AISI 304 chuma cha pua polishing tube
304 chuma cha pua polishing tube:
bomba la coil ya chuma cha pua
coil ya bomba la chuma cha pua
chuma cha pua neli za coil
bomba la coil ya chuma cha pua
wauzaji wa bomba la chuma cha pua
watengenezaji wa bomba la chuma cha pua
coil ya bomba la chuma cha pua
Mali ya Jumla
Aloi 304Lmfululizo wa T-300 chuma cha pua austenitic, ambayo ina kiwango cha chini cha 18% ya chromium na nikeli 8%. Aina ya 304L ina kiwango cha juu cha kaboni ni 0.030. Ni kiwango cha "18/8 cha pua" ambacho hupatikana kwa kawaida katika sufuria na zana za kupikia. Aloi 304L ndio aloi inayotumika zaidi na inayotumika sana katika familia ya chuma cha pua. Inafaa kwa aina mbalimbali za matumizi ya nyumbani na kibiashara, Aloi 304L huonyesha upinzani bora wa kutu na ina urahisi wa juu wa uundaji, uundaji bora. Vyuma vya chuma vya austenitic pia vinachukuliwa kuwa vinavyoweza kuunganishwa zaidi vya vyuma vya juu vya alloy na vinaweza kuunganishwa na michakato yote ya fusion na upinzani wa kulehemu.
Maelezo: UNS S30403
Maombi:
Aloi 304L Chuma cha pua hutumika katika matumizi anuwai ya nyumbani na kibiashara, ikijumuisha:
Vifaa vya usindikaji wa chakula, haswa katika utengenezaji wa bia, usindikaji wa maziwa na utengenezaji wa divai
Mabenchi ya jikoni, sinki, mabwawa, vifaa, na vifaa
Trim ya usanifu na ukingo
Matumizi ya miundo ya magari na anga
Nyenzo za ujenzi katika majengo makubwa
Vyombo vya kemikali, ikiwa ni pamoja na usafiri
Wabadilishaji joto
Nuts, bolts, skrubu, na vifungo vingine katika mazingira ya baharini
Sekta ya kupaka rangi
Skrini zilizofumwa au zilizochochewa kwa ajili ya uchimbaji madini, uchimbaji mawe na uchujaji wa maji
Viwango:
ASTM/ASME: S30403
EURONORM: 1.4303
AFNOR: Z2 CN 18.10
DIN: X2 CrNi 19 11
Upinzani wa kutu:
Ustahimilivu dhidi ya kutu katika mazingira ya vioksidishaji ni matokeo ya chromium ya 18 hadi 19% ambayo aloi 304 zina.
Upinzani wa asidi za kikaboni zenye ukatili wa wastani ni matokeo ya nikeli ya 9 hadi 11% ambayo aloi 304 zina.
Wakati fulani, aloi 304L inaweza kuonyesha kiwango cha chini cha kutu kuliko Aloi ya juu ya kaboni 304; la sivyo, 304, 304L, na 304H inaweza kuchukuliwa kuwa tendaji sawa katika mazingira mengi ya ulikaji.
Aloi 304L inapendekezwa kwa matumizi katika mazingira ambayo husababisha ulikaji wa chembechembe za chembechembe na maeneo yaliyoathiriwa na joto kwenye aloi zinazoshambuliwa.
Upinzani wa joto:
Ustahimilivu mzuri wa oksidi katika huduma ya mara kwa mara hadi 1600°F na katika huduma endelevu hadi 1690°F.
Matumizi ya mara kwa mara ya 304 katika safu ya 800-1580 ° F haipendekezi ikiwa upinzani wa kutu wa maji unaofuata ni muhimu.
Daraja la 304L hustahimili mvua ya kaboni na inaweza kupashwa kwenye safu ya juu ya joto.
