Hafi ya buri gikorwa cyo guteranya gishobora gukorwa mu buryo butandukanye. Uburyo uruganda cyangwa integrator bahitamo kugira ngo babone umusaruro mwiza akenshi ni ubwo guhuza ikoranabuhanga ryizewe n'uburyo runaka bwo gukoresha.
Gushonga ni bumwe mu buryo nk'ubwo. Gushonga ni uburyo bwo guhuza ibyuma aho ibice bibiri cyangwa byinshi by'icyuma bihuzwa no gushonga icyuma gishyirwa mu ngingo. Icyuma gishonga gifite aho gishongera hasi ugereranyije n'ibice by'icyuma byegeranye.
Ubushyuhe bwo gutwika bushobora gutangwa n'amatara, amatanura cyangwa imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi. Mu gihe cyo gutwika imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi, imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ikora imbaraga za rukuruzi zishyushya imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi kugira ngo ishongeshe icyuma cyuzuye. Gutwika imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi bigaragara ko ari amahitamo meza ku bwinshi bw'ibikorwa byo guteranya.
“Gukoresha induction bracing ni byiza cyane kuruta gukoresha itoroshi, ni vuba kurusha gukoresha itoroshi, kandi bishobora gusubirwamo kurusha byombi,” ibi byavuzwe na Steve Anderson, umuyobozi w’ubumenyi bw’ibizamini n’ibizamini muri Fusion Inc., imashini ikora imashini ihuza ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi y’imyaka 88 i Willoughby, muri Ohio Said, ni umuhanga mu buryo butandukanye bwo guteranya ibikoresho, harimo no gukoresha induction bracing.” Byongeye kandi, gukoresha induction bracing biroroshye. Ugereranyije n’ubundi buryo bubiri, icyo ukeneye gusa ni amashanyarazi asanzwe.”
Mu myaka mike ishize, Fusion yateguye imashini ikora ibikoresho bitandatu ikoresheje ikoranabuhanga ryo guteranya uduce 10 twa karubide two gukora ibyuma no gukora ibikoresho. Utwo duce dukorwa hakoreshejwe uduce duto twa karubide twa tungsten dufite uburebure bwa cylindrical na conical ku gice cy'icyuma. Igipimo cy'umusaruro ni ibice 250 ku isaha, kandi agasanduku k'ibikoresho bitandukanye gashobora gushyiramo uduce 144 tw'ibikoresho n'udukoresho.
“Robo ya SCARA ifite imigozi ine ifata umugozi mu isafuriya, ikawushyira ku gikoresho gitanga ifu, hanyuma ikawushyira mu gikari cy’icyuma,” Anderson arasobanura. “Hanyuma iyo robo ifata agace k’isafuriya karimo ubusa ikagashyira ku mpera y’agace kayo gashyizwemo kole. Guteranya ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu gutera ifu bikoreshwa hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi azunguruka impande zombi hanyuma akazana icyuma cyuzuza ifeza ku bushyuhe bwa dogere 1.305. Nyuma y’uko igice cya burr gishyizwe hamwe kandi kigakonjeshwa, gisohoka kinyuzwa mu gasanduku k’isukura hanyuma kigakusanywa kugira ngo gikomeze gutunganywa.”
Gukoresha induction brazing mu guteranya biriyongera, ahanini bitewe nuko bihuza ibice bibiri by'icyuma kandi bikaba ingirakamaro cyane mu guhuza ibikoresho bitandukanye. Ibibazo ku bidukikije, ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, n'ikoreshwa ridasanzwe nabyo bituma abahanga mu nganda bareba neza induction brazing.
Gushyushya ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa induction byatangiye gukoreshwa kuva mu myaka ya 1950, nubwo igitekerezo cyo gushyushya ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa induction (hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi) cyavumbuwe imyaka irenga ijana mbere yaho n'umuhanga mu bya siyansi w'Umwongereza Michael Faraday. Amatara y'intoki ni yo soko ya mbere y'ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa induction, hagakurikiraho amatanura mu myaka ya 1920. Mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, uburyo bwo gukoresha mu itanura bwakoreshejwe kenshi mu gukora ibice byinshi by'ibyuma ku buryo abakozi bake n'amafaranga make batangaga.
