He maha ngā huarahi e taea ai te whakahaere i te nuinga o ngā tukanga huihuinga. Ko te kōwhiringa e whiriwhiria ana e te kaihanga, e te kaiwhakauru rānei mō ngā hua pai rawa atu ko tētahi e hono ana i tētahi hangarau kua whakamātauhia ki tētahi tono motuhake.
Ko te whakakoi tētahi o aua tukanga. Ko te whakakoi he tukanga hono whakarewa e honoa ai ngā wāhanga whakarewa e rua, neke atu rānei, mā te whakarewa i te whakarewa whakakī ka rere ki roto i te hononga. He iti ake te ira rewa o te whakarewa whakakī i ngā wāhanga whakarewa e tata ana.
Ka taea te whakarato i te wera mō te whakawera mā roto i ngā rama, ngā oumu, ngā koiri whakapūmau rānei. I te wā e whakawera ana i te whakawera, ka hangaia e te koiri whakapūmau he papa aukume e whakamahana ana i te papa hei whakarewa i te konganuku whakakī. Kei te kitea te whakawera whakapūmau hei whiringa pai rawa atu mō te maha o ngā tono huihuinga e tipu haere ana.
"He nui ake te haumaru o te whakakā whakapūmau i te whakakā rama, he tere ake i te whakakā oumu, ā, he nui ake te mahi i ngā mea e rua," te kī a Steve Anderson, te kaiwhakahaere o te pūtaiao mara me te whakamātautau i Fusion Inc., he kaiwhakauru 88-tau te pakeke i Willoughby, Ohio. He tohunga ia ki ngā momo tikanga huihuinga, tae atu ki te whakakā. "Hei tāpiri, he māmā ake te whakakā whakapūmau. Ki te whakatauritea ki ētahi atu tikanga e rua, ko te hiko paerewa anake e hiahiatia ana e koe."
I ētahi tau kua pahure ake nei, i whakawhanakehia e Fusion tētahi mīhini aunoa-ono-teihana mō te whakakotahi i ngā pūwero waro 10 mō te mahi whakarewa me te hanga taputapu. Ka hangaia ngā pūwero mā te tāpiri i ngā parapara waro tungsten porotaka me te kōniko ki tētahi kakau maitai. Ko te tere whakaputa he 250 wāhanga ia hāora, ā, ka taea e te paepae wāhanga motuhake te pupuri i te 144 ngā parapara me ngā pupuri taputapu.
"Ka tangohia e te karetao SCARA tuaka-whā tētahi kakau mai i te paepae, ka tukuna ki te kaitātari whakapiri whakarewa, ka utaina ki roto i te kohanga hopu," te whakamārama a Anderson. "Kātahi ka tangohia e te karetao tētahi wahi parakore mai i te paepae ka whakatakotoria ki te pito o te kakau e piri ana. Ka mahia te whakakoi whakapūmau mā te whakamahi i tētahi koiri hiko e takai poutū ana i ngā wāhanga e rua, ā, ka kawea te whakarewa whakakī hiriwa ki te pāmahana wai o te 1,305 F. I muri i te whakarite me te whakamatao o te wāhanga burr, ka panaia mā roto i tētahi awa tukunga ka kohia hei tukatuka anō."
Kei te piki haere te whakamahinga o te whakakā whakapūmau mō te huihuinga, nā te mea ka hangaia he hononga kaha i waenga i ngā wāhanga whakarewa e rua, ā, he tino whai hua hoki ki te hono i ngā rauemi rerekē. Ko ngā āwangawanga taiao, te hangarau kua whakapaitia, me ngā tono kore-tūturu kei te akiaki i ngā miihini hanga ki te tirotiro tata atu ki te whakakā whakapūmau.
Kua whakamahia te whakawera whakapūmau mai i te tekau tau atu i 1950, ahakoa i kitea te ariā o te whakamahana whakapūmau (mā te whakamahi i te hiko aukume) neke atu i te rau tau ki muri e te kaipūtaiao Piritana a Michael Faraday. Ko ngā rama ā-ringa te pūtake wera tuatahi mō te whakapūmau, ā, i muri mai ko ngā oumu i te tekau tau atu i 1920. I te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, he maha ngā wā i whakamahia ai ngā tikanga oumu hei hanga i ngā wāhanga whakarewa maha me te iti o te mahi me te utu.
