Ua hōʻoia ʻia nā ʻāpana pale o ka pauma e pale i nā pamu mai ke one a hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola hana o nā ESP i nā pūnāwai ʻike ʻole.
Ma muli o ka nui o nā pūnāwai aila e hilinaʻi nei i nā ESP, e hoʻonui ana i ke ola o nā ʻōnaehana submersible pumping (ESP).
ʻO nā mea paʻa paʻa e kahe pinepine ana ma nā pāpaʻi hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi ke one hoʻokumu, hydraulic fracturing proppants, sima, a me nā mea metala i hoʻopau ʻia a i ʻole ʻia. nā ʻāpana i ka wā o ka hana ʻana. Akā naʻe, pili nā pūnāwai unconventional i ke kahe slug intermittent, e hopena i ka ʻenehana hoʻokaʻawale downhole vortex e hana wale ana.
Nui nā ʻano ʻokoʻa like ʻole o ka hui ʻana o nā pale one a me nā downhole vortex desanders i manaʻo ʻia e pale i ka ESP. hiki, a negatively impacting well economics.Deeper hoʻonohonoho hohonu i makemake i unconventional wells.Hever, the use of de-sanders and male-plug mud anchors to suspend long, rigid one control assemblies in casing sections with high dogleg severity limits ESP MTBF improvements.Corrosion of the inner tube is another aspect of a inner tube is another aspect of this tube.
Ua hōʻike nā mea kākau o kahi pepa 2005 i nā hopena hoʻokolohua o kahi mea hoʻokaʻawale one downhole e pili ana i kahi paipu ʻino (Figure 1), i hilinaʻi ʻia i ka hana ʻino a me ka umekaumaha, e hōʻike i ka pono o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma muli o ka viscosity aila, kahe kahe, a me ka nui o ka nui. ka nui o ka paʻa paʻa, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻaila viscosity, Kiʻi 2. No ka mea hoʻokaʻawale cyclone tube downhole separator, e hāʻule ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ~ 10% i ka hāʻule ʻana o ka nui o ka particle i ~ 100 µm. Eia kekahi, i ka piʻi ʻana o ka kahe kahe, pili ka mea hoʻokaʻawale vortex i ka lole erosion, e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ola o nā mea hana.
ʻO ka mea kūpono e hiki mai ana, ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pale pale one 2D me kahi ākea slot i wehewehe ʻia. ʻO kahi ʻē aʻe, pono paha ka pale e kānana i ke one mai ka haʻihaʻi hydraulic. Ma kēlā me kēia hihia, hiki ke pāpā ʻia ke kumukūʻai o ka hōʻiliʻili paʻa, ka nānā ʻana a me ka hoʻāʻo.
Inā ʻaʻole i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia ka pale 2D tubing, hiki i nā hopena ke hoʻololi i ka waiwai o ka punawai. ʻO ka wehe ʻana o ke one i ka liʻiliʻi hiki ke hopena i ka plugging premature, nā pani a me ka pono no nā workovers remedial. Hoʻokuʻu. Pono kēia kūlana i kahi hopena maʻalahi a me ke kumu kūʻai e hiki ke hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola o ka paila a uhi i kahi ākea ākea o nā nui one.
No ka hoʻokō ʻana i kēia pono, ua hana ʻia kahi noiʻi e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hui valve i hui pū ʻia me ka uea kuhili ʻole, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā mea paʻa.
ʻO ka hui valve i kau ʻia ma lalo o ka pale e hiki ai ke hoʻomau i ka hana a hiki i ka huki ʻia ʻana o ka ESP. Kāohi ia i ka lawe ʻana mai o ka ESP ma hope koke o ka hoʻopili ʻia ʻana o ka pale.
Hoʻolālā ʻia ka hoʻolālā pale ʻana o ka pauma mua. Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi hui pale pale e hoʻohana ana i nā pale huluhulu kila kila i loko o kahi luawai i kōkua ʻia e ka mahu ma Western Canada no ka pale ʻana i ka ESP mai nā mea paʻa i ka wā o ka hana ʻana. ka luawai luna.
