Hoʻohana nā laina hydraulic kuʻuna i hoʻokahi hopena lapalapa a hana pinepine ʻia e like me SAE-J525 a i ʻole ASTM-A513-T5, nā mea paʻakikī ke loaʻa ma ka home. Hiki i nā OEM e ʻimi nei i nā mea hoʻolako kūloko ke pani i nā paipu i hana ʻia e like me nā kikoʻī SAE-J356A a hoʻopaʻa ʻia me nā sila maka O-ring, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia. Hana ʻia e Tru-Line.
Hoʻomaopopo a ka Luna Hoʻoponopono: ʻO kēia ʻatikala ka mea mua ma kahi moʻo ʻelua ʻāpana e pili ana i ka mākeke a me ka hana ʻana o nā laina hoʻoili wai no nā noi kaomi kiʻekiʻe. Kūkākūkā ka ʻāpana mua i ke kūlana o nā waihona lako huahana kuʻuna kūloko a me nā haole. Kūkākūkā ka ʻāpana ʻelua i nā kikoʻī o nā huahana kuʻuna ʻole e pili ana i kēia mākeke.
Ua hoʻoulu ka maʻi ahulau COVID-19 i nā loli i manaʻo ʻole ʻia ma nā ʻoihana he nui, me ke kaulahao lako paipu kila a me ke kaʻina hana paipu. Mai ka hopena o 2019 a hiki i kēia manawa, ua ʻike ka mākeke paipu i nā loli hoʻopilikia i nā hana hale hana a me nā hana logistics. Ua puka mai kahi pilikia lōʻihi i ka limelight.
ʻOi aku ka nui o ka poʻe hana ma mua o ka wā ma mua. He pilikia kanaka ka maʻi ahulau, a ua hoʻololi ke koʻikoʻi o ke olakino i ke kaulike hana-ola-pāʻani no ka hapa nui, inā ʻaʻole nā ​​mea āpau. Ua emi ka nui o nā limahana akamai ma muli o ka hoʻomaha ʻana, ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi poʻe hana ke hoʻi i nā hana kahiko a loaʻa paha nā hana hou ma ka ʻoihana like a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe he nui. I nā lā mua o ke ahulau, ua kau nui ʻia ka nele o nā limahana ma nā ʻoihana e hilinaʻi nei i ka hana mua, e like me ka mālama olakino a me ke kūʻai aku, ʻoiai nā limahana hana e noho ana ma ka furlough a i ʻole ka hoʻemi nui ʻana i nā hola hana. Ke pilikia nei nā mea hana i ka hoʻolimalima ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā limahana, me nā mea hana wili paipu akamai. ʻO ka hana ʻana i ka paipu he hana lima lima, he hana kola polū e pono ai ka hoʻoikaika nui ʻana i kahi ʻano i kāohi ʻole ʻia e ke aniau. E ʻaʻahu i nā lako pale pilikino keu (ʻo ia hoʻi nā masks) e hōʻemi i ka maʻi a hahai i nā lula keu, e like me ka noho ʻana he 6 kapuaʻi ka lōʻihi. Hiki i ka mamao linear mai nā poʻe ʻē aʻe ke hoʻohui i ke kaumaha i kahi hana i loaʻa mua nā mea hoʻokiʻekiʻe kaumaha.
Ua loli pū ke kumukūʻai o ke kila a me ke kila maka i ka wā maʻi ahulau. No ka hapa nui o nā paipu, ʻo ke kila ke kumukūʻai nui loa. Ma ke ʻano he lula o ka manamana lima, he 50% o ke kumukūʻai no kēlā me kēia kapuaʻi o ka paipu ke kila. A hiki i ka hapaha ʻehā o 2020, ua awelika nā kumukūʻai kila ʻōwili anu kūloko o US ma kahi o $800/t no ʻekolu mau makahiki. I ka hopena o 2021, ua hāʻule nā ​​​​kumukūʻai i $2,200 no kēlā me kēia tona.
I ka nānā ʻana i ke ʻano o ka loli ʻana o kēia mau mea ʻelua i ka wā maʻi ahulau, pehea ka pane ʻana o nā ʻoihana ma ka mākeke paipu? He aha ka hopena o kēia mau hoʻololi i ke kaulahao lako paipu, a he aha nā alakaʻi pono e loaʻa ai no ka ʻoihana e puka mai i kēia pilikia?
He mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo kekahi luna hoʻokele kiʻekiʻe o ka hale hana paipu i ke kuleana o kāna ʻoihana ma ka ʻoihana: "ʻElua wale nō mea a mākou e hana ai ma ʻaneʻi - hana mākou i nā paipu, a kūʻai aku mākou iā lākou." , nui loa nā mea hoʻowalewale, nui loa nā mea e hoʻonāwaliwali ai i nā waiwai koʻikoʻi o ka ʻoihana, a i ʻole ka pilikia o kēia manawa (a i ʻole kēia mau mea āpau, ʻo ia ka mea pinepine) he waiwai ia i nā luna hoʻokele i hoʻoluhi ʻia.
He mea nui e hoʻokō a mālama i ka mana ma ka nānā ʻana i nā mea nui: nā mea e hoʻopilikia ai i ka hana ʻana a me ke kūʻai aku ʻana i nā paipu maikaʻi. Inā ʻaʻole i kālele ʻia nā hana a kahi ʻoihana ma kēia mau hana ʻelua, ua hiki i ka manawa e hoʻi ai i nā kumu.
I ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi ahulau, ua hāʻule ka noi no nā paipu ma kekahi mau ʻoihana i aneane ʻole. Ke noho wale nei nā hale hana kaʻa a me nā ʻoihana ma nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe i manaʻo ʻia he mea liʻiliʻi. Aia kekahi manawa i hana ʻole ai ka poʻe he nui i ka ʻoihana i nā paipu a kūʻai ʻole aku paha. Ke hoʻomau nei ka mākeke paipu no kekahi mau ʻoihana koʻikoʻi wale nō.
ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ke hana nei ka poʻe i kā lākou mea. Kūʻai kekahi poʻe i nā pahu hau hou e mālama i ka meaʻai. Hoʻomaka ka mākeke hale ma hope a kūʻai pinepine ka poʻe i kekahi a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​mea hana hou ke kūʻai lākou i hale, no laila ke kākoʻo nei nā ʻano ʻelua i ke koi no nā paipu liʻiliʻi. Ke hoʻomaka nei ka ʻoihana lako mahiʻai e hoʻōla, me ka nui o nā mea nona e makemake ana i nā tractors liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​mea ʻoki mauʻu zero-turn. A laila hoʻomaka hou ka mākeke kaʻa, ʻoiai ma ka wikiwiki lohi ma muli o nā mea e like me ka nele o nā ʻāpana.
Kiʻi 1. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo SAE-J525 a me ASTM-A519 ma ke ʻano he pani maʻamau no SAE-J524 a me ASTM-A513T5. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui, ʻo ia ka hoʻopili ʻia ʻana o SAE-J525 a me ASTM-A513T5, ʻaʻole i hoʻohuihui ʻia. Ua hoʻokumu nā pilikia o ke kumu e like me nā manawa alakaʻi ʻeono mahina i nā manawa kūpono no ʻelua mau huahana paipu ʻē aʻe, ʻo SAE-J356 (i hāʻawi ʻia i loko o ka paipu pololei) a me SAE-J356A (i hāʻawi ʻia i loko o ka coil), kahi e hoʻokō ai i nā koi like he nui.
Ua loli ke mākeke, akā ua like nō nā kulekele. ʻAʻohe mea nui aʻe ma mua o ka nānā ʻana i ka hana ʻana a me ke kūʻai aku ʻana i nā paipu e like me nā koi o ka mākeke.
ʻO ka nīnau "hana a kūʻai paha" e kū mai ana i ka wā e kū ai nā hana hana i nā kumukūʻai hana kiʻekiʻe a me nā kumuwaiwai kūloko paʻa a emi iho paha.
ʻO ka hana ʻana i nā huahana tubular ma hope o ka welded e pono ai nā kumuwaiwai koʻikoʻi. Ma muli o ka hopena a me ka hana ʻana o ka mea kanu, i kekahi manawa he pono waiwai ka ʻoki ʻana i nā ʻāpana ākea i loko o ka hale. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i ka ʻoki ʻana i loko ke lilo i mea kaumaha, no nā koi hana, nā koi kapikala mea hana a me nā kumukūʻai waihona broadband.
Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ʻo ka ʻoki ʻana i 2,000 tons i ka mahina e hopena i 5,000 tons o ke kila i loko o ka waihona, e noho ana i ka nui o ke kālā. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, he liʻiliʻi loa ke kālā e pono ai e kūʻai i ke kila ʻoki ākea i kahi hoʻonohonoho koke. ʻOiaʻiʻo, no ka mea hiki i ka mea hana paipu ke kūkākūkā i nā ʻōlelo hōʻaiʻē me ka slitter, hiki iā ia ke hoʻopaneʻe i ka hoʻolilo kālā. He ʻokoʻa kēlā me kēia wili paipu ma kēia ʻano, akā palekana ke ʻōlelo ʻana ua hoʻopilikia ʻia kēlā me kēia mea hana paipu e ka maʻi ahulau COVID-19 e pili ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka limahana akamai, nā kumukūʻai kila, a me ke kahe kālā.
