Ichi chinyorwa chezvikamu zviviri chinopfupisa pfungwa dzakakosha dzechinyorwa che electropolishing uye inotarisisa mharidzo yaTverberg paInterPhex gare gare mwedzi uno. Nhasi, muChikamu 1, tichakurukura kukosha kwe electropolishing simbi isina pombi, electropolishing matekiniki, uye analytical nzira. Muchikamu chechipiri, tinopa tsvakiridzo yazvino pamusoro pemapombi esimbi akakwenenzverwa akakwenenzverwa.
Chikamu 1: Electropolished Stainless Steel Tubes Maindasitiri emishonga uye semiconductor anoda huwandu hukuru hwemachubhu esimbi emagetsi. Muzviitiko zvese izvi, 316L simbi isina tsvina ndiyo yakasarudzika alloy. Stainless simbi alloys ane 6% molybdenum dzimwe nguva anoshandiswa; alloys C-22 uye C-276 zvakakosha kune vanogadzira semiconductor, kunyanya kana gaseous hydrochloric acid inoshandiswa se etchant.
Ratidza zviri nyore kuremara kwepamusoro kwaizove kwakafukidzwa mune maze yeanomalies yepasi inowanikwa mune zvakajairika zvinhu.
Iyo kemikari inertness yepassivating layer inokonzerwa nekuti zvese chromium nesimbi zviri mu 3+ oxidation state, uye haisi zerovalent simbi. Mechanically polished surfaces yakachengeta yakakwira yesimbi yemahara mufirimu kunyangwe mushure menguva refu yekupisa yekupisa ine nitric acid. Ichi chinhu chega chinopa nzvimbo dze electropolished mukana mukuru maererano nekugadzikana kwenguva refu.
Mumwe mutsauko wakakosha pakati penzvimbo mbiri idzi kuvepo (munzvimbo dzakakwenenzverwa nemuchina) kana kusavapo (munzvimbo dzakashongedzwa nemagetsi) yealloying elements. Mechanically polished surfaces inochengetedza iyo huru alloying kuumbwa nekurasikirwa kushoma kwezvimwe zvinhu zvealloying, nepo electropolished nzvimbo dzine kazhinji chete chromium nesimbi.
Kugadzira mapaipi emagetsi Kuti uwane nzvimbo yakatsetseka yemagetsi, unofanirwa kutanga neyakatsetseka. Izvi zvinoreva kuti tinotanga nesimbi yemhando yepamusoro, inogadzirwa kuti ikwanise kupinza. Kudzora kunodiwa pakunyungudusa sarufa, silicon, manganese uye deoxidizing zvinhu zvakaita sealuminium, titanium, calcium, magnesium uye delta ferrite. Mutsetse unofanirwa kuve wakagadziriswa kupisa kunyungudutsa chero chikamu chechipiri chinogona kuumbwa panguva yekunyunguduka kana kuumbwa panguva yekupisa tembiricha.
Mukuwedzera, rudzi rwekupera kwemutsara ndiyo inonyanya kukosha. ASTM A-480 inodonhedza matatu anowanikwa ekutengesa anotonhora epasi pekupedzisira: 2D (mhepo yakanyungudutswa, yakanyungudutswa, uye yakagonya kukungurutswa), 2B (mhepo yakanyungudutswa, roll yakanyungudutswa, uye roll yakakwenenzverwa), uye 2BA (yakajeka annealed uye nhoo yakakwenenzverwa). atmosphere). rolls).
Profileing, welding uye bead kugadziridzwa kunofanirwa kunyatsodzorwa kuti iwane yakanyanya kutenderera chubhu inogoneka. Mushure mekupenya, kunyange iyo diki yepasi peiyo weld kana mutsara wakatsetseka webhedhi ichaonekwa. Uye zvakare, mushure me electropolishing, zvisaririra zvekukunguruka, kutenderedza mapatani e welds uye chero mechanic kukuvadzwa kwepamusoro kuchave pachena.
Mushure mekupisa kwekupisa, iyo mukati mepombi inofanirwa kuve yakakwenenzverwa kuti ibvise kuremara kwepamusoro kwakaumbwa panguva yekuumbwa kwetambo uye pombi. Panguva ino, sarudzo yekupedzisa mitsetse inova yakakosha. Kana kupeta kwakanyanyisa kudzika, simbi yakawanda inofanira kubviswa kubva pamusoro pemukati wechubhu kuti iwane chubhu yakatsetseka. Kana hukasha husina kudzika kana husipo, simbi shoma inoda kubviswa. Iyo yakanakisa electropolished kupedzisa, kazhinji mu5 micro-inch renji kana yakatsetseka, inowanikwa nekureba bhendi kukwenenzverwa kwemachubhu. Rudzi urwu rwekukwenenzvera runobvisa simbi zhinji kubva pamusoro, kazhinji mu 0.001 inch renji, nekudaro ichibvisa miganhu yezviyo, kusakwana kwepamusoro, uye kuumba hurema. Whirling polishing inobvisa zvinhu zvishoma, inogadzira nzvimbo "yakasviba", uye kazhinji inoburitsa Ra yakakwirira (avhareji yepasi roughness) mu 10-15 microinch renji.