Mali ya 304 Aloi
Tabia za kulehemu:
Mali bora ya kulehemu; annealing baada ya kulehemu haihitajiki wakati wa kulehemu sehemu nyembamba. Mazingatio mawili muhimu katika kutengeneza viungio vya kulehemu kwenye vyuma vya pua vya austenitic ni:
uhifadhi wa upinzani wa kutu
kuepuka kupasuka
Usindikaji - Uundaji wa Moto:
Ili kuunda, usawa wa joto hadi 2100 / 2300 °F
Usighushi chini ya 1700 °F
Kughushi kunaweza kupozwa hewa bila hatari ya kupasuka
Usindikaji - Uundaji wa Baridi:
Muundo wake wa hali ya juu huiruhusu kuchorwa kwa kina bila kupenyeza kati, na kuifanya daraja hili kuwa la chaguo la chuma cha pua katika utengenezaji wa sinki, vyombo visivyo na mashimo na sufuria.
Madaraja haya hufanya kazi ngumu haraka. Ili kupunguza mifadhaiko inayozalishwa kwa uundaji mkali au inazunguka, sehemu zinapaswa kupunguzwa kabisa au kupunguza mkazo haraka iwezekanavyo baada ya kuunda.
Uwezo:
Matumizi ya vivunja chip inashauriwa kwa kuwa chips zinaweza kuwa za kamba. Chuma cha pua hufanya kazi kuwa ngumu kwa haraka, milisho mizito chanya, zana zenye ncha kali, na usanidi thabiti unapaswa kutumika. kata chini ya safu ngumu ya kazi inayotokana na pasi zilizopita.
Sifa za Kemikali:
| C | Mn | Si | P | S | Cr | Ni | N | |
| 304L | 0.03 upeo | 2.0 max | Upeo wa juu 0.75 | Upeo wa juu 0.45 | 0.03 upeo | dakika: 18.0 upeo: 20.0 | dakika: 8.0 upeo: 12.0 | 0.10 juu |
Sifa za Mitambo:
| Daraja | Nguvu ya Mkazo ksi (dakika) | Nguvu ya Mazao 0.2% ksi (dakika) | Elongation % | Ugumu (Brinell) MAX | Ugumu (Rockwell B) MAX |
| 304L | 70 | 25 | 40 | 201 | 92 |
Sifa za Kimwili:
| Msongamano lbm/katika3 | Uendeshaji wa joto (BTU/saa ft. °F) | Umeme Upinzani (katika x 10-6) | Moduli ya Unyogovu (psi x 106 | Mgawo wa Upanuzi wa joto (ndani/ndani)/ °F x 10-6 | Joto Maalum (BTU/lb/ °F) | Kuyeyuka Masafa (°F) |
| kwa 68°F: 0.285 | 9.4 kwa 212°F | 28.3 kwa 68°F | 28 | 9.4 kwa 32 - 212°F | 0.1200 kwa 68°F hadi 212°F | 2500 hadi 2590 |
| 12.4 kwa 932 °F | 39.4 kwa 752°F | 10.2 kwa 32 - 1000°F | ||||
| 49.6 saa 1652 °F | 10.4 kwa 32 - 1500°F |
Vipimo:
Bidhaa: bomba la polishing la chuma cha pua
Aina: svetsade au imefumwa
Kawaida:ASTM A554 JIS ,DIN
Daraja:201,202, 304, 304L,316, 316L,409, 430,nk
Ukubwa: Bomba la pande zote: OD 8-219m
Bomba la Mraba: OD 10x10mm -150x150mm
Bomba la Mstatili: 10x20mm hadi 120x180mm
Unene: 0.2-4.0 mm
Uso wa bomba:180G, 320G, 400G, 500G, 600G,Satin, laini ya nywele, 2B,BA, kioo,8K
Urefu wa bomba: 5.8m 6M 11.85M 12m
Maombi:
1.Matumizi ya mapambo (barabara, reli ya daraja, reli, kituo cha basi, uwanja wa ndege na ukumbi wa michezo
2.Ujenzi na pambo
3.Eneo la Viwanda (petroli, chakula, kemikali, karatasi, mbolea, kitambaa, anga na nyuklia.
