Hōʻuluʻulu kēia ʻatikala ʻelua ʻāpana i nā kumu nui o ka ʻatikala e pili ana i ka electropolishing a hōʻike mua i ka hōʻike a Tverberg ma InterPhex ma hope o kēia mahina. I kēia lā, ma ka Māhele 1, e kūkākūkā mākou i ke koʻikoʻi o ka electropolishing i nā paipu kila kila, nā ʻenehana electropolishing, a me nā ʻano hana loiloi. Ma ka ʻāpana ʻelua, hōʻike mākou i ka noiʻi hou loa e pili ana i nā paipu kila kila i hoʻopili ʻia me ka mechanically polished.
Māhele 1: Nā Paipu Kila Kila i Hoʻopili ʻia me ka Electropolish Pono nā ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā semiconductor i kahi nui o nā paipu kila kila i hoʻopili ʻia me ka electropolish. I nā hihia ʻelua, ʻo ke kila kila 316L ka mea i makemake ʻia. Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea kila kila me 6% molybdenum i kekahi manawa; he mea nui nā mea kila C-22 a me C-276 i nā mea hana semiconductor, ʻoiai ke hoʻohana ʻia ka waikawa hydrochloric kinoea ma ke ʻano he etchant.
E wehewehe maʻalahi i nā kīnā o ka ʻili i hūnā ʻia i loko o ka pilikia o nā ʻano ʻē o ka ʻili i loaʻa i nā mea maʻamau.
ʻO ke ʻano inertness kemika o ka papa passivating ma muli o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo aia nā chromium a me ka hao i loko o ka mokuʻāina oxidation 3+, a ʻaʻole nā ​​​​metala zerovalent. Ua mālama nā ʻili i hoʻopili ʻia e ka mīkini i kahi nui o ka hao manuahi i loko o ka ʻili ʻoiai ma hope o ka passivation thermal lōʻihi me ka waikawa nitric. ʻO kēia mea wale nō e hāʻawi i nā ʻili electropolish i kahi pono nui ma ke ʻano o ka paʻa lōʻihi.
ʻO kekahi ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi ma waena o nā ʻili ʻelua, ʻo ia ke alo (ma nā ʻili i hoʻopili ʻia e ka mīkini) a i ʻole ka nele (ma nā ʻili i hoʻopili ʻia e ka electropolish) o nā mea hoʻohuihui. Mālama nā ʻili i hoʻopili ʻia e ka mīkini i ka haku mele hoʻohuihui nui me ka liʻiliʻi o ka nalowale ʻana o nā mea hoʻohuihui ʻē aʻe, ʻoiai ʻo nā ʻili i hoʻopili ʻia e ka electropolish he chromium a me ka hao wale nō.
Ke hana ʻana i nā paipu electropolish No ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi ʻili electropolish laumania, pono ʻoe e hoʻomaka me kahi ʻili laumania. ʻO ke ʻano kēia e hoʻomaka mākou me ke kila kiʻekiʻe loa, i hana ʻia no ka weldability maikaʻi loa. Pono ka mana i ka wā e hoʻoheheʻe ai i ka sulfur, silicon, manganese a me nā mea deoxidizing e like me ka alumini, titanium, calcium, magnesium a me delta ferrite. Pono e mālama ʻia ka ʻāpana i ka wela e hoʻoheheʻe i nā pae lua i hana ʻia i ka wā o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka melt a i ʻole i hana ʻia i ka wā o ka hana ʻana i ke ana wela kiʻekiʻe.
Eia kekahi, ʻo ke ʻano o ka hoʻopau ʻana o ke kaha ka mea nui loa. Ua papa inoa ʻo ASTM A-480 i ʻekolu mau hoʻopau ʻili anu i loaʻa i ke kālepa: 2D (air annealed, pickled, a blunt rolled), 2B (air annealed, roll pickled, a roll polished), a me 2BA (bright annealed a shield polished). lewa). nā ʻōwili).
Pono e hoʻomalu pono ʻia ka hoʻopili ʻana, ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā beads e loaʻa ai ka ʻōmole poepoe loa. Ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻana, ʻoiai ka ʻoki liʻiliʻi loa o ka weld a i ʻole kahi laina pālahalaha o ka bead e ʻike ʻia. Eia kekahi, ma hope o ka electropolishing, e ʻike maopopo ʻia nā kaha o ka ʻōwili ʻana, nā ʻano ʻōwili o nā welds a me nā pōʻino mechanical i ka ʻili.
Ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka wela, pono e hoʻopili ʻia ke anawaena o loko o ka paipu me ka mīkini e hoʻopau i nā kīnā o ka ʻili i hana ʻia i ka wā o ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ke kaha a me ka paipu. I kēia pae, lilo ke koho ʻana o ka hoʻopau kaha i mea koʻikoʻi. Inā hohonu loa ka pelu, pono e wehe ʻia ka metala hou aʻe mai ka ʻili o ke anawaena o loko o ka paipu e loaʻa ai kahi paipu laumania. Inā pāpaʻu a ʻaʻohe paha ka ʻoʻoleʻa, pono e wehe ʻia ka metala liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka hoʻopau electropolish maikaʻi loa, ma ka pae 5 micro-inch a i ʻole ka laumania, loaʻa ia ma o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka band longitudinal o nā paipu. Wehe kēia ʻano hoʻopili i ka hapa nui o ka metala mai ka ʻili, ma ka pae 0.001 iniha, no laila e wehe ana i nā palena o ka palaoa, nā hemahema o ka ʻili, a me nā hemahema i hana ʻia. Wehe ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka wili i ka mea liʻiliʻi, hana i kahi ʻili "ao", a hana pinepine i kahi Ra kiʻekiʻe (ʻoʻoleʻa o ka ʻili) ma ka pae 10-15 microinch.
