Lesi sihloko esinezingxenye ezimbili sifingqa amaphuzu abalulekile esihlokweni mayelana nokupholisha ngogesi futhi sibukeza isethulo sikaTverberg e-InterPhex kamuva kule nyanga. Namuhla, eNgxenyeni 1, sizoxoxa ngokubaluleka kokupholisha ngogesi amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali, amasu okupholisha ngogesi, kanye nezindlela zokuhlaziya. Engxenyeni yesibili, sethula ucwaningo lwakamuva ngamapayipi ensimbi engagqwali apholishwe ngomshini angasebenzi.
Ingxenye 1: Amapayipi Ensimbi Engagqwali Apholishiwe Ngogesi Izimboni zemithi neze-semiconductor zidinga inani elikhulu lamapayipi ensimbi engagqwali apholishiwe ngogesi. Kuzo zombili izimo, insimbi engagqwali engu-316L iyi-alloy ekhethwayo. Ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswa ama-alloy ensimbi engagqwali ane-molybdenum engu-6%; ama-alloy C-22 kanye ne-C-276 abalulekile kubakhiqizi be-semiconductor, ikakhulukazi lapho kusetshenziswa i-gaseous hydrochloric acid njengesithako.
Chaza kalula amaphutha obuso obungafihlwa ngaphandle kwenkinga yeziphambeko zobuso ezitholakala ezintweni ezivame kakhulu.
Ukungasebenzi kwamakhemikhali kwengqimba yokungasebenzisi kubangelwa ukuthi kokubili i-chromium ne-iron kusesimweni sokungasebenzisi i-oxidation esingu-3+, futhi akuzona izinsimbi ezi-zerovalent. Izindawo ezipholishwe ngomshini zigcine okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-iron yamahhala kufilimu ngisho nangemva kokungasebenzi isikhathi eside kokushisa nge-nitric acid. Lesi sici sodwa sinikeza izindawo ezipholishwe ngogesi inzuzo enkulu maqondana nokuzinza kwesikhathi eside.
Omunye umehluko obalulekile phakathi kwalezi zindawo ezimbili ukuba khona (ezindaweni ezipholishwe ngomshini) noma ukungabikho (ezindaweni ezipholishwe ngogesi) kwezinto ezihlanganisa i-alloy. Izindawo ezipholishwe ngomshini zigcina ukwakheka okuyinhloko kokuhlanganisa ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kakhulu kwezinye izinto ezihlanganisa i-alloy, kuyilapho izindawo ezipholishwe ngogesi ziqukethe i-chromium nensimbi kuphela.
Ukwenza amapayipi acwebezelisiwe ngogesi Ukuze uthole indawo ecwebezelisiwe ngogesi, udinga ukuqala ngendawo ebushelelezi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi siqala ngensimbi esezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu, eyenzelwe ukushibilika kahle. Ukulawula kuyadingeka lapho kuncibilikiswa isulfure, i-silicon, i-manganese kanye nezinto ezisusa i-oxidizing ezifana ne-aluminium, i-titanium, i-calcium, i-magnesium kanye ne-delta ferrite. I-strip kumele iphathwe ngokushisa ukuze kuncibilikiswe noma yiziphi izigaba zesibili ezingase zakheke ngesikhathi sokuqina kokuncibilika noma ezakhiwe ngesikhathi sokucubungula izinga lokushisa eliphezulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlobo lokuphela kwemigqa lubaluleke kakhulu. I-ASTM A-480 ibala ukuqedwa kwezindawo ezintathu ezibandayo ezitholakala ezitolo: 2D (i-air annealed, i-pickled, ne-blunt rolled), 2B (i-air annealed, i-roll pickled, ne-roll polished), kanye ne-2BA (i-bright annealed and shield polished). atmosphere).
Ukuhlela iphrofayili, ukushisela kanye nokulungiswa kobuhlalu kumele kulawulwe ngokucophelela ukuze kutholakale ithubhu eliyindilinga kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngemva kokupholisha, ngisho nokusikwa okuncane kakhulu kobuhlalu noma umugqa oyisicaba wobuhlalu kuzobonakala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemva kokupholisha ngogesi, iminonjana yokugoqa, ukugoqa amaphethini okushisela kanye nanoma yimuphi umonakalo womshini ebusweni uzobonakala.
Ngemva kokwelashwa ngokushisa, ububanzi bangaphakathi bepayipi kumele bupholishwe ngomshini ukuze kususwe amaphutha ebusweni akhiwe ngesikhathi sokwakheka kwe-strip kanye nepayipi. Kulesi sigaba, ukukhetha ukuphela kwemigqa kuba yinto ebalulekile. Uma ukugoqa kujule kakhulu, insimbi eyengeziwe kumele isuswe ebusweni bobubanzi bangaphakathi bepayipi ukuze kutholakale ipayipi elibushelelezi. Uma ukugoqa kungajulile noma kungekho, kudingeka kususwe insimbi encane. Ukuphela okuhle kakhulu okupholishwe ngogesi, ngokuvamile okusebangeni elingama-intshi ama-5 noma okubushelelezi, kutholakala ngokupholishwa kwebhande elide kwamapayipi. Lolu hlobo lokupholishwa lususa iningi lensimbi ebusweni, ngokuvamile ebangeni elingama-intshi angu-0.001, ngaleyo ndlela kususwe imingcele yokusanhlamvu, ukungapheleli kobuso, kanye namaphutha akhekile. Ukupholishwa okujikelezayo kususa izinto ezincane, kudala ubuso "obunamafu", futhi ngokuvamile kukhiqiza i-Ra ephezulu (ukugoba kobuso okumaphakathi) ebangeni elingama-intshi angu-10-15.