Nā te hiahia o ngā kaihoko mō te hauhautanga i ngā tekau tau atu i 1960 me 1970 i puta ai ngā tono hou mō te whakakoi hiko. Inaa, nā te whakakoi papatipu o te konumohe i te mutunga o ngā tekau tau atu i 1970 i hua ake ai te nuinga o ngā wāhanga i kitea i roto i ngā pūnaha hauhautanga motuka o ēnei rā.
"He rerekē te whakakā rama, he kore-pā te whakakā whakapūnga, ā, ka whakaitihia te mōrearea o te wera nui," te kī a Rick Bausch, te kaiwhakahaere hokohoko mō Ambrell Corp., inTEST.temperature."
E ai ki a Greg Holland, te kaiwhakahaere hokohoko me te whakahaere i eldec LLC, e toru ngā wāhanga o te pūnaha whakakā whakapūmau hiko paerewa. Ko ēnei ko te pūtake hiko, te pane mahi me te koiri whakapūmau me te pūnaha whakamatao, te pūnaha whakamatao rānei.
Kua honoa te pūtake hiko ki te pane mahi, ā, kua hangaia ngā koiri kia uru ki te hononga. Ka taea te hanga i ngā inductors mai i ngā tokotoko totoka, ngā taura ngāwari, ngā pire mīhini, te tānga 3D rānei mai i ngā koranu parahi paura. Heoi, i te nuinga o te wā, he mea hanga ki te ngongo parahi tuwhera, e rere ai te wai mō ētahi take. Ko tētahi he pupuri i te koiri kia matao mā te ārai i te wera e whakaatahia ana e ngā wāhanga i te wā o te tukanga whakawera. Ka ārai hoki te wai rere i te hanga wera i roto i ngā koiri nā te maha o ngā wā o te iahiko hurihuri me te koretake o te whakawhiti wera.
"I ētahi wā ka whakatakotoria he pūwhakakotahi rerenga ki runga i te koiri hei whakapakari i te papa aukume i tētahi, i ētahi atu rānei o ngā pūwāhi i te hononga," te whakamārama a Holland. "Ko ēnei pūwhakakotahi he momo laminate, he mea tito mai i ngā maitai hiko angiangi kua whakarārangihia ngātahi, he ngongo ferromagnetic rānei kei roto he rauemi ferromagnetic paura me ngā hononga dielectric kua pēhia i raro i te pēhanga teitei. Whakamahia tētahi o ēnei. Ko te painga o te pūwhakakotahi he whakaiti i te wā huringa mā te kawe tere ake i te pūngao ki ngā wāhi motuhake o te hononga, me te pupuri i ētahi atu wāhi kia mātao."
I mua i te whakanoho i ngā wāhanga whakarewa mō te whakakoi hiko, me whakarite tika e te kaiwhakahaere te auau me ngā taumata mana o te pūnaha. Ka taea e te auau te awhe mai i te 5 ki te 500 kHz, ko te teitei ake o te auau, ko te tere ake o te wera o te mata.
He maha ngā wā ka taea e ngā pū hiko te whakaputa rau kirowati o te hiko. Heoi, ko te whakawera i tētahi wāhanga he rite te rahi ki te nikau i roto i te 10 ki te 15 hēkona, e 1 ki te 5 kirowati anake te hiahia. Hei whakataurite, ko ngā wāhanga nunui ka hiahia ki te 50 ki te 100 kirowati o te hiko, ā, e 5 meneti te roa o te whakawera.
"Hei tikanga whānui, he iti ake te mana e whakamahia ana e ngā wāhanga iti ake, engari he nui ake ngā auau e hiahiatia ana, pērā i te 100 ki te 300 kilohertz," te kī a Bausch. "He rerekē, he nui ake te mana e hiahiatia ana e ngā wāhanga nui ake, ā, he iti ake ngā auau, i raro iho i te 100 kilohertz."
Ahakoa te rahi, me whakanoho tika ngā wāhanga whakarewa i mua i te whakamau. Me āta pupuri he āputa pakupaku i waenganui i ngā whakarewa turanga kia pai ai te mahi a te konganuku whakakī e rere ana. Ko ngā hononga o te papa, te hiku, me te hiku te huarahi pai ki te whakarite i tēnei āputa.
