Hōʻuluʻulu kēia ʻatikala ʻelua ʻāpana i nā kumu nui o ka ʻatikala e pili ana i ka electropolishing a nānā i ka hōʻike a Tverberg ma InterPhex ma hope o kēia mahina. I kēia lā, ma ka Māhele 1, e kūkākūkā mākou i ka mea nui o ka electropolishing stainless steel pipes, electropolishing technique, a me nā ʻano analytical. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻelua, hōʻike mākou i ka noiʻi hou loa e pili ana i nā paipu kila kuhili ʻole.
Māhele 1: Electropolished Stainless Steel Tubes Pono nā ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau a me semiconductor i ka nui o nā paipu kila kila electropolished. I nā hihia ʻelua, ʻo 316L ke kila kila ka mea i makemake ʻia. Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea kila kila me ka 6% molybdenum i kekahi manawa; he mea nui nā alloys C-22 a me C-276 i nā mea hana semiconductor, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o ka waikawa hydrochloric kinoea ma ke ʻano he etchant.
E hōʻike maʻalahi i nā hemahema o ka ʻili i uhi ʻia i loko o ka maze o nā anomalies ʻili i loaʻa i nā mea maʻamau.
ʻO ka inertness kemika o ka papa passivating ma muli o ka chromium a me ka hao i loko o ke kūlana oxidation 3+, a ʻaʻole nā ​​metala zerovalent. Ua mālama ʻia nā ʻili i kālai ʻia me ka mīkini i ka hao manuahi i loko o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma hope o ka passivation thermal lōʻihi me ka waikawa nitric. ʻO kēia mea wale nō e hāʻawi i nā papa electropolished i mea maikaʻi loa ma ke ʻano o ka paʻa lōʻihi.
ʻO kekahi ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi ma waena o nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua, ʻo ia ka hele ʻana (ma nā ʻili i hoʻoliʻi ʻia me ka mechanically) a i ʻole ka loaʻa ʻole (ma nā papa electropolished) o nā mea hoʻohuihui. Mālama nā ʻili i kālai ʻia me ka mīkini i ka hui hoʻohuihui nui me ka liʻiliʻi o ka nalowale o nā mea hoʻohuihui ʻē aʻe, aʻo nā ʻili electropolished ka hapa nui o ka chromium a me ka hao wale nō.
Ka hana ʻana i nā paipu electropolished No ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi ʻili electropolished maʻemaʻe, pono ʻoe e hoʻomaka me kahi ʻili maʻemaʻe. ʻO ia ke kumu e hoʻomaka ai mākou me ke kila kiʻekiʻe loa, i hana ʻia no ka weldability maikaʻi loa. Pono ka mana i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka sulfur, silicon, manganese a me nā mea deoxidizing e like me ka aluminika, titanium, calcium, magnesium a me delta ferrite. Pono e mālama ʻia ka ʻōpala e hoʻoheheʻe i nā ʻāpana lua i hana ʻia i ka wā e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ai ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a i ʻole i hana ʻia i ka wā o ka hana wela kiʻekiʻe.
Eia kekahi, ʻo ke ʻano o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka stripe ka mea nui loa. Hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻo ASTM A-480 i ʻekolu mea kūʻai aku i hoʻopau ʻia i ka ʻili anu: 2D (ea annealed, pickled, and blunt rolled), 2B (air annealed, roll pickled, and roll polished), a me 2BA (bright annealed and shield polished). lewa). nā ʻōwili).
Pono e mālama pono ʻia ka profileing, welding a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka bead no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka paipu poepoe loa. Ma hope o ka poli ʻana, ʻike ʻia ka ʻoki liʻiliʻi o ka weld a i ʻole ka laina palahalaha o ka bead. Eia kekahi, ma hope o ka electropolishing, e ʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana o ka ʻōwili, nā ʻōnaehana o nā welds a me nā pōʻino mechanical i ka ʻili.
Ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka wela, pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ke anawaena o loko o ka paipu e hoʻopau i nā hemahema o ka ʻili i hana ʻia i ka wā o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka ʻili a me ka paipu. I kēia wā, he mea koʻikoʻi ke koho ʻana i ka hoʻopau ʻana. Inā hohonu loa ka paʻi, pono e hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā metala hou aʻe mai ka ʻili o ke anawaena o loko o ka paipu e loaʻa ai kahi paipu maʻemaʻe. Inā pāpaʻu a ʻaʻole ʻē paha ka ʻākala, pono e wehe ʻia ka metala liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka hoʻopau electropolished maikaʻi loa, maʻamau i ka laulā 5 micro-inches a i ʻole ka maʻalahi, loaʻa iā ia ma ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi ʻana i ka band longitudinal o nā paipu. Hoʻopau kēia ʻano polishing i ka hapa nui o ka metala mai ka ʻili, ma ke ʻano he 0.001 iniha ka laulā, a laila e wehe i nā palena o ka palaoa, nā hemahema o ka ʻili, a me nā hemahema. Wehe ʻia ka mea liʻiliʻi o ka wiliwili ʻana i nā mea, hana i ka ʻili "opua", a hana maʻamau i kahi Ra kiʻekiʻe (ka awelika o ka ʻili o ka ʻili) ma ka laulā 10-15 microinch.
