Iyi ngingo igizwe n'ibice bibiri ivuga mu ncamake ingingo z'ingenzi z'ingingo zerekeye amashanyarazi kandi ikareba ibivugwa na Tverberg muri InterPhex mu mpera z'uku kwezi. Uyu munsi, mu gice cya 1, tuzaganira ku kamaro ko gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi ibyuma bitagira umuyonga, tekinoroji ya elegitoronike, nuburyo bwo gusesengura. Mu gice cya kabiri, turerekana ubushakashatsi buheruka kubijyanye na pasiporo yimashini isukuye ibyuma bitagira umuyonga.
Igice cya 1: Umuyoboro wa elegitoroniki wumuyagankuba Inganda zikora imiti n’icyuma gikenera umubare munini w’amashanyarazi adafite ibyuma. Muri ubwo buryo bwombi, 316L ibyuma bitagira umwanda nibyo byatoranijwe. Ibyuma bidafite ibyuma hamwe na 6% molybdenum rimwe na rimwe bikoreshwa; ibinyobwa C-22 na C-276 ni ingenzi kubakora igice cya kabiri, cyane cyane iyo acide hydrochloric aside ikoreshwa nka etchant.
Byoroshye kuranga inenge zubuso ubundi zaba zipfundikijwe mumagambo yubuso budasanzwe buboneka mubikoresho bisanzwe.
Ubudahangarwa bwimiti bwurwego rwa passivating biterwa nuko chromium nicyuma byombi biri muri okiside ya 3+, kandi ntabwo ari ibyuma bya zeru. Ubuso bwakoreshwaga mu buryo bwa tekinike bwagumanye ibintu byinshi bya fer yubusa muri firime na nyuma yigihe kinini cyo gutwarwa nubushyuhe hamwe na aside nitric. Iki kintu cyonyine gitanga amashanyarazi hejuru yinyungu nini mubijyanye nigihe kirekire.
Irindi tandukanyirizo ryingenzi hagati yimiterere yombi ni ukubaho (mumashanyarazi asukuye) cyangwa kubura (mumashanyarazi ya elegitoronike) yibintu bivangavanze. Ubuso bwakoreshwaga mu buryo bwa tekinike bugumana ibice byingenzi bivangavanze hamwe no gutakaza bike mubindi bintu bivanga, mugihe amashanyarazi afite ahanini chromium nicyuma.
Gukora imiyoboro ya electropolised Kugirango ubone ubuso bwiza bwa electropolised, ugomba gutangirana nubuso bworoshye. Ibi bivuze ko dutangirana nicyuma cyiza cyane, cyakozwe muburyo bwiza bwo gusudira. Kugenzura birakenewe mugihe ushonga sulfure, silikoni, manganese hamwe na deoxidizing nka aluminium, titanium, calcium, magnesium na delta ferrite. Igice kigomba gushyukwa kugirango gishongeshe icyiciro cya kabiri gishobora gukorwa mugihe cyo gushonga cyangwa gushirwaho mugihe cyo gutunganya ubushyuhe bwinshi.
Mubyongeyeho, ubwoko bwimirongo irangiza nibyingenzi. ASTM A-480 yerekana urutonde rwibicuruzwa bitatu biboneka byubucuruzi birangira: 2D (umwuka uhujwe, watoranijwe, kandi wuzuye) ikirere). umuzingo).
Guhindura umwirondoro, gusudira no guhindura amasaro bigomba kugenzurwa neza kugirango ubone umuyoboro uzengurutse bishoboka. Nyuma yo gusya, niyo munsi ntoya ya weld cyangwa umurongo uringaniye wamasaro bizagaragara. Mubyongeyeho, nyuma ya electropolishing, ibimenyetso byo kuzunguruka, kuzunguruka byerekana gusudira no kwangirika kwububiko hejuru bizagaragara.
Nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe, umurambararo wimbere wumuyoboro ugomba guhindurwa neza kugirango ukureho ubusembwa bwubuso bwakozwe mugihe cyo gushiraho umurongo n'umuyoboro. Kuri iki cyiciro, guhitamo umurongo kurangiza biba ingorabahizi. Niba igicucu cyimbitse cyane, ibyuma byinshi bigomba kuvanwa hejuru yumurambararo wimbere wigituba kugirango ubone umuyoboro woroshye. Niba ububobere buke cyangwa budahari, hagomba gukurwaho ibyuma bike. Kurangiza amashanyarazi meza, mubisanzwe mubice 5 bya micro-santimetero cyangwa byoroshye, bibonwa na banditudinal band polishing of tubes. Ubu bwoko bwa polishinge bukuraho ibyuma byinshi hejuru yubuso, mubisanzwe muburebure bwa 0.001, bityo bikuraho imipaka yintete, ubusembwa bwubuso, hamwe nudusembwa. Kuzunguruka gusya bikuraho ibintu bike, bigakora ubuso "bwijimye", kandi mubisanzwe bitanga Ra yo hejuru (ugereranije nuburinganire bwuburinganire) murwego rwa 10-15.