E whakaaetia ana ngā mea tuku iho, ngā mea whakapiripiri rānei. Me hanga ngā mea whakapiripiri paerewa ki ngā rauemi iti ake te kawe hiko pērā i te maitai kore waikura, te uku rānei, ā, me iti noa te pā ki ngā wāhanga.
Mā te hoahoa i ngā wāhanga he hononga raka, he whakapūpū, he poka, he knurl rānei, ka taea te whakatutuki i te whakapiringa i a ia anō me te kore e hiahiatia he tautoko mīhini.
Kātahi ka horoia ngā hononga ki te papa emery, ki te whakarewa rānei hei tango i ngā poke pērā i te hinu, te hinu, te waikura, te unahi me te paru. Mā tēnei mahi ka whakarei ake i te mahi a te konganuku whakakī rewa e kukume ana i a ia anō mā roto i ngā mata tata o te hononga.
Kia tika te whakanoho me te horoi i ngā wāhanga, ka pania e te kaiwhakahaere he matū honohono (he whakapiri te nuinga) ki te hononga. He ranunga te matū o te konganuku whakakī, te rere (hei ārai i te waikura) me te here e pupuri ana i te konganuku me te rere i mua i te rewa.
Ko ngā konganuku whakakī me ngā rerenga e whakamahia ana i roto i te whakakā he mea hanga kia tu atu i ngā pāmahana teitei ake i ērā e whakamahia ana i roto i te whakakā. Ko ngā konganuku whakakī e whakamahia ana mō te whakakā ka rewa i ngā pāmahana o te 842 F neke atu rānei, ā, ka kaha ake ina whakamataohia. Kei roto i ēnei ko te konumohe-hiriwa, te parahi, te parahi-hiriwa, te parahi, te parahi, te koura-hiriwa, te hiriwa, me ngā koranu nikara.
Kātahi ka whakanohohia e te kaiwhakahaere te pōkai whakapūngao, e wātea ana i roto i ngā momo hoahoa. He porowhita, he porotītaha rānei te āhua o ngā pōkai porowhita, ā, ka karapotia katoatia te wāhanga, ko ngā pōkai marau (pēnei i te pēhi rānei) kei ia taha o te hononga, ā, ka honoa ngā pōkai hongere ki te wāhanga. Ko ētahi atu pōkai ko te Diameter o Roto (ID), te Diameter ID/Outside (OD), te Pancake, te Tuwhera, me te Tūnga-maha.
He mea nui te wera ōrite mō ngā hononga whakarewa kounga teitei. Hei mahi i tēnei, me whakarite te kaiwhakahaere he iti te tawhiti poutū i waenga i ia koropiko koiri whakapūmau, ā, kia ōrite tonu te tawhiti hononga (te whānui o te āputa mai i te koiri OD ki te ID).
Muri iho, ka tahuri te kaiwhakahaere i te hiko hei tīmata i te tukanga whakamahana i te hononga. Kei roto i tēnei ko te whakawhiti tere i te aukume whakawhiti auau waenga, auau teitei rānei mai i te pūtake hiko ki te inductor hei hanga i tētahi papa aukume whakawhiti huri noa i a ia.
Ka puta he iahiko i runga i te mata o te hononga i te papa aukume, ka puta he wera hei whakarewa i te konganuku whakakī, ka taea ai te rere me te whakamakuku i te mata o te wāhanga konganuku, ka hanga he hononga kaha. Mā te whakamahi i ngā koiri maha-tūnga, ka taea te mahi i tēnei tukanga ki runga i ngā wāhanga maha i te wā kotahi.
E taunakihia ana kia horoia whakamutunga me te tirotirohia ia wāhanga kua whakarewaina. Mā te horoi i ngā wāhanga ki te wai kua werahia ki te 120 F neke atu rānei ka tangohia ngā toenga rere me ngā unahi katoa i hangaia i te wā e whakarewaina ana. Me rumaki te wāhanga ki te wai i muri i te whakapakeketanga o te konganuku whakakī engari kei te wera tonu te huihuinga.