ʻO ka Electropolishing He uhi hoʻohuli wale nō ka Electropolishing. Hoʻopili ʻia kahi hopena electropolishing ma luna o ke anawaena o loko o ka paipu ʻoiai e huki ʻia ana ka cathode ma o ka paipu. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka wehe ʻana i ka metala mai nā wahi kiʻekiʻe loa ma luna o ka ʻili. Manaʻolana ke kaʻina hana e galvanize i ka cathode me ka metala e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia mai loko mai o ka paipu (ʻo ia hoʻi, ka anode). He mea nui e kaohi i ka electrochemistry e pale aku i ka uhi cathodic a e mālama i ka valency kūpono no kēlā me kēia ion.
I ka wā o ka electropolishing, hoʻokumu ʻia ka oxygen ma luna o ka ʻili o ka anode a i ʻole ke kila kila, a hoʻokumu ʻia ka hydrogen ma luna o ka ʻili o ka cathode. ʻO ka oxygen kahi mea nui i ka hana ʻana i nā waiwai kūikawā o nā ʻili electropolish, no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hohonu o ka papa passivation a no ka hana ʻana i kahi papa passivation maoli.
Hana ʻia ka electropolishing ma lalo o ka papa i kapa ʻia ʻo "Jacquet", ʻo ia hoʻi ka nickel sulfite polymerized. ʻO nā mea āpau e hoʻopilikia i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka papa Jacquet e hopena i kahi ʻili electropolish kīnā. ʻO kēia ka mea maʻamau he ion, e like me ka chloride a i ʻole nitrate, ka mea e pale ai i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka nickel sulfite. ʻO nā mea hoʻopilikia ʻē aʻe he mau aila silicone, greases, waxes a me nā hydrocarbons kaulahao lōʻihi ʻē aʻe.
Ma hope o ka electropolishing, ua holoi ʻia nā ʻōmole me ka wai a ua hoʻoheheʻe hou ʻia i loko o ka waikawa nitric wela. Pono kēia passivation hou e wehe i kekahi nickel sulfite i koe a e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ratio chromium i ka hao. Ua holoi ʻia nā ʻōmole passivated ma hope me ka wai hana, waiho ʻia i loko o ka wai deionized wela, hoʻomaloʻo ʻia a hoʻopili ʻia. Inā pono ka ʻōmole lumi maʻemaʻe, holoi hou ʻia ka ʻōmole i loko o ka wai deionized a hiki i ka hiki ʻana i ke conductivity i kuhikuhi ʻia, a laila hoʻomaloʻo ʻia me ka nitrogen wela ma mua o ka ʻōmole.
ʻO nā ʻano hana maʻamau no ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻili electropolish ʻo Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) a me X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) (ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo chemical analysis electron spectroscopy). Hoʻohana ʻo AES i nā electrons i hana ʻia ma kahi kokoke i ka ʻili e hana i kahi hōʻailona kikoʻī no kēlā me kēia element, kahi e hāʻawi ai i kahi hoʻolaha o nā element me ka hohonu. Hoʻohana ʻo XPS i nā kukuna X palupalu e hana i nā spectra nakinaki, e ʻae ana i nā ʻano molekala e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ke kūlana oxidation.
ʻAʻole manaʻo ka waiwai o ka ʻili me kahi ʻano ʻili e like me ke ʻano o ka ʻili i ke ʻano like o ka ʻili. Hiki i ka hapa nui o nā profilers hou ke hōʻike i nā waiwai ʻili like ʻole, me Rq (ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo RMS), Ra, Rt (ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o ka lua liʻiliʻi a me ka piko kiʻekiʻe), Rz (awelika kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻili), a me kekahi mau waiwai ʻē aʻe. Ua loaʻa kēia mau hōʻike ma muli o nā helu like ʻole me ka hoʻohana ʻana i hoʻokahi pass a puni ka ʻili me kahi peni daimana. Ma kēia bypass, ua koho ʻia kahi ʻāpana i kapa ʻia ʻo "cutoff" a ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā helu ma kēia ʻāpana.
Hiki ke wehewehe maikaʻi ʻia nā ʻili me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hui pū ʻana o nā waiwai hoʻolālā like ʻole e like me Ra a me Rt, akā ʻaʻohe hana hoʻokahi e hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ma waena o ʻelua mau ʻili like ʻole me ka waiwai Ra like. Hoʻopuka ʻo ASME i ke kūlana ASME B46.1, ka mea e wehewehe ana i ke ʻano o kēlā me kēia hana helu.
No ka ʻike hou aku e kelepona iā: John Tverberg, Trent Tube, 2015 Energy Dr., PO Box 77, East Troy, WI 53120. Kelepona: 262-642-8210.