Ubusabe bw'abaguzi bwo gukoresha icyuma gikonjesha mu myaka ya za 1960 na 1970 bwatumye habaho uburyo bushya bwo gukoresha icyuma gikonjesha mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga. Mu by'ukuri, icyuma gikonjesha cya aluminiyumu mu mpera za za 1970 cyatumye habaho ibice byinshi biboneka muri sisitemu zo mu modoka zo muri iki gihe zikonjesha.
“Bitandukanye no gutwika itara, gutwika itara ntibihuza n’ibikoresho kandi bigabanya ibyago byo gushyuha cyane,” nk’uko Rick Bausch, umuyobozi ushinzwe ubucuruzi muri Ambrell Corp., abivuga muri TEST.temperature.”
Nk’uko bivugwa na Greg Holland, umuyobozi ushinzwe ubucuruzi n’ibikorwa muri eldec LLC, sisitemu isanzwe yo gukurura induction igizwe n’ibice bitatu. Ibi ni amashanyarazi, umutwe ukora hamwe na induction coil na sisitemu ikonjesha cyangwa ikonjesha.
Ingufu zihuzwa n'umutwe w'akazi kandi imiyoboro yagenewe gukoreshwa ku buryo ikwiranye n'aho ihurira. Ibikoresho bishobora gukorwa mu nkoni zikomeye, insinga zoroshye, ibipande byakozwe mu mashini, cyangwa byacapwe mu buryo bwa 3D bivuye mu byuma by'umuringa bikozwe mu ifu. Ariko, akenshi, bikorwa mu muyoboro w'umuringa udafite aho ubohera, aho amazi anyura kubera impamvu nyinshi. Imwe muri zo ni ugukomeza gukonja mu kurwanya ubushyuhe bugaragara mu bice mu gihe cyo gufunga. Amazi atemba kandi akarinda ubushyuhe kwiyongera mu miyoboro bitewe no kuba hari umuyoboro usimburana kenshi ndetse n'uburyo ubushyuhe budakora neza.
“Rimwe na rimwe icyuma gikomeza amashanyarazi gishyirwa kuri koyili kugira ngo gikomeze imbaraga za rukuruzi ahantu hamwe cyangwa henshi mu ihuriro,” ibi ni ibyasobanuwe na Holland. “Izi mashini zishobora kuba iz’ubwoko bwa laminate, zigizwe n’ibyuma by’amashanyarazi bito bifatanye neza, cyangwa imiyoboro ya ferromagnetic irimo ibikoresho bya ferromagnetic bifu n’imigozi ya dielectric ipfundikiwe n’umuvuduko mwinshi. Koresha kimwe muri ibyo. Inyungu ya mashini ni uko igabanya igihe cyo kuzenguruka binyuze mu kuzana ingufu nyinshi mu bice bimwe na bimwe by’ihuriro vuba, mu gihe ibindi bice bikomeza gukonja.”
Mbere yo gushyira ibice by'icyuma mu mwanya wabyo, umukoresha agomba gushyiraho neza ingano n'ingano y'imbaraga bya sisitemu. Ingano ishobora kuva kuri 5 kugeza kuri 500 kHz, uko intera iba nyinshi, niko ubuso bushyuha vuba.
Ingufu zikoreshwa akenshi zishobora gukora kilowati amagana z'amashanyarazi. Ariko, gushyira igipande kingana n'ikiganza mu masegonda 10 kugeza kuri 15 bisaba kilowati 1 kugeza kuri 5 gusa. Ugereranije, ibice binini bishobora gukoresha kilowati 50 kugeza ku 100 z'ingufu kandi bifata iminota 5 kugira ngo bikoreshwe.
Bausch yagize ati: “Muri rusange, ibice bito bikoresha ingufu nke, ariko bisaba frequencies nyinshi, nka kilohertz 100 kugeza kuri 300.” Ibinyuranye n’ibyo, ibice binini bikenera imbaraga nyinshi n’frequencies nke, akenshi biri munsi ya kilohertz 100.”