I runga i te wāhanga, ka taea te whai i te tirotiro iti me te whakamātautau kore-whakangaro me te whakamātautau whakangaro. Kei roto i ngā tikanga NDT te tirotiro tirohanga me te tirotiro irahiko, tae atu ki te whakamātautau turuturu me te ārai. Ko ngā tikanga whakamātautau whakangaro noa ko te whakamātautau whakarewa, te tihore, te kutikuti, te kutikuti, te ngenge, te whakawhiti, me te whakamātautau takahuri.
"He nui ake te haumitanga pūtea o mua mō te whakakā whakapūkara i te tikanga rama, engari he pai te mahi nā te mea ka whiwhi koe i te whai huatanga me te mana whakahaere," te kī a Holland. "Mā te whakapūkara, ina hiahia koe ki te wera, pēhi noa. Ki te kore, pēhi noa."
He whānuitanga o ngā pūtake hiko e hangaia ana e Eldec mō te whakakoi hiko, pērā i te raina auau waenga ECO LINE MF, e wātea ana i roto i ngā whirihoranga rerekē hei whakatutuki i ia tono. Kei te wātea ēnei pūtake hiko i roto i ngā whakatauranga hiko mai i te 5 ki te 150 kW me ngā auau mai i te 8 ki te 40 Hz. Ka taea te whakauru i ngā tauira katoa ki tētahi āhuatanga whakanui hiko e āhei ai te kaiwhakahaere ki te whakanui ake i te whakatauranga mahi tonu 100% mā te 50% tāpiri i roto i te 3 meneti. Ko ētahi atu āhuatanga matua ko te whakahaere pāmahana pyrometer, te rekoata pāmahana me te pana hiko transistor bipolar kuaha kua whakamahanatia. He iti noa te tiaki e hiahiatia ana mō ēnei mea pau, he marino te mahi, he iti te tapuwae, ā, he ngāwari te whakauru ki ngā kaiwhakahaere pūtau mahi.
Kei te piki haere te whakamahi a ngā kaihanga i roto i ētahi ahumahi i te whakakoi whakakoi hei huihui i ngā wāhanga. E tohu ana a Bausch ki ngā kaihanga motuka, rererangi, taputapu hauora me ngā taputapu keri hei kaiwhakamahi nui rawa atu o ngā taputapu whakakoi whakakoi whakakoi Ambrell.
"Kei te piki haere tonu te maha o ngā wāhanga konumohe whakapūkara whakapūkara i roto i te umanga motuka nā ngā kaupapa whakaiti taumaha," te kī a Bausch. "I roto i te rāngai rererangi, he maha ngā wā ka whakapūkarahia te nikara me ētahi atu momo papa kakahu ki ngā mata jet. Ka whakapūkarahia hoki e ngā umanga e rua ngā momo hononga paipa rino."
Ko ngā pūnaha EasyHeat e ono a Ambrell he whānuitanga auau o te 150 ki te 400 kHz, ā, he pai mō te whakakoi i ngā wāhanga iti o ngā āhua rerekē. Ka tukuna e ngā taputapu iti (0112 me te 0224) te mana whakahaere i roto i te taumira 25 watts; ko ngā tauira i roto i te raupapa LI (3542, 5060, 7590, 8310) ka tukuna te mana whakahaere i roto i te taumira 50 watts.
He pane mahi tango kei ngā raupapa e rua tae atu ki te 10 putu mai i te pūtake hiko. Ka taea te whakarite i ngā mana whakahaere o mua o te pūnaha, e āhei ai te kaiwhakamahi whakamutunga ki te tautuhi i ngā kōtaha whakamahana rerekē e whā, ia kōtaha me te rima ngā hikoinga wā me te hiko. Kei te wātea te mana whakahaere hiko mamao mō te tāuru whakapā, te tāuru anaro rānei, te tauranga raraunga raupapa whiriwhiri rānei.