Electropolishing Electropolishing nigitambambuga gusa. Umuti wa electropolishingi ushyirwa hejuru ya diametre yimbere yigituba mugihe cathode ikururwa binyuze mumiyoboro. Ibyuma nibyiza gukurwa kumurongo wo hejuru hejuru. Inzira "yizeye" gushimangira cathode hamwe nicyuma gishonga imbere mumiyoboro (ni ukuvuga anode). Ni ngombwa kugenzura amashanyarazi kugirango wirinde gutwika cathodic no gukomeza agaciro keza kuri buri ion.
Mugihe cya electropolishing, ogisijeni ikorwa hejuru ya anode cyangwa ibyuma bitagira umwanda, na hydrogène ikorwa hejuru ya cathode. Oxygene ni ikintu cyingenzi mu gukora ibintu byihariye biranga amashanyarazi, haba mu kongera ubujyakuzimu bwa passivation ndetse no gukora passivation nyayo.
Electropolishing ibera munsi yicyiswe "Jacquet", ni nikel sulfite ya polymerized. Ikintu cyose kibangamira ishingwa rya Jacquet kizavamo ubuso bwa electropolised ifite ubusembwa. Ubusanzwe iyi ni ion, nka chloride cyangwa nitrate, irinda ishingwa rya nikel sulfite. Ibindi bintu bibangamira ni amavuta ya silicone, amavuta, ibishashara hamwe na hydrocarbone ndende.
Nyuma ya electropolishing, imiyoboro yogejwe namazi hanyuma yongerwaho na acide ya nitric ishyushye. Iyi passivation yinyongera irakenewe kugirango ikureho nikel sulfite isigaye no kunoza chromium yubuso bugereranije nicyuma. Imiyoboro ikurikira ya pasivasi yogejwe namazi yatunganijwe, ishyirwa mumazi ashyushye ya deionion, yumye hanyuma arapakira. Niba hakenewe gupakira ibyumba bisukuye, igituba cyongeye kwozwa mumazi ya deioni kugeza igihe cyagenwe kigeze, hanyuma ukumishwa na azote ishyushye mbere yo gupakira.
Uburyo bukunze kugaragara mu gusesengura hejuru y’amashanyarazi ni Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) na X-ray yifoto ya elegitoronike (XPS) (izwi kandi nka analyse ya chimique electron spectroscopy). AES ikoresha electron zakozwe hafi yubuso kugirango zitange ikimenyetso cyihariye kuri buri kintu, gitanga ikwirakwizwa ryibintu bifite ubujyakuzimu. XPS ikoresha X-imirasire yoroheje ikora guhuza ibintu, bigatuma ubwoko bwa molekile butandukana na okiside.
Ubuso bugaragara agaciro hamwe nubuso busa busa nubuso ntibisobanura isura imwe. Abashakashatsi benshi ba kijyambere barashobora kumenyekanisha ibintu byinshi bitandukanye byubuso butandukanye, harimo Rq (izwi kandi nka RMS), Ra, Rt (itandukaniro ntarengwa riri hagati yumutiba muto nimpinga ntarengwa), Rz (impuzandengo yuburebure bwa profili), nizindi ndangagaciro. Iyi mvugo yabonetse nkibisubizo bitandukanye ukoresheje pass imwe izengurutse hejuru hamwe n'ikaramu ya diyama. Muri uku kurengana, igice cyitwa "gukata" cyatoranijwe hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga kandi kubara bishingiye kuri iki gice.
Ubuso bushobora gusobanurwa neza ukoresheje guhuza indangagaciro zitandukanye nka Ra na Rt, ariko ntamikorere numwe ushobora gutandukanya ibice bibiri bitandukanye bifite agaciro kamwe ka Ra. ASME itangaza ASME B46.1 isanzwe, isobanura ibisobanuro bya buri gikorwa cyo kubara.
Ukeneye ibisobanuro birambuye wahamagara: John Tverberg, Trent Tube, 2015 Ingufu Dr., agasanduku k'iposita 77, East Troy, WI 53120. Terefone: 262-642-8210.