Eli nqaku linamacandelo amabini lishwankathela amanqaku aphambili enqaku malunga nokupholisha ngombane kwaye lijonga kwangaphambili intetho kaTverberg kwi-InterPhex kamva kule nyanga. Namhlanje, kwiCandelo loku-1, siza kuxoxa ngokubaluleka kokupholisha ngombane imibhobho yentsimbi engagqwaliyo, iindlela zokupholisha ngombane, kunye neendlela zokuhlalutya. Kwicandelo lesibini, sibonisa uphando lwamva nje malunga nemibhobho yentsimbi engagqwaliyo epholisiweyo ngoomatshini.
Inxalenye 1: Iityhubhu zentsimbi engagqwaliyo epholishiweyo ngombane Amashishini amayeza kunye nee-semiconductor afuna inani elikhulu leetyhubhu zentsimbi engagqwaliyo epholishiweyo ngombane. Kuzo zombini iimeko, intsimbi engagqwaliyo eyi-316L yeyona ikhethwayo. Ii-alloys zentsimbi engagqwaliyo ezine-6% molybdenum ngamanye amaxesha ziyasetyenziswa; ii-alloys C-22 kunye ne-C-276 zibalulekile kubavelisi be-semiconductor, ingakumbi xa i-hydrochloric acid yegesi isetyenziswa njenge-etchant.
Zichaze ngokulula iziphene zomphezulu ebezinokuthi zifihlwe kwingqokelela yezinto ezingaqhelekanga zomphezulu ezifumaneka kwizinto ezixhaphakileyo.
Ukungakwazi kweekhemikhali ukwenza umaleko odlulayo kungenxa yokuba zombini i-chromium kunye ne-iron zikwimeko ye-oxidation ye-3+, kwaye azizo-zerovalent metals. Iindawo ezipholishwe ngoomatshini zigcine umxholo ophezulu we-iron ekhululekileyo kwifilimu nasemva kokudlula kobushushu ixesha elide nge-nitric acid. Le nto yodwa inika iindawo ezipholishwe ngombane inzuzo enkulu ngokubhekiselele kuzinzo lwexesha elide.
Omnye umahluko obalulekileyo phakathi kwezi ndawo zimbini kukubakho (kwiindawo ezicociwe ngoomatshini) okanye ukungabikho (kwiindawo ezicociwe ngombane) kwezinto ezixutyiweyo. Iindawo ezicociwe ngoomatshini zigcina ulwakhiwo oluphambili lwe-alloying ngaphandle kokulahleka okukhulu kwezinye izinto ezixutyiweyo, ngelixa iindawo ezicociwe ngombane ziqulathe i-chromium kunye nesinyithi kuphela.
Ukwenza iipayipi ezipholishwe ngombane Ukuze ufumane umphezulu opholishwe ngombane ogudileyo, kufuneka uqale ngomphezulu ogudileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba siqala ngentsimbi ekumgangatho ophezulu kakhulu, eyenzelwe ukudityaniswa kakuhle. Ulawulo luyimfuneko xa kunyibilikiswa isalfure, isilicon, imanganese kunye nezinto ezisusa ioksijini ezifana ne-aluminium, i-titanium, i-calcium, i-magnesium kunye ne-delta ferrite. Umcu kufuneka uphathwe ngobushushu ukuze unyibilikise naziphi na izigaba zesibini ezinokwenziwa ngexesha lokuqina kokunyibilika okanye ezenziwe ngexesha lokucubungula ubushushu obuphezulu.
Ukongeza, uhlobo lokugqitywa kwemigca yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. I-ASTM A-480 idwelisa ukugqitywa kwemigca ebandayo emithathu ethengiswayo: 2D (i-air annealed, i-pickled, kunye ne-blunt rolled), 2B (i-air annealed, i-roll pickled, kunye ne-roll polished), kunye ne-2BA (i-bright annealed kunye ne-shield polished). i-atmosphere). ii-rolls).
Ukulungisa iprofayili, ukuwelda kunye nokulungiswa kweentsimbi kufuneka kulawulwe ngononophelo ukuze kufunyanwe ityhubhu ejikelezileyo kangangoko. Emva kokupolisha, nokuba kuncinci kangakanani ukunqunyulwa kwentsimbi okanye umgca othe tyaba wentsimbi kuya kubonakala. Ukongeza, emva kokupolisha nge-electropolishing, imikhondo yokuqengqeleka, ukuqengqeleka kweentsimbi kunye nayo nayiphi na ingozi yoomatshini kumphezulu iya kubonakala.
Emva konyango lobushushu, ububanzi bangaphakathi bombhobho kufuneka bupholishwe ngoomatshini ukuze kususwe iziphene zomphezulu ezenziwe ngexesha lokwenziwa komcu kunye nombhobho. Kweli nqanaba, ukukhetha ukugqitywa kwemigca kuba yinto ebalulekileyo. Ukuba umqukumbelo unzulu kakhulu, kufuneka kususwe isinyithi esingaphezulu kumphezulu wobubanzi bangaphakathi bombhobho ukuze kufunyanwe umbhobho ogudileyo. Ukuba uburhabaxa abunzulu okanye abukho, kufuneka kususwe isinyithi esincinci. Ukugqitywa okugqwesileyo okupholishwe ngombane, okuqhele ukuba kuluhlu lwe-5 micro-intshi okanye okuthambileyo, kufunyanwa ngokupholishwa kwebhendi ende yeetyhubhu. Olu hlobo lokupholishwa lususa uninzi lwesinyithi kumphezulu, okuqhele ukuba kuluhlu lwe-0.001 intshi, ngaloo ndlela kususa imida yeenkozo, ukungapheleli komphezulu, kunye neziphene ezenziweyo. Ukupholishwa okujikelezayo kususa izinto ezincinci, kudala umphezulu "onamafu", kwaye kudla ngokuvelisa iRa ephezulu (uburhabaxa bomphezulu obuqhelekileyo) kuluhlu lwe-10-15 microinch.