"Ko ā mātou kiritaki matua mō te whakakoi hiko he kaihanga o ngā wāhanga kei roto ētahi waro, ngā wāhanga papatipu nui rānei kei roto he ōrau nui o te rino," te whakamārama a Rich Cukelj, Kaiwhakahaere Whakawhanake Pakihi Fusion. "Ko ētahi o ēnei kamupene e mahi ana ki ngā ahumahi motuka me te rererangi, ko ētahi e hanga ana i ngā pū, i ngā huihuinga taputapu tapahi, i ngā taputapu paipa me ngā waikeri, i ngā poraka tohatoha hiko me ngā fiusi rānei."
Ka hokona e Fusion ngā pūnaha hurihuri ritenga ka taea te whakapūmau i te 100 ki te 1,000 wāhanga ia hāora. E ai ki a Cukelj, ka taea te whakaputa hua teitei ake mō te momo wāhanga kotahi, mō te raupapa wāhanga motuhake rānei. Ko te rahi o ēnei wāhanga kei waenga i te 2 ki te 14 inihi tapawhā.
"Kei roto i ia pūnaha he tohu tātaitai mai i Stelron Components Inc. me ngā teihana mahi e 8, 10, 12 rānei," te whakamārama a Cukelj. "Ko ētahi teihana mahi e whakamahia ana mō te whakakoi, ko ētahi e whakamahia ana mō te tirotiro, te whakamahi i ngā kāmera tirohanga, i ngā taputapu ine taiaho rānei, te mahi whakamātautau kukume rānei hei whakarite kia kounga teitei ngā hononga whakakoi."
E ai ki a Holland, ka whakamahia e ngā kaihanga ngā pūhiko hiko ECO LINE paerewa a eldec mō ngā momo mahi whakakoi hiko, pērā i ngā rotor me ngā toki e hono ana ki te whakawhāiti, te hono rānei i ngā whare motuka. Nō nā tata nei, i whakamahia he tauira 100 kW o tēnei mīhini whakaputa hiko i roto i tētahi mahi wāhanga nui e uru ana ki te whakakoi i ngā mowhiti ara iahiko parahi ki ngā hononga tap parahi mō ngā mīhini whakaputa hiko wai.
Kei te hanga hoki a Eldec i ngā pūhiko hiko MiniMICO kawe ka taea te neke haere i te wheketere me te whānuitanga auau o te 10 ki te 25 kHz. E rua tau ki muri, i whakamahia e te kaihanga o ngā ngongo whakawhiti wera motuka a MiniMICO hei whakapūmau i ngā tuke whakahoki ki ia ngongo. Kotahi te tangata i mahi i te whakapūmau katoa, ā, iti iho i te 30 hēkona te roa o te huihui i ia ngongo.
He ētita matua a Jim i ASSEMBLY, ā, neke atu i te 30 tau ōna wheako ētita. I mua i tana urunga ki ASSEMBLY, ko Camillo te Pirimia Inihinia, te ētita o te Association for Equipment Engineering Journal me te Milling Journal. He tohu paetahi tā Jim i te reo Ingarihi mai i Te Whare Wānanga o DePaul.
Tukuna he Tono mō te Tūtohinga (RFP) ki tētahi kaihoko o tāu e pai ai, ka pāwhiri i te pātene e whakaatu ana i ō hiahia.
Tirotirohia tā mātou aratohu kaihoko ki te kimi i ngā kaiwhakarato o ngā momo hangarau huihuinga katoa, ngā mīhini me ngā pūnaha, ngā kaiwhakarato ratonga me ngā whakahaere hokohoko.
Kua roa a Lean Six Sigma e akiaki ana i ngā mahi whakapai tonu, engari kua kitea kētia ōna ngoikoretanga. He nui te mahi e hiahiatia ana mō te kohikohi raraunga, ā, he iti noa ngā tauira ka taea te hopu. Ka taea te hopu raraunga i ngā wā roa, i ngā wāhi maha hoki, he iti noa iho te utu o ngā tikanga ā-ringa tawhito.
He iti ake te utu mō ngā karetao, ā, he māmā ake te whakamahi i tēnei hangarau i mua. Kei te wātea tonu tēnei hangarau mō ngā kaihanga iti me ngā kaihanga waenga. Whakarongo mai ki tēnei wānanga motuhake e whakaatu ana i ngā kaiwhakahaere o ngā kaiwhakarato karetao matua e whā o Amerika: ATI Industrial Automation, Epson Robots, FANUC America, me Universal Robots.