Chinyorwa ichi chine zvikamu zviviri chinopfupikisa pfungwa huru dzechinyorwa pamusoro pekupolisha kwemagetsi uye chinoratidza pachena mharidzo yaTverberg paInterPhex gare gare mwedzi uno. Nhasi, muChikamu 1, tichakurukura kukosha kwekupolisha kwemagetsi mapaipi esimbi isina ngura, matekiniki epolisha emagetsi, uye nzira dzekuongorora. Muchikamu chechipiri, tinopa tsvakiridzo yazvino pamusoro pemapaipi esimbi isina ngura akapolisha asina kupolisha.
Chikamu 1: Machubhu eSimbi Isina Kugadziriswa neElectropolished Maindasitiri emishonga nesemiconductor anoda huwandu hwakawanda hwemachubhu esimbi isina kugadziriswa neelectropolished. Muzviitiko zvese izvi, 316L stainless steel ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa. Dzimwe nguva machubhu esimbi isina kugadzikana ane 6% molybdenum anoshandiswa; machubhu eC-22 neC-276 akakosha kune vagadziri vemachubhu esemiconductor, kunyanya kana gaseous hydrochloric acid ichishandiswa sechinhu chinobvisa tsvina.
Nyora zviri nyore zvikanganiso zvepadenga zvaizova pachena mumutsara wezvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki zviri pamusoro zvinowanikwa muzvinhu zvakajairika.
Kusashanda kwemakemikari kwechikamu chinonyungudutsa kunokonzerwa nekuti chromium nesimbi zviri muchimiro che3+ oxidation, uye hazvisi simbi dzine zerovalent. Nzvimbo dzakapukutwa nemechanical dzakaramba dzine huwandu hwakawanda hwesimbi isina kunyunguduka mufirimu kunyangwe mushure mekupisa kwenguva refu ne nitric acid. Izvi chete zvinoita kuti nzvimbo dzakapukutwa nemagetsi dzive nebhenefiti huru maererano nekugadzikana kwenguva refu.
Mumwe musiyano wakakosha pakati penzvimbo mbiri idzi ndewekuvapo (munzvimbo dzakaporishwa nemechanical) kana kusavapo (munzvimbo dzakaporishwa nemagetsi). Nzvimbo dzakaporishwa nemechanical dzinochengetedza chimiro chikuru che alloying pasina kurasikirwa kushoma kwezvimwe zvinhu zvinoporishwa, nepo nzvimbo dzakaporishwa nemagetsi dzine chromium nesimbi chete.
Kugadzira mapaipi ane electropolished Kuti uwane pamusoro wakatsetseka une electropolished, unofanirwa kutanga nepamusoro wakatsetseka. Izvi zvinoreva kuti tinotanga nesimbi yemhando yepamusoro, yakagadzirwa kuti ikwanise kusveta zvakanaka. Kudzora kunodiwa pakunyungudutsa sarufa, silicon, manganese uye deoxidizing elements dzakadai sealuminium, titanium, calcium, magnesium uye delta ferrite. Mutsetse uyu unofanirwa kupiswa kuti unyungudise chero zvikamu zvechipiri zvinogona kuumbwa panguva yekunyunguduka kwekunyunguduka kana kugadzirwa panguva yekupisa kwakanyanya.
Pamusoro pezvo, rudzi rwekupedzisa kwemutsara ndirwo rwakakosha zvikuru. ASTM A-480 inonyora zvitatu zvinotengeswa zvemhando ye "cold strip surface finishes": 2D (air annealed, pickled, and blunt rolled), 2B (air annealed, roll pickled, and roll polished), uye 2BA (bright annealed and shield polished). atmosphere).
Kugadzirisa mapurofayiri, kukwesha uye kugadzirisa mabead kunofanirwa kudzorwa nokungwarira kuti pave nechubhu yakatenderera zvakanyanya. Mushure mekukwesha, kunyangwe kuchekwa kudiki kweweld kana mutsetse wakatsetseka webead kuchaonekwa. Pamusoro pezvo, mushure mekukwesha nemagetsi, zviratidzo zvekukwesha, kukwesha mapatani uye chero kukuvara kwemuchina pamusoro zvichave pachena.
Mushure mekupisa, dhayamita yemukati mepombi inofanira kukweshwa nemashini kubvisa zvikanganiso pamusoro payo zvakaumbwa panguva yekuumbwa kwechidimbu nepaipi. Panguva ino, kusarudza mutsetse wekupera kunova kwakakosha. Kana jira rakadzika zvakanyanya, simbi yakawanda inofanira kubviswa pamusoro pedhayamita yemukati mepombi kuti pave nechubhu yakatsetseka. Kana roughness iri shoma kana kuti isina, simbi shoma inofanira kubviswa. Electropholish yakanakisisa, inowanzova 5 micro-inch kana yakapfava, inowanikwa nekukweshwa kwebhandi refu kwemachubhu. Rudzi urwu rwekukweshwa runobvisa simbi yakawanda pamusoro, kazhinji iri 0.001 inch, nokudaro ruchibvisa miganhu yezviyo, kusakwana kwepamusoro, uye zvikanganiso zvakaumbwa. Whirling polishing inobvisa zvinhu zvishoma, inogadzira "makore", uye inowanzogadzira Ra yakakwira (average surface roughness) mu10-15 microinch range.