Ukupholisha Nge-Electropolishing kumane kuyindlela yokumboza engemuva. Isixazululo sokupholisha nge-electropolishing sipompelwa phezu kobubanzi bangaphakathi bepayipi kuyilapho i-cathode idonswa ngepayipi. Insimbi kungcono isuswe ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu ebusweni. Inqubo "ithemba" lokufaka i-galvanize i-cathode ngensimbi encibilika ngaphakathi kwepayipi (okungukuthi, i-anode). Kubalulekile ukulawula i-electrochemistry ukuvimbela ukumboza nge-cathodic nokugcina i-valency efanele ye-ion ngayinye.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlanza nge-electro, kwakheka umoya-mpilo ebusweni be-anode noma insimbi engagqwali, bese kwakheka i-hydrogen ebusweni be-cathode. I-oxygen iyisithako esibalulekile ekudaleni izakhiwo ezikhethekile zezindawo ezipholishiwe nge-electro, kokubili ukwandisa ukujula kwesendlalelo sokuphumula kanye nokudala isendlalelo sangempela sokuphumula.
Ukupholisha nge-electro kwenzeka ngaphansi kwesendlalelo okuthiwa “i-Jacquet”, okuyi-nickel sulfite eyenziwe nge-polymer. Noma yini ephazamisa ukwakheka kwesendlalelo se-Jacquet izoholela endaweni ene-electropolished enephutha. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuyi-ion, njenge-chloride noma i-nitrate, evimbela ukwakheka kwe-nickel sulfite. Ezinye izinto eziphazamisayo yi-silicone oils, amafutha, ama-waxes kanye namanye ama-hydrocarbon amade.
Ngemva kokupholisha ngogesi, amapayipi agezwa ngamanzi futhi aphinde afakwe i-nitric acid eshisayo. Lokhu kupholisha okwengeziwe kuyadingeka ukuze kususwe noma iyiphi i-nickel sulfite esele futhi kuthuthukiswe isilinganiso se-chromium kuya kwensimbi. Amapayipi alandelayo aphinde afakwa agezwa ngamanzi enqubo, afakwa emanzini ashisayo afakwe i-ion, omiswe futhi apakishwe. Uma kudingeka ukupakishwa kwegumbi elihlanzekile, ipayipi liphinde lihlanzwe emanzini afakwe i-ion kuze kufinyelelwe ekuqhutshweni komoya okucacisiwe, bese lomiswa nge-nitrogen eshisayo ngaphambi kokupakishwa.
Izindlela ezivame kakhulu zokuhlaziya izindawo ezipholishiwe nge-electron yi-Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) kanye ne-X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-chemical analysis electron spectroscopy). I-AES isebenzisa ama-electron akhiqizwa eduze kobuso ukuze ikhiqize isignali ethile yento ngayinye, enikeza ukusatshalaliswa kwezinto ngokujula. I-XPS isebenzisa ama-X-ray athambile adala ama-spectra okubopha, okuvumela izinhlobo zama-molecule ukuthi zihlukaniswe ngesimo se-oxidation.
Inani lobukhulu bomphezulu elinephrofayili yobuso efana nokubukeka kobuso alisho ukubukeka okufanayo kobuso. Iningi labaphrofayili banamuhla lingabika amanani amaningi ahlukene obukhulu bomphezulu, okuhlanganisa i-Rq (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-RMS), i-Ra, i-Rt (umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-minimum trough kanye ne-maximum peak), i-Rz (isilinganiso sokuphakama kwephrofayili esiphezulu), kanye namanye amanani amaningana. Lawa ma-expression atholwe ngenxa yokubala okuhlukahlukene kusetshenziswa i-pass eyodwa ezungeze umphezulu ngepeni ledayimane. Kulokhu kudlula, ingxenye ebizwa ngokuthi “i-cutoff” ikhethwa ngogesi futhi izibalo zisekelwe kule ngxenye.
Izindawo zingachazwa kangcono kusetshenziswa inhlanganisela yamanani ahlukene okuklama njenge-Ra ne-Rt, kodwa akukho msebenzi owodwa ongahlukanisa phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili ezahlukene ezinenani elifanayo le-Ra. I-ASME ishicilela indinganiso ye-ASME B46.1, echaza incazelo yomsebenzi ngamunye wokubala.
Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe xhumana no: John Tverberg, Trent Tube, 2015 Energy Dr., PO Box 77, East Troy, WI 53120. Ucingo: 262-642-8210.