Ukupholisha nge-Electropolishing kukuphela nje kokugquma okungasemva. Isisombululo sokupholisha nge-electropolishing sipompelwa phezu kobubanzi bangaphakathi betyhubhu ngelixa i-cathode itsalwa ngetyhubhu. Isinyithi sikhethwa ukuba sisuswe kwiindawo eziphakamileyo kumphezulu. Le nkqubo "inethemba" lokufaka i-galvanize i-cathode ngesinyithi esinyibilikayo ngaphakathi kwityhubhu (oko kukuthi, i-anode). Kubalulekile ukulawula i-electrochemistry ukuthintela ukugquma nge-cathodic kunye nokugcina i-valency echanekileyo ye-ion nganye.
Ngexesha lokusebenzisa i-electropolishing, i-oksijini yenziwa phezu komphezulu we-anode okanye intsimbi engatyiwayo, kwaye i-hydrogen yenziwa phezu komphezulu we-cathode. I-oksijini sisithako esibalulekileyo ekudaleni iipropati ezikhethekileyo zeendawo ezipholishwe nge-electro, zombini ukwandisa ubunzulu bomaleko wokupholishwa kunye nokudala umaleko wokwenyani wokupholishwa.
Ukucoca nge-electropolishing kwenzeka phantsi komaleko obizwa ngokuba yi-"Jacquet", oyi-nickel sulfite eyenziwe nge-polymerized. Nantoni na ephazamisa ukwakheka komaleko we-Jacquet iya kubangela umphezulu opholishiweyo nge-electro. Oku kudla ngokuba yi-ion, efana ne-chloride okanye i-nitrate, ethintela ukwakheka kwe-nickel sulfite. Ezinye izinto eziphazamisayo zii-silicone oils, iigrisi, ii-waxes kunye nezinye ii-hydrocarbons ezinde.
Emva kokupholisha nge-electropolishing, iityhubhu zahlanjwa ngamanzi zaze zafakwa i-nitric acid eshushu. Olu pholisa longezelelweyo luyimfuneko ukususa nayiphi na i-nickel sulfite eseleyo kunye nokuphucula umlinganiselo we-chromium kumphezulu kwisinyithi. Iityhubhu ezifakwe i-passivation ezilandelayo zahlanjwa ngamanzi enkqubo, zafakwa emanzini ashushu afakwe i-ion, zomiswa zaza zapakishwa. Ukuba kufuneka ukupakisha igumbi elicocekileyo, ityhubhu ihlanjwa ngamanzi afakwe i-ion de kufikelelwe kwi-conductivity echaziweyo, emva koko yomiswe nge-nitrogen eshushu ngaphambi kokupakisha.
Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokuhlalutya iindawo ezipholishwe nge-electro yi-Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) kunye ne-X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-chemical analysis electron spectroscopy). I-AES isebenzisa ii-electron ezenziwe kufutshane nomphezulu ukuvelisa isignali ethile yento nganye, enika usasazo lwezinto ngobunzulu. I-XPS isebenzisa ii-X-ray ezithambileyo ezenza ii-spectra ezibophayo, ezivumela iintlobo zeemolekyuli ukuba zahlulwe ngokwemeko ye-oxidation.
Ixabiso loburhabaxa bomphezulu obuneprofayili yomphezulu efana nembonakalo yomphezulu akuthethi ukuba kukho imbonakalo efanayo yomphezulu. Uninzi lwabaprofayili banamhlanje banokuxela amaxabiso amaninzi ahlukeneyo oburhabaxa bomphezulu, kuquka i-Rq (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-RMS), i-Ra, i-Rt (umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-minimum trough kunye ne-maximum peak), i-Rz (ubude obuphakathi bomphezulu womphezulu), kunye namanye amaxabiso amaninzi. La mabinzana afunyenwe ngenxa yokubala okwahlukeneyo kusetyenziswa i-pass enye ejikeleze umphezulu ngepeni yedayimani. Kule bypass, inxalenye ebizwa ngokuba yi-"cutoff" ikhethwa nge-elektroniki kwaye ukubala kusekelwe kule nxalenye.
Imiphezulu ingachazwa ngcono kusetyenziswa indibaniselwano yamaxabiso ahlukeneyo oyilo afana noRa kunye noRt, kodwa akukho msebenzi mnye onokwahlula phakathi kwemiphezulu emibini eyahlukeneyo enexabiso elifanayo leRa. I-ASME ipapasha umgangatho we-ASME B46.1, ochaza intsingiselo yomsebenzi ngamnye wokubala.
Ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya nxibelelana no: John Tverberg, Trent Tube, 2015 Energy Dr., PO Box 77, East Troy, WI 53120. Ucingo: 262-642-8210.