| Mrija wa Chuma cha Mraba(mm) | Tube ya chuma ya mstatili (mm) | Tube ya chuma ya pande zote (mm) |
| 10×10×0.6~3.0 | 10×20×0.6~3.0 | 6×0.6~1.0 |
| 15×15×0.6~3.0 | 20×30×0.6~3.0 | 12×0.6~1.5 |
| 20×20×0.6~3.0 | 20×40×0.6~3.0 | 13×0.6~1.5 |
| 25×25×0.6~3.0 | 25×50×0.6~3.5 | 16×0.6~2.0 |
| 30×30×0.6~3.5 | 30×50×0.6~3.5 | 19×0.6~3.0 |
| 40×40×0.6~3.5 | 40×60×0.6~3.5 | 20×0.6~3.0 |
| 50×50×0.6~3.5 | 40×80×0.6~3.5 | 22×0.6~3.0 |
| 60×60×0.6~3.5 | 60×80×1.0~6.0 | 25×0.6~3.0 |
| 70×70×0.6~3.5 | 50×100×1.0~6.0 | 27×0.6~3.0 |
| 75×75×0.6~3.5 | 60×120×1.0~6.0 | 32×0.6~3.0 |
| 80×80×1.0~6.0 | 80×120×2.0~8.0 | 40×0.6~3.5 |
| 100×100×2.0~8.0 | 80×160×2.0~8.0 | 38×0.6~3.0 |
| 120×120×2.0~8.0 | 100×150×2.0~8.0 | 48×0.6~3.5 |
| 150×150×2.0~8.0 | 100×200×2.0~8.0 | 60×0.6~3.5 |
| 200×200×4.0~16.0 | 150×250×4.0~12.0 | 76×0.6~3.5 |
| 250×250×4.0~16.0 | 200×300×4.0~16.0 | 89×1.0~6.0 |
| 300×300×4.0~16.0 | 300×400×4.0~16.0 | 104×1.0~6.0 |
| 400×400×4.0~16.0 | 300×500×4.0~16.0 | 114×1.0~6.0 |
Sifa ya kimwili ya bomba la polishing ya chuma cha pua:
| Daraja | Muundo, % | |||||||||
| Kaboni, | Manga- | Phos- | Sulfuri, | Silikoni, | Nickel | Chromium | Molybdenum | Titanium | Columbium + Tantalum | |
| Austenitic | ||||||||||
| 301 | 0.15 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 6.0–8.0 | 16.0–18.0 | … | … | … |
| 302 | 0.15 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 8.0–10.0 | 17.0–19.0 | … | … | … |
| 304 | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 8.0–11.0 | 18.0–20.0 | … | … | … |
| 304L | 0.035A | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 8.0–13.0 | 18.0–20.0 | … | … | … |
| 305 | 0.12 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 10.0–13.0 | 17.0–19.0 | … | … | … |
| 309S | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 12.0–15.0 | 22.0–24.0 | … | … | . . . |
| 309S-Cb | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 12.0–15.0 | 22.0–24.0 | … | … | B |
| 310S | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 19.0–22.0 | 24.0–26.0 | … | … | … |
| 316 | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 10.0–14.0 | 16.0–18.0 | 2.0–3.0 | … | … |
| 316L | 0.035A | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 10.0–15.0 | 16.0–18.0 | 2.0–3.0 | … | … |
| 317 | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 11.0–14.0 | 18.0–20.0 | 3.0–4.0 | … | … |
| 321 | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 9.0–13.0 | 17.0–20.0 | … | C | … |
| 330 | 0.15 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 33.0–36.0 | 14.0–16.0 | … | … | … |