I ka manawa o ka hana ʻana, ʻo ka annular space ma waena o ka pale a me ka casing e pili ana i ke alahaka me ke one, e hoʻonui ai i ke kahe o ke kahe. ʻO ka hopena, hoʻopau loa ka annulus bridges, hoʻōki i ke kahe, a hana i kahi ʻokoʻa puʻe ma waena o ka luawai a me ke kaula hana, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ka Figure 3. Ma kēia wahi, ʻaʻole hiki ke kahe hou ka wai i ka ESP a pono e huki ʻia ke kaula hoʻopau. Ma muli o ka nui o nā ʻano like ʻole e pili ana i ka hana ʻana i nā mea paʻa, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka lōʻihi e pono ai e hoʻōki i ke kahe ʻana ma ke alahaka paʻa ma ka pale ma mua o ka lōʻihi e hiki ai i ka ESP ke puhi i ka wai paʻa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka manawa ma waena o nā hemahema i ka honua, no laila ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka lua o nā ʻāpana.
ʻO ka lua o ka hanauna e pale ana i ka pauma hui. ʻO ka PumpGuard * inlet one control screen a me ka ʻōnaehana hui valve ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma lalo o ka REDA * pump ma Figure 4, he laʻana o ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka ESP. pololei i loko o ke kaula paipu i ka ESP. This flows equalizes the pressure differential across the screen, loosening the grip of the sandbags on the outside of the screen.Sand is free to break out of the annulus, which reduced flow resistance through the screen and allow flow to resume. As the differential pressure drops, the valve returns to his closed position and normal flow conditions a hiki i ka ESP e pono ai e huki i ke kaapuni. servicing. ʻO nā haʻawina i hōʻike ʻia ma kēia ʻatikala e hōʻike ana e hiki i ka ʻōnaehana ke hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola o ka paila i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka nānā ʻana wale nō.
No ka hoʻokomo hou ʻana, ua hoʻokomo ʻia kahi hopena i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma waena o ka uwea kila kila a me ka ESP. Ua kau ʻia kahi packer kīʻaha i lalo ma luna o ka ʻāpana pale.
ʻO ke kānana uea uea kuhiliʻole i koho ʻia no kēia ʻano hoʻonā e hāʻawi i nā mea maikaʻi ma mua o nā ʻano mesh 2D mesh.2D nā kānana i hilinaʻi nui ʻia ma nā ʻāpana e pili ana i nā ʻāpana kānana a i ʻole nā ​​​​kau ​​e kūkulu ai i nā ʻeke one a hāʻawi i ka mana one.
I ka hoʻokaʻawale, ka mānoanoa mesh moena o kuhiliʻole kila uea mesh kānana hāʻawi kiʻekiʻe porosity (92%) a me ka nui hamama wahi kahe (40%) no ka wai wellbore i hanaia.The kānana ua kūkulu 'ia ma ka compressing i ka kuhiliʻole kila hulu mesh a me ka wahī pololei a puni i ka perforated waena paipu, a laila encapsulates ia i loko o ka perforated ka uhi pale nonformed i kela a me keia i welded i loko o me ka hopena o ka poʻo. ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike angular (mai ka 15 µm a i ka 600 µm) e hiki ai i nā uku pōʻino ke kahe ʻana ma ke ala kahe 3D i ka paipu waena ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻana o nā mea nui a ʻino i loko o ka mesh. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia kēia pale huluhulu kila kila e kekahi mea hoʻohana nui i ka makahiki 1980 no ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka pale ponoʻī i loko o nā waihona i hoʻoulu ʻia i ka mahu a loaʻa iā ia kahi moʻolelo nui o nā hoʻonohonoho kūleʻa.
ʻO ka hui valve he pūnāwai i hoʻopiha ʻia e hiki ai ke kahe hoʻokahi ala i loko o ke kaula paipu mai ka wahi hana. Ma ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka coil spring preload ma mua o ka hoʻokomo ʻana, hiki ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka valve e hoʻokō i ke kaomi ʻana i makemake ʻia no ka noi. haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa kaomi ma mua o ka pahu haʻahaʻa.
Ma ka manawa lōʻihi, hoʻopiha nā ʻāpana hana i ka ʻāpana annular ma waena o ka ʻaoʻao o waho o ka pale hui pale a me ka paia o ka pahu hana. I ka piha ʻana o ka lua i ke one a hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻāpana, piʻi ka hāʻule o ke kaomi ma luna o ka ʻeke one. o ka kānana pale. Ma muli o ka hoʻemi ʻana o ka puʻe ʻokoʻa, e hoʻomaka hou ke kahe ma o ka pale a e pani ʻia ka valve intake.
Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻōnaehana pale pump me nā packers i ʻekolu mau luawai like ʻole i ka Delaware Basin i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. ʻO ka pahuhopu nui e hōʻemi i ka helu o ka ESP e hoʻomaka a hoʻōki ma muli o nā overloads pili i ke one a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ESP e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana. ʻO ke one a me nā mea paʻa e pili ana i ka downtime ua hoʻemi ʻia e 75% a ua hoʻonui ʻia ke ola o ka paila ma mua o 22%.