Kugadzira Electropolishing Kugadzira Electropolishing ingori reverse coating. Electropolishing solution inopombwa pamusoro pedhayamita yemukati mechubhu uku cathode ichidhonzwa nepachubhu. Simbi yacho inobviswa panzvimbo dzakakwirira pamusoro. Maitiro acho "anotarisira" galvanize cathode nesimbi inonyunguduka kubva mukati mechubhu (kureva, anode). Zvakakosha kudzora electrochemistry kudzivirira cathodic coating uye kuchengetedza valency chaiyo yeion yega yega.
Panguva yekupolisha nemagetsi, okisijeni inoumbwa pamusoro peanode kana simbi isingatsvi, uye hydrogen inoumbwa pamusoro pe cathode. Okisijeni chinhu chakakosha pakugadzira hunhu hwakakosha hwenzvimbo dzakapolisha nemagetsi, zvese kuwedzera kudzika kwepasi uye kugadzira pasi chaiyo.
Kugadzira electropolishing kunoitika pasi pechinhu chinonzi "Jacquet", icho chiri polymerized nickel sulfite. Chero chipi zvacho chinokanganisa kuumbwa kweJacquet layer chinoguma nechinhu chisina kunaka chinonzi electropolished surface. Izvi zvinowanzova ion, senge chloride kana nitrate, iyo inodzivirira kuumbwa kwenickel sulfite. Zvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisa isilicone oils, greases, waxes uye mamwe ma long chain hydrocarbons.
Mushure mekupukuta nemagetsi, machubhu acho akagezwa nemvura uye akawedzeredzwa ne nitric acid inopisa. Kuwedzeredzwa uku kunodiwa kubvisa chero nickel sulfite yasara uye kuvandudza chiyero che chromium kusvika kusimbi. Machubhu akatevedzana akagezwa nemvura yakagadzirwa, akaiswa mumvura inopisa yakabviswa maion, omiswa uye akaputirwa. Kana kurongedza kwemukamuri kwakachena kuchidikanwa, chubhu yacho inosukurudzwa nemvura yakabviswa maion kusvika yasvika pakufambiswa kwemvura kwakatarwa, yozoomeswa ne nitrogen inopisa isati yaputirwa.
Nzira dzinonyanya kushandiswa pakuongorora nzvimbo dzakagadzirwa nemagetsi ndedzeAuger electron spectroscopy (AES) uye X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) (inozivikanwawo se chemical analysis electron spectroscopy). AES inoshandisa maerekitironi akagadzirwa pedyo nepamusoro kuti agadzire chiratidzo chakati chechinhu chimwe nechimwe, chinopa kugoverwa kwezvinhu zvine hudzamu. XPS inoshandisa maX-ray akapfava anogadzira maspectra anosunga, zvichibvumira kuti mhando dzemamorekuru dzisiyaniswe nemamiriro e oxidation.
Kukosha kwenzvimbo ine chimiro chepamusoro chakafanana nechitarisiko chepamusoro hazvirevi kuti chimiro chepamusoro chakafanana. Vazhinji vemaprofayiri vemazuva ano vanogona kutaura nezvemhando dzakasiyana dzehukuru hwenzvimbo, kusanganisira Rq (inozivikanwawo seRMS), Ra, Rt (musiyano mukuru pakati peminimum trough nepamusoro pepamusoro), Rz (avhareji yehurefu hwenzvimbo), uye mamwe mavalue akati wandei. Mashoko aya akawanikwa nekuda kwekuverenga kwakasiyana-siyana vachishandisa nzira imwe chete yakatenderedza nzvimbo nepeni yedhaimani. Muiyi nzira, chikamu chinonzi "cutoff" chinosarudzwa nemagetsi uye kuverenga kunobva pachikamu ichi.
Nzvimbo dzinogona kutsanangurwa zviri nani uchishandisa musanganiswa wemhando dzakasiyana dzemagadzirirwo dzakadai saRa naRt, asi hapana basa rimwe chete rinogona kusiyanisa nzvimbo mbiri dzakasiyana dzine kukosha kwakafanana kweRa. ASME inoburitsa chiyero cheASME B46.1, icho chinotsanangura zvinoreva basa rega rega rekuverenga.
Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo taura na: John Tverberg, Trent Tube, 2015 Energy Dr., PO Box 77, East Troy, WI 53120. Nhare: 262-642-8210.