Pēlā nō hoʻi no ka hana ʻana i nā paipu ponoʻī, ma muli o ke kūlana. Hiki i nā ʻoihana me nā kaulahao waiwai nui ke koho i waho o ka ʻoihana hana paipu. Ma kahi o ka hana ʻana i ka paipu a laila kūlou iā ia, uhi ʻia a hana i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻākoakoa, kūʻai i ka paipu a kālele i nā hana ʻē aʻe.
He nui nā ʻoihana e hana ana i nā ʻāpana hydraulic a i ʻole nā ​​pūʻolo paipu lawelawe wai kaʻa i kā lākou mau wili paipu ponoʻī. ʻO kekahi o kēia mau hale hana i kēia manawa he mau kuleana ma mua o nā waiwai. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻokele ʻana o nā mea kūʻai aku i ka wā maʻi ahulau, a ʻoi aku ka mamao o nā wānana kūʻai aku kaʻa mai nā pae ma mua o ka maʻi ahulau. Pili ka mākeke kaʻa me nā huaʻōlelo maikaʻi ʻole e like me ka pani ʻana, ka emi nui ʻana a me ka nele. ʻAʻohe mea e hōʻike ana e loli nui ke kūlana lako o nā OEM kaʻa a me kā lākou mea hoʻolako i ka wā e hiki mai ana. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā EV ma kēia mākeke he emi nā ʻāpana powertrain paipu kila.
ʻO ka maʻamau, kūkulu ʻia nā wili paipu pio mai nā hoʻolālā maʻamau. He pono kēia no kāna hoʻohana i manaʻo ʻia - ka hana ʻana i nā paipu no kahi noi kikoʻī - akā he hemahema ia ma ke ʻano o nā hoʻokele waiwai o ka unahi. No ka laʻana, e noʻonoʻo i kahi wili paipu i hoʻolālā ʻia e hana i nā huahana OD 10mm no kahi papahana kaʻa i ʻike ʻia. Hoʻohiki ka papahana i nā hoʻonohonoho e pili ana i ka nui. Ma hope mai, ua hoʻohui ʻia kahi kaʻina hana liʻiliʻi no kahi paipu ʻē aʻe me ke anawaena waho like. Ua hala ka manawa, ua pau ka hoʻolālā mua, a ʻaʻole lawa ka nui o ka hui e hoʻāpono ai i ka hoʻolālā ʻelua. Kiʻekiʻe loa nā kumukūʻai hoʻonohonoho a me nā kumukūʻai ʻē aʻe e hoʻāpono ai. I kēia hihia, inā hiki i ka hui ke loaʻa kahi mea hoʻolako kūpono, pono ia e hoʻāʻo e hoʻopuka i ka papahana.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole e pau ka helu ʻana ma ka ʻoki. ʻO nā ʻanuʻu hoʻopau e like me ka uhi ʻana, ka ʻoki ʻana i ka lōʻihi a me ka hoʻopili ʻana e hoʻohui i ke kumukūʻai nui. E like me ka ʻōlelo, ʻo ke kumukūʻai huna nui o ka hana ʻana i ka paipu ka lawelawe ʻana. Hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka paipu mai ka hale wili a i ka hale kūʻai, kahi e wehe ʻia ai a hoʻouka ʻia ma luna o kahi papa hana no ka ʻoki hope loa, a laila ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā paipu e hōʻoia i ka hānai ʻia ʻana o nā paipu i loko o ka mīkini ʻoki hoʻokahi - ʻo kēia mau ʻanuʻu āpau e pono ai ka hana. ʻAʻole paha e ʻike ʻia kēia kumukūʻai hana e kahi mea helu kālā, akā hiki mai ia ma ke ʻano o kahi mea hoʻokele forklift keu a i ʻole kekahi kanaka keu ma ka ʻoihana halihali.
Kiʻi 2. ʻAneʻane like nā ʻano kemika o SAE-J525 a me SAE-J356A, e kōkua ana i ka mea hope e pani i ka mea mua.