ʻO Electropolishing ʻO ka Electropolishing he uhi hoʻohuli wale nō. Hoʻopili ʻia kahi hopena electropolishing ma luna o ke anawaena o loko o ka paipu i ka wā e huki ʻia ai ka cathode ma o ka paipu. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka wehe ʻana i ka metala mai nā wahi kiʻekiʻe loa ma ka ʻili. "Manaʻolana" ke kaʻina hana e hoʻoulu i ka cathode me ka metala e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia mai loko mai o ka paipu (ʻo ia hoʻi, ka anode). He mea nui e hoʻomalu i ka electrochemistry e pale aku i ka cathodic coating a mālama i ka valency kūpono no kēlā me kēia ion.
I ka wā electropolishing, hana ʻia ka oxygen ma ka ʻili o ka anode a i ʻole ke kila kila, a hoʻokumu ʻia ka hydrogen ma ka ʻili o ka cathode. ʻO ka oxygen kahi mea nui i ka hana ʻana i nā waiwai kūikawā o nā papa electropolished, ʻelua e hoʻonui i ka hohonu o ka papa passivation a me ka hana ʻana i kahi papa passivation maoli.
Hana ʻia ka electropolishing ma lalo o ka papa i kapa ʻia ʻo "Jacquet", ʻo ia ka polymerized nickel sulfite. ʻO kēlā me kēia mea e hoʻopilikia i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka papa Jacquet e hopena i kahi ʻili electropolished kīnā ʻole. ʻO kēia ka mea maʻamau he ion, e like me ka chloride a i ʻole nitrate, ka mea e pale ai i ka hana ʻana o ka nickel sulfite. ʻO nā mea hoʻopilikia ʻē aʻe he ʻaila silicone, nā momona, nā wax a me nā hydrocarbons kaulahao lōʻihi.
Ma hope o ka electropolishing, holoi ʻia nā paipu me ka wai a hoʻohui ʻia i loko o ka wai nitric wela. Pono kēia passivation hou e hoʻoneʻe i ke koena nickel sulfite a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pae chromium i ka hao. Holoi ʻia nā paipu passivated me ka wai kaʻina hana, waiho ʻia i loko o ka wai deionized wela, maloʻo a hoʻopaʻa ʻia. Inā makemake ʻia ka ʻeke o ka lumi maʻemaʻe, holoi ʻia ka paipu me ka wai deionized a hiki i ka conductivity i kuhikuhi ʻia, a laila hoʻomaloʻo ʻia me ka nitrogen wela ma mua o ka hoʻopili ʻana.
ʻO nā ʻano hana maʻamau no ke kālailai ʻana i nā ʻili uila ʻo Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) a me X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) (i ʻike pū ʻia ʻo ia hoʻi he chemical analysis electron spectroscopy). Hoʻohana ʻo AES i nā electrons i hana ʻia ma kahi kokoke i ka ʻili e hana i kahi hōʻailona kikoʻī no kēlā me kēia mea, e hāʻawi ana i ka mahele o nā mea me ka hohonu. Hoʻohana ʻo XPS i nā kukui X palupalu i hana i nā spectra paʻa, e ʻae ana i nā ʻano molekala e ʻike ʻia e ke kūlana oxidation.
ʻAʻole like ke ʻano o ka ʻili o ka ʻili ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka ʻili o ka ʻili. Hiki i ka hapa nui o nā mea hoʻolaha pūnaewele ke hōʻike i nā koina ʻinoʻino like ʻole, me Rq (ʻike pū ʻia ʻo RMS), Ra, Rt (ka ʻokoʻa kiʻekiʻe ma waena o ka pahu liʻiliʻi a me ka kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe), Rz (kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe), a me kekahi mau waiwai ʻē aʻe. Ua loaʻa kēia mau ʻōlelo ma muli o nā helu like ʻole me ka hoʻohana ʻana i hoʻokahi pā a puni ka ʻili me kahi peni daimana. Ma kēia kaʻahele, koho ʻia kahi ʻāpana i kapa ʻia ʻo "cutoff" a hoʻokumu ʻia nā helu ʻana ma kēia ʻāpana.
Hiki ke wehewehe maikaʻi ʻia nā ʻili me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hui o nā waiwai hoʻolālā like ʻole e like me Ra a me Rt, akā ʻaʻohe hana hoʻokahi e hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ma waena o ʻelua mau papa like ʻole me ka waiwai Ra like. Hoʻopuka ʻo ASME i ka maʻamau ASME B46.1, e wehewehe ana i ke ʻano o kēlā me kēia hana helu.
No ka 'ike hou aku e leka uila: John Tverberg, Trent Tube, 2015 Energy Dr., PO Box 77, East Troy, WI 53120. Phone: 262-642-8210.