| 347 | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 9.0–13.0 | 17.0–20.0 | … | … | B |
| 429 | 0.12 | 1.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 0.50 juu | 14.0–16.0 | … | … | … |
| 430 | 0.12 | 1.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 0.50 juu | 16.0–18.0 | … | … | … |
| 430-Ti | 0.10 | 1.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | Upeo wa 0.075 | 16.0–19.5 | … | Dakika 5 × C, | … |
| Upeo wa 0.75 | ||||||||||
▼Daraja la nyenzo za chuma cha pua / mirija iliyosongwa:
| Marekani | UJERUMANI | UJERUMANI | UFARANSA | JAPAN | ITALIA | SWEDEN | Uingereza | EU | HISPANIA | URUSI |
| AISI | DIN 17006 | WN 17007 | AFNOR | JIS | UNI | SIS | BSI | EURONORM | ||
| 201 | SUS 201 | |||||||||
| 301 | X 12 CrNi 17 7 | 1.4310 | Z 12 CN 17-07 | SUS 301 | X 12 CrNi 1707 | 23 31 | 301S21 | X 12 CrNi 17 7 | X 12 CrNi 17-07 | |
| 302 | X 5 CrNi 18 7 | 1.4319 | Z 10 CN 18-09 | SUS 302 | X 10 CrNi 1809 | 23 31 | 302S25 | X 10 CrNi 18 9 | X 10 CrNi 18-09 | 12KH18N9 |
| 303 | X 10 CrNiS 18 9 | 1.4305 | Z 10 CNF 18-09 | SUS 303 | X 10 CrNiS 1809 | 23 46 | 303S21 | X 10 CrNiS 18 9 | X 10 CrNiS 18-09 | |
| 303 Se | Z 10 CNF 18-09 | SUS 303 Se | X 10 CrNiS 1809 | 303S41 | X 10 CrNiS 18-09 | 12KH18N10E | ||||
| 304 | X 5 CrNi 18 10 X 5 CrNi 18 12 | 1.4301 1.4303 | Z 6 CN 18-09 | SUS 304 | X 5 CrNi 1810 | 23 32 | 304S15 304S16 | X 6 CrNi 18 10 | X 6 CrNi 19-10 | 08KH18N10 06KH18N11 |
| 304 N | SUS 304N1 | X 5 CrNiN 1810 | ||||||||
| 304 H | SUS F 304H | X 8 CrNi 1910 | X 6 CrNi 19-10 | |||||||
| 304 L | X 2 CrNi 18 11 | 1.4306 | Z 2 CN 18-10 | SUS 304L | X 2 CrNi 1911 | 23 52 | 304S11 | X 3 CrNi 18 10 | X 2 CrNi 19-10 | 03KH18N11 |
| X 2 CrNiN 18 10 | 1.4311 | Z 2 CN 18-10-Az | SUS 304LN | X 2 CrNiN 1811 | 23 71 | |||||
| 305 | Z 8 CN 18-12 | SUS 305 | X 8 CrNi 1812 | 23 33 | 305S19 | X 8 CrNi 18 12 | X 8 CrNi 18-12 | |||
| Z 6 CNU 18-10 | SUS XM7 | X 6 CrNiCu 18 10 4 Kd | ||||||||
| 309 | X 15 CrNiS 20 12 | 1.4828 | Z 15 CN 24-13 | SUH 309 | X 16 CrNi 2314 | 309S24 | X 15 CrNi 23 13 | |||
| 309 S | SUS 309S | X 6 CrNi 2314 | X 6 CrNi 22 13 | |||||||
| 310 | X 12 CrNi 25 21 | 1.4845 | SUH 310 | X 22 CrNi 2520 | 310S24 | 20KH23N18 | ||||
| 310 S | X 12 CrNi 25 20 | 1.4842 | Z 12 CN 25-20 | SUS 310S | X 5 CrNi 2520 | 23 61 | X 6 CrNi 25 20 | 10KH23N18 | ||
| 314 | X 15 CrNiSi 25 20 | 1.4841 | Z 12 CNS 25-20 | X 16 CrNiSi 2520 | X 15 CrNiSi 25 20 | 20KH25N20S2 | ||||
| 316 | X 5 CrNiMo 17 12 2 | 1.4401 | Z 6 CND 17-11 | SUS 316 | X 5 CrNiMo 1712 | 23 47 | 316S31 | X 6 CrNiMo 17 12 2 | X 6 CrNiMo 17-12-03 | |