Ua puni nā paipu hydraulic no nā tausani makahiki. Ua kuʻi ka poʻe ʻAigupita i ka uea keleawe ma mua o 4,000 mau makahiki i hala. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ke kaula ʻohe ma Kina i ka wā o ka Xia Dynasty, ma kahi o 2000 BC, a ma hope ua kūkulu ʻia nā ʻōnaehana plumbing Roma me nā conduits kēpau, kahi huahana o ke kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe kālā.
ʻO ke ʻano maʻalahi. Ua hoʻomaka mua ʻia nā paipu kila humuhumu o kēia wā ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau i ka makahiki 1890. Mai ka makahiki 1890 a hiki i kēia lā, ʻo ka mea maka no kēia kaʻina hana he billet poepoe paʻa. ʻO nā hana hou i ka hoʻolei mau ʻana i nā makahiki 1950 i alakaʻi i ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā paipu humuhumu mai nā ingots i ka mea i lilo i mea kila maka haʻahaʻa, nā billets. I ka wā ma mua a me kēia manawa, hana ʻia nā paipu hydraulic ma ke kahakiʻi anu ʻana i nā hollows humuhumu i hana ʻia e kēia kaʻina hana. Ma ka mākeke ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo SAE-J524 e ka Society of Automotive Engineers a me ASTM-A519 e ka American Society for Testing and Materials.
ʻO ka hana ʻana i nā paipu hydraulic seamless he hana nui ia e hana nui ai ka hana, ʻoiai no nā diameters liʻiliʻi. Pono ia i ka nui o ka ikehu a koi i ka nui o kahi.
kuʻihao. I nā makahiki 1970, ua loli ka mākeke. Ma hope o ka noho aliʻi ʻana ma ka mākeke paipu kila no kahi kokoke i 100 mau makahiki, he paheʻe maʻalahi. Ua kīkē ʻia e ka paipu welded, kahi i ʻike ʻia he kūpono no nā noi mechanical he nui i ke kūkulu ʻana a me nā mākeke kaʻa. Ua lawe pū ia i kekahi ʻāina ma kahi i kapa ʻia ma mua he ʻāina hoʻāno - ka ʻāpana pipeline aila a me ke kinoea.
ʻElua mau hana hou i kōkua i kēia hoʻololi ma ka mākeke. ʻO kekahi o lākou e pili ana i ka hoʻolei ʻana i ka papa hoʻomau, kahi e hiki ai i nā wili kila ke hana nui i ka ʻāpana pālahalaha kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kekahi hana e hana ai i ka wili kū'ē alapine kiʻekiʻe i kahi hana kūpono no ka ʻoihana paipu. ʻO ka hopena he huahana hou: hana maikaʻi e like me ka paipu kila seamless i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā huahana seamless like, a ma ke kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa. Hana ʻia kēia paipu i kēia lā a ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo SAE-J525 a i ʻole ASTM-A513-T5 ma ka mākeke ʻAmelika ʻĀkau. No ka mea ua huki ʻia a hoʻomehana ʻia ka paipu, he huahana waiwai nui ia. ʻAʻole like kēia mau kaʻina hana me ka hana a me ke kapikala e like me nā kaʻina hana seamless, akā kiʻekiʻe mau nā kumukūʻai e pili ana iā lākou.
Mai nā makahiki 1990 a hiki i kēia manawa, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā paipu laina hydraulic i hoʻopau ʻia ma ka mākeke kūloko, inā he seamless drawn (SAE-J524) a i ʻole welded drawn (SAE-J525), ua lawe ʻia mai. ʻO kēia paha ka hopena o ka ʻokoʻa nui o nā kumukūʻai hana a me ke kila maka ma waena o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me nā ʻāina e hoʻokuʻu aku ana. No nā makahiki 30 a 40 i hala iho nei, ua loaʻa kēia mau huahana mai nā mea hana kūloko, akā ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokumu iā lākou iho he mana nui ma kēia mākeke. ʻO ke kumukūʻai kūpono o nā huahana i lawe ʻia mai he pilikia nui ia.
mākeke o kēia manawa. Ke emi nei ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka huahana seamless, drawn a annealed J524 i nā makahiki. Loaʻa nō ia a he wahi kona ma ka mākeke laina hydraulic, akā koho pinepine nā OEM iā J525 inā loaʻa koke ka huahana welded, drawn a annealed J525.
