Nkhaniyi ya magawo awiri ikufotokoza mwachidule mfundo zazikulu za nkhaniyi yokhudza kupukuta kwa magetsi ndikuwonetsa mwachidule zomwe Tverberg adapereka ku InterPhex kumapeto kwa mwezi uno. Lero, mu Gawo 1, tikambirana za kufunika kopukuta mapaipi achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, njira zopukuta zamagetsi, ndi njira zowunikira. Mu gawo lachiwiri, tikupereka kafukufuku waposachedwa pa mapaipi achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri osapukutidwa ndi makina.
Gawo 1: Machubu a Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzimbiri Opangidwa ndi Magetsi Makampani opanga mankhwala ndi ma semiconductor amafunikira machubu ambiri achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri opangidwa ndi magetsi. M'magawo onse awiri, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 316L ndiye alloy yomwe imakondedwa kwambiri. Ma alloy achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri okhala ndi 6% molybdenum nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito; ma alloy a C-22 ndi C-276 ndi ofunikira kwa opanga ma semiconductor, makamaka pamene gaseous hydrochloric acid imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chokometsera.
Fotokozani mosavuta zolakwika za pamwamba zomwe zikanabisika mumzere wa zolakwika za pamwamba zomwe zimapezeka muzinthu zofala kwambiri.
Kulephera kwa mankhwala kwa gawo losagwira ntchito kumachitika chifukwa chakuti chromium ndi chitsulo zonse zili mu mkhalidwe wa okosijeni wa 3+, ndipo sizili zitsulo zozungulira. Malo opukutidwa ndi makina adasunga chitsulo chaulere chambiri mufilimuyi ngakhale atagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali ndi nitric acid. Izi zokha zimapatsa malo opukutidwa ndi magetsi mwayi waukulu pankhani yokhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kusiyana kwina kofunikira pakati pa malo awiriwa ndi kupezeka (m'malo opukutidwa ndi makina) kapena kusakhalapo (m'malo opukutidwa ndi magetsi). Malo opukutidwa ndi makinawa amasunga kapangidwe kake ka alloying ndipo zinthu zina zopukutidwa ndi magetsi zimatayika pang'ono, pomwe malo opukutidwa ndi magetsi amakhala ndi chromium ndi chitsulo chokha.
Kupanga mapaipi opukutidwa ndi magetsi Kuti mupeze malo opukutidwa ndi magetsi, muyenera kuyamba ndi malo osalala. Izi zikutanthauza kuti tiyamba ndi chitsulo chapamwamba kwambiri, chopangidwa kuti chigwirizane bwino ndi kusungunula. Kulamulira ndikofunikira pakusungunula sulfure, silicon, manganese ndi zinthu zochotsa poizoni monga aluminiyamu, titaniyamu, calcium, magnesium ndi delta ferrite. Mzerewu uyenera kutenthedwa kuti usungunule magawo ena aliwonse omwe angapangidwe panthawi yosungunuka kapena kupanga panthawi yokonza kutentha kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, mtundu wa mikwingwirima ndiyo yofunika kwambiri. ASTM A-480 imatchula mikwingwirima itatu yozizira yomwe imapezeka m'masitolo: 2D (yophimbidwa ndi mpweya, yothira, ndi yopindika), 2B (yophimbidwa ndi mpweya, yophimbidwa ndi mphuno, ndi yopukutidwa), ndi 2BA (yophimbidwa ndi mphuno yowala). atmosphere).
Kukonza ma profile, kuwotcherera ndi kusintha mikanda kuyenera kuyendetsedwa mosamala kuti papezeke chubu chozungulira kwambiri. Pambuyo popukuta, ngakhale kudula pang'ono kwa weld kapena mzere wosalala wa mkanda kudzawonekera. Kuphatikiza apo, pambuyo popukuta ndi electro, zizindikiro za ma weld ozungulira, ozungulira ndi kuwonongeka kulikonse kwa makina pamwamba pa chinthucho zidzaonekeratu.
Pambuyo pokonza kutentha, m'mimba mwake wa chitolirocho uyenera kupukutidwa ndi makina kuti uchotse zolakwika zomwe zimachitika pamwamba pa chitolirocho. Pa siteji iyi, kusankha kumaliza kwa mizere kumakhala kofunikira kwambiri. Ngati m'mphepete mwake muli mozama kwambiri, zitsulo zambiri ziyenera kuchotsedwa pamwamba pa m'mimba mwake wa mkati mwa chitolirocho kuti pakhale chitoliro chosalala. Ngati kuuma kwake kuli kochepa kapena kulibe, chitsulo chochepa chiyenera kuchotsedwa. Kuuma bwino kwambiri kwamagetsi, komwe nthawi zambiri kumakhala mainchesi 5 kapena kosalala, kumapezeka popukuta machubu mozungulira. Mtundu uwu wa kupukuta umachotsa chitsulo chachikulu pamwamba, nthawi zambiri pamtunda wa mainchesi 0.001, potero umachotsa malire a tirigu, zolakwika pamwamba, ndi zolakwika zomwe zapangidwa. Kupukuta kozungulira kumachotsa zinthu zochepa, kumapanga malo "amtambo", ndipo nthawi zambiri kumapanga Ra (kuuma kwapakati pamwamba) pamtunda wa mainchesi 10-15.