Uko ingano yabyo yaba iri kose, ibice by'icyuma bigomba gushyirwa neza mbere yo kubihambira. Hakwiye kwitonderwa ko habaho icyuho gikomeye hagati y'ibyuma by'ibanze kugira ngo icyuma gitemba gikore neza. Impande zombi, iz'ikibuno n'iz'ikibuno ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kwemeza ko ibi bivamo.
Uburyo gakondo cyangwa kwiyikorera ubwabwo bwemewe. Ibikoresho bisanzwe bigomba gukorwa mu bikoresho bidatwara umuvuduko mwinshi nk'icyuma kitagira umugese cyangwa iseramike, kandi bigakorwa ku bikoresho bike bishoboka.
Mu gushushanya ibice bifite imigozi ifatanye, imigozi, imigozi cyangwa imigozi, kwiyinjiza bishobora kugerwaho hatabayeho ubufasha bwa mekanike.
Hanyuma ingingo zisukurwa hakoreshejwe agapira ka emery cyangwa umuti wo gushonga kugira ngo zikurweho imyanda nka amavuta, amavuta, ingese, ubugari n'umwanda. Iyi ntambwe yongera imbaraga mu miyoboro y'icyuma gishongeshejwe cyikurura mu mpande zegereye ingingo.
Nyuma yuko ibice bishyizwe neza kandi bigasukurwa, umukoresha ashyira imvange y’ingingo (ubusanzwe iba ifu) ku ngingo. Imvange ni uruvange rw’icyuma cyuzuza, imvange (kugira ngo hirindwe ogisijeni) n’icyuma gifata icyuma kigahuzwa mbere yo gushonga.
Ibyuma byuzuza n'ibice bikoreshwa mu gushushanya byakozwe kugira ngo bihangane n'ubushyuhe buri hejuru kurusha ibikoreshwa mu gushushanya. Ibyuma byuzuza bikoreshwa mu gushushanya birashonga ku bushyuhe bwa dogere 842 F kandi birakomera iyo bikonje. Birimo aluminiyumu-silicone, umuringa, umuringa-ifeza, umuringa, umuringa, zahabu-ifeza, ifeza, na aloyi za nikeli.
Hanyuma umukoresha ashyiramo induction coil, iza mu buryo butandukanye. Inkingi za helical ziba zifite ishusho y'uruziga cyangwa iy'uruziga kandi zikikije igice cyose, mu gihe inkingi za fork (cyangwa pincer) ziba ku mpande zombi z'aho zihurira kandi inkingi za channel coil zifatanye n'igice. Izindi nsinga zirimo Inner Diameter (ID), ID/Outer Diameter (OD), Pancake, Open, na Multi-Position.
Ubushyuhe bungana ni ingenzi ku miyoboro myiza ikoreshwa mu gufunga. Kugira ngo ibi bishoboke, umukoresha agomba kugenzura ko intera iri hagati ya buri ruziga rw'induction coil ari nto kandi ko intera yo guhuza (ubugari bw'icyuho kuva kuri coil OD kugeza kuri ID) iguma ari imwe.
Hanyuma, umukoresha akoresha ingufu kugira ngo atangire gushyushya igice. Ibi bisaba kohereza vuba umuvuduko uhindagurika hagati cyangwa hejuru uva ku isoko y'amashanyarazi ujya kuri inductor kugira ngo habeho imbaraga za rukuruzi zisimburana ziyikikije.
Imbaraga rukuruzi zitera umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ku buso bw'ingingo, bigatuma ubushyuhe bushongesha icyuma cyuzuza, bigatuma gitemba kandi kitose ku buso bw'igice cy'icyuma, bigatuma habaho isano ikomeye. Hakoreshejwe imiyoboro myinshi, iki gikorwa gishobora gukorwa ku bice byinshi icyarimwe.
Gusukura no kugenzura buri gice cy’icyuma gishyushye ni byiza. Gukaraba ibice n’amazi ashyushye kugeza kuri dogere 120 F bizakuraho ibisigazwa by’amazi n’igipimo cyose cyakozwe mu gihe cyo gukaraba. Igice kigomba kwinjizwa mu mazi nyuma y’uko icyuma cyuzuza icyuma gikomeretse ariko icyo gice kikaba kigishyushye.