Ua hoʻokomo ʻia kahi ʻōnaehana ESP i loko o ka luawai hou a me ka haʻihaʻi ʻana ma Martin County, Texas. ʻO ka ʻāpana kū pololei o ka pūnāwai ma kahi o 9,000 kapuaʻi a ʻo ka ʻaoʻao ākea e hoʻonui i 12,000 kapuaʻi, ana ʻia ka hohonu (MD). ʻO ka mea hoʻokaʻawale one, ʻike ʻia ka hana paʻa ʻole o nā ʻāpana hana ESP (ka ikaika o kēia manawa a me ka vibration).
Ma ke kolu o ka ESP, ua hoololiia ka uea kuhiliʻole i ka mea hoʻokaʻawale one ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ke one ESP. Ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana pale pahū hou, ua hōʻike ka ESP i ke ʻano kūpaʻa, e hōʻemi ana i ka nui o nā loli o kēia manawa mai ~ 19 A no ka hoʻokomo ʻana #2 a ~6.3 A no ka hoʻokomo ʻana #3. i ka hoʻokomo mua ʻana a loaʻa iā 100 psi hou o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa puʻe. E hoʻemi ʻia nā pani paʻa nui o ESP e 100% a hana ʻo ESP me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
Well B. Ma kekahi luawai kokoke i Eunice, New Mexico, ua hookomoia ka ESP i kekahi luawai ku ole, aole nae he pale pamu. Ma hope o ka haule ana o ka pahu mua, ua hoomaka ka ESP e hoike mai i ke ano erratic. hana, hana maʻamau ka ESP, me ka amperage paʻa a me ka haʻalulu liʻiliʻi. I ka manawa o ka paʻi ʻana, ua hiki ka lua o ka holo ʻana o ESP ma luna o 300 mau lā o ka hana, kahi hoʻomaikaʻi nui ma mua o ka hoʻonohonoho mua ʻana.
Well C. ʻO ke kolu o ka ʻōnaehana ma luna o ka pūnaewele aia ma Mentone, Texas, e kahi hui ʻaila a me ke kinoea kūikawā i ʻike i nā outages a me ka hāʻule ʻana o ka ESP ma muli o ka hana ʻana o ke one a makemake e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka manawa o ka pauma. ka nalowale o ka hāpai ʻana. Ma hope o ka holo ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana hou me ka pale pahū, he 22% ka lōʻihi o ka hana ʻana o ka ESP me kahi hāʻule paʻa paʻa a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka manawa e pili ana i ka ESP.
ʻO ka helu o nā one a me nā mea paʻa e pili ana i ka pani ʻana i ka wā o ka hana ua hoʻemi ʻia e 75%, mai 8 overload hanana i ka hoʻokomo mua ʻana i ʻelua i ka lua o ka hoʻokomo ʻana, a me ka helu o ka hoʻomaka hou ʻana ma hope o ka overload shutdown ua hoʻonui ʻia e 30%, mai 8 i ka hoʻokomo mua ʻana. He 12 mau hanana, no ka huina o 8 mau hanana, i hana 'ia ma ka lua o ka ho'okomo 'ana, e ho'emi ana i ke ko'iko'i uila ma luna o ka lako a me ka ho'onui 'ana i ke ola hana o ka ESP.
Hōʻike ka Figure 5 i ka piʻi koke ʻana o ka pūlima intake pressure (uliuli) i ka wā e ālai ʻia ai ka mesh stainless steel a wehe ʻia ka hui valve. Hiki i kēia pūlima kaomi ke hoʻomaikaʻi hou i ka hana hana ma ka wānana ʻana i nā hemahema ESP pili i ke one, no laila hiki ke hoʻolālā ʻia nā hana pani me nā rigs workover.
1 Martins, JA, ES Rosa, S. Robson, "Ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka swirl tube as downhole desander device," SPE Paper 94673-MS, i hōʻike ʻia ma ka SPE Latin America a me Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Iune 20 - Pepeluali 23, 2005.https://doi.org/10.2618/10.2618.
Aia kēia ʻatikala i nā mea mai ka pepa SPE 207926-MS, i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference ma Abu Dhabi, UAE, 15-18 Nowemapa 2021.
Aia nā mea āpau i nā kānāwai kope kope, e ʻoluʻolu e heluhelu i kā mākou Kūlana a me nā Kūlana, Kuki Kuki a me nā Kulekele pilikino ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia pūnaewele.