Electropolishing Electropolishing ingori reverse coating. Mushonga we electropolishing unopomba pamusoro pedhayamita yemukati yechubhu ukuwo cathode ichidhonzwa nemuchubhu. Iyo simbi inonyanya kubviswa kubva kumusoro-soro kumusoro. Maitiro "anotarisira" galvanize cathode nesimbi inonyungudika kubva mukati mechubhu (kureva, anode). Izvo zvakakosha kudzora iyo electrochemistry kudzivirira cathodic coating uye kuchengetedza iyo chaiyo valency yeion yega yega.
Munguva ye electropolishing, okisijeni inoumbwa pamusoro peanode kana simbi isina tsvina, uye hydrogen inoumbwa pamusoro pekathode. Okisijeni chinhu chakakosha mukugadzira iyo yakakosha zvimiro zve electropolished nzvimbo, zvese kuwedzera kudzika kweiyo passivation layer uye kugadzira yechokwadi passivation layer.
Electropolishing inoitika pasi peiyo inonzi "Jacquet" layer, iri polymerized nickel sulfite. Chinhu chipi nechipi chinovhiringidza kuumbwa kweJacquet layer ichaita kuti pave nekuremara kwe electropolished surface. Izvi zvinowanzoita ion, yakadai sekloride kana nitrate, iyo inodzivirira kuumbwa kwe nickel sulfite. Zvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisa mafuta esilicone, girizi, wakisi uye mamwe ma hydrocarbons akareba.
Mushure me electropolishing, machubhu akagezwa nemvura uye nekuwedzera kupfuudzwa mune inopisa nitric acid. Iyi yekuwedzera passivation inodiwa kubvisa chero yasara nickel sulfite uye kugadzirisa pamusoro chromium kune iron ratio. Machubhu akatevera akashambidzwa akashambidzwa nemvura inogadzirwa, akaiswa mumvura inopisa yakashongedzwa, yakaomeswa uye yakaiswa mukati. Kana kurongedza kwakachena kwekamuri kuchidikanwa, iyo tubing inogezwa mumvura yakasvibiswa kusvika iyo yakatsanangurwa conductivity yasvika, yozoomeswa nenitrogen inopisa isati yarongedza.
Nzira dzinonyanyozivikanwa dzekuongorora nzvimbo dzemagetsi iAuger electron spectroscopy (AES) uye X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) (inozivikanwawo sechemical analysis electron spectroscopy). AES inoshandisa maerekitironi akagadzirwa pedyo nechepamusoro kuti abudise chiratidzo chechimwe nechimwe chinhu, chinopa kugoverwa kwezvinhu zvine hudzamu. XPS inoshandisa yakapfava X-rays inogadzira inosunga spectra, ichibvumira mamolecular marudzi kuti asiyaniswe neoxidation state.
Ukoshi hwehushasha hwepamusoro hune chimiro chepamusoro chakafanana nechitarisiko chepamusoro hazvirevi kutaridzika kwepamusoro kwakafanana. Mazhinji emazuva ano maprofiles anogona kutaura akawanda akasiyana ehukusha hunhu, kusanganisira Rq (inozivikanwawo seRMS), Ra, Rt (musiyano wakakura pakati pechidyiro uye nepamusoro peak), Rz (avhareji yehurefu hweprofile), uye humwe humwe hunhu. Aya matauriro akawanikwa semhedzisiro yekuverenga kwakasiyana-siyana uchishandisa imwe pass yakatenderedza kumusoro nedhaimani peni. Mune ino bypass, chikamu chinonzi "cutoff" chinosarudzwa nemagetsi uye kuverenga kunoenderana nechikamu ichi.
Nzvimbo dzepamusoro dzinogona kutsanangurwa zvirinani uchishandisa masanganiswa emhando dzakasiyana dzekugadzira senge Ra uye Rt, asi hapana kana basa rimwechete rinogona kusiyanisa pakati penzvimbo mbiri dzakasiyana dzine kukosha kwakafanana kweRa. ASME inoburitsa iyo ASME B46.1 chiyero, inotsanangura zvinorehwa nechero basa rekuverenga.
Kuti uwane mamwe mashoko taura: John Tverberg, Trent Tube, 2015 Energy Dr., PO Box 77, East Troy, WI 53120. Phone: 262-642-8210.