Bitewe n'igice, igenzura rito rishobora gukurikirwa n'ibizamini bidasenya cyangwa byangiza. Uburyo bwa NDT burimo gusuzuma amashusho n'amashusho, ndetse no gupima amazi no kwemeza ko ari ukuri. Uburyo busanzwe bwo gupima bwangiza ni ugupima ibyuma, gukuraho, gukurura, gukata, umunaniro, kwimura, no gupima torsion.
Holland yagize ati: “Gukoresha induction brazing bisaba ishoramari rinini mbere y’igihe kuruta uburyo bwo gukoresha itara, ariko birakwiye kuko ubona imikorere myiza n’ubuyobozi bw’inyongera.” Mu gukoresha induction, iyo ukeneye ubushyuhe, uhita ukanda gusa. Iyo udakeneye, uhita ukanda.”
Eldec ikora amasoko menshi y'amashanyarazi yo gukoresha mu gushyushya induction, nka ECO LINE MF intermediate frequency line, iboneka mu buryo butandukanye kugira ngo ijyane neza na buri porogaramu. Izi ngufu ziboneka mu bipimo by'ingufu kuva kuri 5 kugeza 150 kW n'ibipimo kuva kuri 8 kugeza 40 Hz. Modeli zose zishobora gushyirwaho uburyo bwo kongera ingufu butuma umukozi yongera 100% by'ingufu zihoraho ku kigero cya 50% mu minota 3. Izindi ngingo z'ingenzi zirimo kugenzura ubushyuhe bwa pyrometer, gufata ubushyuhe na switch ya transistor ya bipolar gate insulated. Izi mashini zikoreshwa ntizikenera gusanwa cyane, zikora bucece, zifite uburebure buto, kandi zoroshye guhuzwa na controller za workcell.
Abakora ibikoresho byo mu nganda nyinshi barimo gukoresha cyane ibikoresho byo guteranya ibikoresho mu guteranya ibikoresho. Bausch yerekana ko inganda zikora ibikoresho by’imodoka, iby’indege, iby’ubuvuzi n’iby’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro ari zo zikoresha cyane ibikoresho byo guteranya ibikoresho bya Ambrell.
Bausch agira ati: “Umubare w’ibice bya aluminiyumu byakoreshejwe mu nganda z’imodoka ukomeje kwiyongera bitewe n’ingamba zo kugabanya ibiro.” “Mu rwego rw’indege, nikeli n’ubundi bwoko bwa padi zikoreshwa mu byuma bikunze gushyirwa ku nsinga z’indege. Inganda zombi kandi zikoresha imiyoboro itandukanye y’ibyuma.”
Sisitemu esheshatu za Ambrell's EasyHeat zifite umurongo wa frequencies kuva kuri 150 kugeza kuri 400 kHz kandi ni nziza cyane mu gukurura ibice bito by'ubuso butandukanye. Uduce duto (0112 na 0224) dutanga uburyo bwo kugenzura ingufu mu buryo bungana na watts 25; utundi duce two muri LI series (3542, 5060, 7590, 8310) dutanga uburyo bwo kugenzura mu buryo bungana na watts 50.
Ibice byombi bifite umutwe ushobora gukurwaho ugera kuri metero 3 uvuye aho amashanyarazi aturuka. Igenzura ry’imbere rya sisitemu rirashobora gutegurwa, rituma umukoresha wa nyuma ashobora gushyiraho imiterere ine itandukanye yo gushyushya, buri imwe ifite intambwe zigera kuri eshanu z’igihe n’ingufu. Igenzura ry’ingufu rikoreshwa kure rirahari kugira ngo rikoreshwe mu buryo bwo guhuza cyangwa mu buryo bwa analog, cyangwa mu buryo bworoshye bwo gushyira amakuru mu buryo bwa serial.