Kupukuta ndi Electropolishing ndi chophimba chozungulira. Yankho la electropolishing limapopedwa pamwamba pa dayamita yamkati mwa chubu pomwe cathode imakokedwa kudzera mu chubu. Chitsulocho chimachotsedwa pamalo okwera kwambiri pamwamba. Njirayi "imayembekezera" kuyika cathode ndi chitsulo chomwe chimasungunuka kuchokera mkati mwa chubu (monga anode). Ndikofunikira kuwongolera electrochemistry kuti mupewe kuphimba ndi cathodic ndikusunga valency yoyenera ya ion iliyonse.
Pakupolisha kwa magetsi, mpweya umapangidwa pamwamba pa anode kapena chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, ndipo hydrogen imapangidwa pamwamba pa cathode. Mpweya ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri popanga mawonekedwe apadera a malo opolisha amagetsi, kuti awonjezere kuya kwa gawo lopoletsa komanso kuti apange gawo lenileni lopoletsa.
Kupolisha kwa electromagnetic kumachitika pansi pa gawo lotchedwa "Jacquet", lomwe ndi polymerized nickel sulfite. Chilichonse chomwe chingasokoneze mapangidwe a gawo la Jacquet chidzapangitsa kuti pamwamba pake pakhale electropolished. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ion, monga chloride kapena nitrate, yomwe imaletsa mapangidwe a nickel sulfite. Zinthu zina zosokoneza ndi mafuta a silicone, mafuta, sera ndi ma hydrocarbon ena atali.
Pambuyo popukuta ndi magetsi, machubuwo anatsukidwa ndi madzi ndipo anawonjezeredwa ndi nitric acid yotentha. Kusunthaku kowonjezera n'kofunika kuti muchotse nickel sulfite yotsala komanso kuti muwongolere kuchuluka kwa chromium ndi chitsulo pamwamba. Machubu otsatira osasunthika anatsukidwa ndi madzi okonzedwa, anaikidwa m'madzi otentha oyeretsedwa, anaumitsa ndi kupakidwa. Ngati pakufunika kuyika m'chipinda choyera, chubucho chimatsukidwanso ndi madzi oyeretsedwa mpaka mphamvu yoyendetserayo itafika, kenako n’kuumitsa ndi nayitrogeni yotentha musanapake.
Njira zodziwika bwino zowunikira malo opukutidwa ndi magetsi ndi Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) ndi X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti chemical analysis electron spectroscopy). AES imagwiritsa ntchito ma elekitironi opangidwa pafupi ndi pamwamba kuti apange chizindikiro china cha chinthu chilichonse, chomwe chimapereka kugawa kwa zinthu mozama. XPS imagwiritsa ntchito ma X-ray ofewa omwe amapanga ma spectra omangirira, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mitundu ya ma molekyulu isiyanitsidwe ndi momwe oxidation imakhalira.
Kuchuluka kwa kuuma pamwamba komwe kuli ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mawonekedwe a pamwamba sikutanthauza mawonekedwe ofanana a pamwamba. Akatswiri ambiri amakono amatha kunena za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kuuma pamwamba, kuphatikizapo Rq (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti RMS), Ra, Rt (kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa trough yocheperako ndi peak yayikulu), Rz (kutalika kwapakati pa mawonekedwe apamwamba), ndi mitundu ina ingapo. Mafotokozedwe awa adapezeka chifukwa cha mawerengedwe osiyanasiyana pogwiritsa ntchito njira imodzi yozungulira pamwamba ndi cholembera cha diamondi. Mu njira iyi yodutsa, gawo lotchedwa "cutoff" limasankhidwa pakompyuta ndipo mawerengedwe amachokera pa gawoli.
Malo amatha kufotokozedwa bwino pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapangidwe monga Ra ndi Rt, koma palibe ntchito imodzi yomwe ingasiyanitse pakati pa malo awiri osiyana omwe ali ndi Ra yofanana. ASME imafalitsa muyezo wa ASME B46.1, womwe umatanthauzira tanthauzo la ntchito iliyonse yowerengera.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri funsani: John Tverberg, Trent Tube, 2015 Energy Dr., PO Box 77, East Troy, WI 53120. Foni: 262-642-8210.