza nechikamu chepombi. kurasikirwa kwekusimudza.Mushure mekushanda hurongwa hutsva nemudziviriri wepombi, ESP ine 22% yehupenyu hurefu hwekushanda nekuderera kwakanyanya kwekudzvinyirira uye zviri nani ESP-yakabatana nenguva.
Kuwanda kwejecha uye zvakaonda-zvine chekuita nekuvhara panguva yekushanda kwakadzikira ne75%, kubva pa8 zviitiko zvekuremedza mukutanga kuisirwa kusvika kune maviri pakugadzwa kwechipiri, uye nhamba yezvakabudirira restarts mushure mekuremerwa kuvharwa kwakawedzera ne30%, kubva pa8 mukuiswa kwekutanga. Zvose zvezviitiko zve12, zvezviitiko zve8, zvakaitwa mukuiswa kwechipiri, kuderedza kushushikana kwemagetsi pamidziyo uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwekushanda kweESP.
Mufananidzo 5 unoratidza kuwedzera kamwe-kamwe mukusaina kudzvinyirira (blue) apo mesh yesimbi isina tsvina yakavharwa uye gungano revhavha rinovhurwa.Iyi siginecha yekumanikidza inogona kuwedzera kuvandudza kushanda kwekugadzira kuburikidza nekufanotaura kukanganisa kweESP kwakabatana nejecha, saka kushandiswa kwekugadzirisa nekushanda kwekushanda kunogona kurongwa.
1 Martins, JA, ES Rosa, S. Robson, “Ongororo yekuongorora swirl chubhu semudziyo wepasi desander,” SPE Pepa 94673-MS, yakapihwa kuSPE Latin America neCaribbean Petroleum Engineering Musangano, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Chikumi 20 - Kukadzi 23, 2005.https://doi.4673-0.
Ichi chinyorwa chine zvinhu kubva kuSPE bepa 207926-MS, yakaratidzwa kuAbu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition uye Musangano mu Abu Dhabi, UAE, 15-18 Mbudzi 2021.
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