Ua pā mai ka maʻi ahulau a ua loli hou ka mākeke. Ke emi nei ka lako o ka hana honua, ke kila a me ka logistics ma kahi o ka wikiwiki like me ka emi ʻana o ke koi no nā kaʻa. Pēlā nō hoʻi no ka lako o ka paipu hydraulic J525 i lawe ʻia mai. Ma muli o kēia mau hanana, ʻike ʻia ua mākaukau ka mākeke kūloko no kahi hoʻololi mākeke ʻē aʻe. Mākaukau e hana i kahi huahana ʻē aʻe, kahi mea emi ka hana ma mua o ka welding, drawing a me ka annealing tube? Aia kekahi, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia. ʻO SAE-J356A ia, kahi e hoʻokō ai i nā koi o nā noi hydraulic he nui (e ʻike i ke Kiʻi 1).
ʻO nā kikoʻī i paʻi ʻia e ka SAE he pōkole a maʻalahi hoʻi, ʻoiai ʻo kēlā me kēia kikoʻī e wehewehe ana i hoʻokahi wale nō kaʻina hana no ka hana ʻana i ka paipu. ʻO ka hemahema, ʻo J525 lāua ʻo J356A he nui ka like ʻana ma nā ana, nā waiwai mechanical, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, no laila ke lūlū nei nā kikoʻī i nā hua o ka huikau. Eia kekahi, ʻo J356A kahi huahana wili no nā laina hydraulic liʻiliʻi a he ʻano like ʻole ia o J356, he huahana paipu pololei i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā laina hydraulic diameter nui.
Kiʻi 3. ʻOiai ua manaʻo ʻia e nā mea he nui he ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā paipu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a me nā paipu i huki ʻia i ke anu ma mua o nā paipu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a me nā paipu i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ke anu, ua like nā waiwai mechanical o nā huahana paipu ʻelua. Nānā: ʻO ka waiwai imperial ma PSI he hoʻololi palupalu ia o ke kikoʻī, he waiwai metric ia ma MPa.
Manaʻo kekahi mau ʻenekinia he ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka J525 i nā noi hydraulic kiʻekiʻe, e like me nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia i nā lako kaumaha. ʻAʻole ʻike nui ʻia ʻo J356A, akā he kikoʻī hoʻi ia e lawe ana i ka wai kaomi kiʻekiʻe. I kekahi manawa ʻokoʻa nā koi hoʻokumu hope loa: ʻaʻohe bead ID o J525, ʻoiai ʻo J356A ka mana o ka flash a he bead ID liʻiliʻi kona.
Loaʻa i nā mea maka nā waiwai like (e nānā i ke Kiʻi 2). Pili nā ʻokoʻa liʻiliʻi i ka hoʻohuihui kemika i nā waiwai mechanical i makemake ʻia. I mea e hoʻokō ai i kekahi mau waiwai mechanical, e like me ka ikaika haki i ke tension a i ʻole ka ikaika tensile hope loa (UTS), ua kaupalena ʻia ka hoʻohuihui kemika a i ʻole ka mālama wela o ke kila e hoʻopuka i kekahi mau hopena.
He ʻano like nā ʻano paipu o nā ʻano hana mechanical like, e hoʻololi ai iā lākou i nā noi he nui (e nānā i ke Kiʻi 3). I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, inā ʻaʻole loaʻa kekahi, e hoʻokō paha kekahi i nā koi. ʻAʻohe mea e pono e hana hou i ka huila; ua loaʻa i ka ʻoihana kahi hoʻonohonoho o nā huila ikaika a kaulike.
Ua lilo ʻo Tube & Pipe Journal i makasina mua i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no ka lawelawe ʻana i ka ʻoihana paipu metala i ka makahiki 1990. I kēia lā, ʻo ia wale nō ka puke paʻi ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no ka ʻoihana a ua lilo i kumu ʻike hilinaʻi loa no nā poʻe loea paipu.
I kēia manawa me ke komo piha ʻana i ka paʻi kikohoʻe o The FABRICATOR, komo maʻalahi i nā kumuwaiwai ʻoihana waiwai nui.
Ua hiki ke loaʻa piha ʻia ka paʻi kikohoʻe o The Tube & Pipe Journal i kēia manawa, e hāʻawi ana i ke komo maʻalahi i nā kumuwaiwai waiwai o ka ʻoihana.
E hauʻoli i ke komo piha ʻana i ka paʻi kikohoʻe o STAMPING Journal, kahi e hāʻawi ai i nā holomua ʻenehana hou loa, nā hana maikaʻi loa a me nā nūhou ʻoihana no ka mākeke sila metala.
I kēia manawa me ke komo piha ʻana i ka paʻi kikohoʻe o The Fabricator en Español, komo maʻalahi i nā kumuwaiwai waiwai nui o ka ʻoihana.