“Abakiriya bacu b’ingenzi mu gukora ibyuma bitanga ingufu ni abakora ibice birimo karuboni, cyangwa ibice binini bifite icyuma kinini,” ibi ni ibyasobanuwe na Rich Cukelj, Umuyobozi ushinzwe iterambere ry’ubucuruzi bwa Fusion.” Amwe muri ayo masosiyete akora inganda z’imodoka n’iz’indege, mu gihe andi akora imbunda, agakata ibikoresho, amarobine n’imiyoboro y’amazi, cyangwa ibyuma bikwirakwiza amashanyarazi.”
Fusion igurisha sisitemu zizunguruka zihariye zishobora gukoresha ibice 100 kugeza ku 1.000 ku isaha. Dukurikije Cukelj, umusaruro mwinshi ushoboka ku bwoko bumwe bw'igice cyangwa ku ruhererekane rw'ibice runaka. Ibi bice bifite ingano iri hagati ya santimetero kare 2 na 14.
“Buri buryo burimo agakoresho ko gupima ibyuma ka Stelron Components Inc. gafite aho gukorera 8, 10 cyangwa 12,” ibi ni ibyasobanuwe na Cukelj. “Hari aho gukorera ibyuma bikoreshwa mu gupima ibyuma, mu gihe hari ahandi hakoreshwa mu kugenzura, gukoresha kamera zireba cyangwa ibikoresho bipima ibyuma bya laser, cyangwa gukora ibizamini byo gukurura kugira ngo harebwe ko ingingo zifite ibyuma bifite ubuziranenge.”
Holland yavuze ko abakora bakoresha amashanyarazi asanzwe ya ECO LINE ya eldec mu buryo butandukanye bwo gushyiramo ingufu, nko gushyiramo ibyuma bigabanya umuriro n'imigozi, cyangwa guhuza moteri. Vuba aha, icyitegererezo cy'iyi moteri ya 100 kW cyakoreshejwe mu gukoresha ibice binini byasabaga gushyiramo impeta z'umuringa ku miyoboro y'umuringa ku byuma bitanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi.
Eldec kandi ikora amashanyarazi ya MiniMICO ashobora kwimurwa byoroshye mu ruganda afite ingano iri hagati ya 10 na 25 kHz. Mu myaka ibiri ishize, uruganda rukora imiyoboro y'ubushyuhe bw'imodoka rwakoresheje MiniMICO kugira ngo rusubize inkokora kuri buri muyoboro. Umuntu umwe ni we wakoze ibyuma byose byo gukurura, kandi byatwaye amasegonda ari munsi ya 30 guteranya buri muyoboro.
Jim ni umwanditsi mukuru muri ASSEMBLY ufite uburambe bw'imyaka irenga 30 mu kwandika. Mbere yo kwinjira muri ASSEMBLY, Camillo yari Minisitiri w'Intebe Injeniyeri, umwanditsi mukuru w'Ishyirahamwe ry'Ikinyamakuru cy'Ubwubatsi bw'Ibikoresho na Milling Journal. Jim afite impamyabumenyi mu Cyongereza yakuye muri Kaminuza ya DePaul.
Ohereza icyifuzo cyo gusaba icyifuzo (RFP) ku mucuruzi wihitiyemo hanyuma ukande kuri buto igaragaza ibyo ukeneye
Reba ubuyobozi bw'abaguzi bacu kugira ngo ubone abatanga ubwoko bwose bw'ikoranabuhanga ryo guteranya, imashini na sisitemu, abatanga serivisi n'ibigo by'ubucuruzi.
Lean Six Sigma imaze imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo ishyira imbere ibikorwa byo kunoza ibikorwa, ariko inenge zayo zaragaragaye. Gukusanya amakuru bisaba abakozi benshi kandi bishobora gufata ingero nto gusa. Amakuru ubu ashobora gufatwa mu gihe kirekire kandi ahantu henshi ku giciro gito ugereranyije n'uburyo bwa kera bwo gukoresha intoki.
Robots zirahendutse kandi zoroshye gukoresha kurusha mbere hose. Iri koranabuhanga riraboneka byoroshye ndetse no ku nganda nto n'iziciriritse. Umva iki kiganiro cyihariye kirimo abayobozi bane bakomeye bo muri Amerika batanga robots: ATI Industrial Automation, Epson Robots, FANUC America, na Universal Robots.