| 316 | X 5 CrNiMo 17 13 3 | 1.4436 | Z 6 CND 17-12 | SUS 316 | X 5 CrNiMo 1713 | 23 43 | 316S33 | X 6 CrNiMo 17 13 3 | X 6 CrNiMo 17-12-03 | |
| 316 F | X 12 CrNiMoS 18 11 | 1.4427 | ||||||||
| 316 N | SUS 316N | |||||||||
| 316 H | SUS F 316H | X 8 CrNiMo 1712 | X 5 CrNiMo 17-12 | |||||||
| 316 H | X 8 CrNiMo 1713 | X 6 CrNiMo 17-12-03 | ||||||||
| 316 L | X 2 CrNiMo 17 13 2 | 1.4404 | Z 2 CND 17-12 | SUS 316L | X 2 CrNiMo 1712 | 23 48 | 316S11 | X 3 CrNiMo 17 12 2 | X 2 CrNiMo 17-12-03 | 03KH17N14M2 |
| X 2 CrNiMon 17 12 2 | 1.4406 | Z 2 CND 17-12-Az | SUS 316LN | X 2 CrNiMoN 1712 | ||||||
| 316 L | X 2 CrNiMo 18 14 3 | 1.4435 | Z 2 CND 17-13 | X 2 CrNiMo 1713 | 23 53 | 316S13 | X 3 CrNiMo 17 13 3 | X 2 CrNiMo 17-12-03 | 03KH16N15M3 | |
| X 2 CrNiMon 17 13 3 | 1.4429 | Z 2 CND 17-13-Az | X 2 CrNiMoN 1713 | 23 75 | ||||||
| X 6 CrNiMoTi 17 12 2 | 1.4571 | Z6 CNDT 17-12 | X 6 CrNiMoTi 1712 | 23 50 | 320S31 | X 6 CrNiMoTi 17 12 2 | X 6 CrNiMoTi 17-12-03 | 08KH17N13M2T 10KH17N13M2T | ||
| X 10 CrNiMoTi 18 12 | 1.4573 | X 6 CrNiMoTi 1713 | 320S33 | X 6 CrNiMoTI 17 13 3 | X 6 CrNiMoTi 17-12-03 | 08KH17N13M2T 10KH17N13M2T | ||||
| X 6 CrNiMoNb 17 12 2 | 1.4580 | Z 6 CNDNb 17-12 | X 6 CrNiMoNb 1712 | X 6 CrNiMoNb 17 12 2 | 08KH16N13M2B | |||||
| X 10 CrNiMoNb 18 12 | 1.4583 | X 6 CrNiMoNb 1713 | X 6 CrNiMoNb 17 13 3 | 09KH16N15M3B | ||||||
| 317 | SUS 317 | X 5 CrNiMo 1815 | 23 66 | 317S16 | ||||||
| 317 L | X 2 CrNiMo 18 16 4 | 1.4438 | Z 2 CND 19-15 | SUS 317L | X 2 CrNiMo 1815 | 23 67 | 317S12 | X 3 CrNiMo 18 16 4 | ||
| 317 L | X 2 CrNiMo 18 16 4 | 1.4438 | Z 2 CND 19-15 | SUS 317L | X 2 CrNiMo 1816 | 23 67 | 317S12 | X 3 CrNiMo 18 16 4 | ||
| 330 | X 12 NiCrSi 36 16 | 1.4864 | Z 12NCS 35-16 | SUH 330 | ||||||
| 321 | X 6 CrNiTi 18 10 X 12 CrNiTi 18 9 | 1.4541 1.4878 | Z 6 CNT 18-10 | SUS 321 | X 6 CrNiTi 1811 | 23 37 | 321S31 | X 6 CrNiTi 18 10 | X 6 CrNiTi 18-11 | 08KH18N10T |
| 321 H | SUS 321H | X 8 CrNiTi 1811 | 321S20 | X 7 CrNiTi 18-11 | 12KH18N10T | |||||
| 329 | X 8 CrNiMo 27 5 | 1.4460 | SUS 329J1 | 23 24 | ||||||
| 347 | X 6 CrNiNb 18 10 | 1.4550 | Z 6 CNNb 18-10 | SUS 347 | X 6 CrNiNb 1811 | 23 38 | 347S31 | X 6 CrNiNb 18 10 | X 6 CrNiNb 18-11 | 08KH18N12B |
| 347 H | SUS F 347H | X 8 CrNiNb 1811 | X 7 CrNiNb 18-11 | |||||||
| 904L | 1.4939 | Z 12 CNDV 12-02 | ||||||||
| X 20 CrNiSi 25 4 | 1.4821 | |||||||||
| UNS31803 | X 2 CrNiMoN 22 5 | 1.4462 | ||||||||
| UNS32760 | X 3 CrNiMoN 25 7 | 1.4501 | Z 3 CND 25-06Az | |||||||
| 403 | X 6 Kr 13 X 10 Kr 13 X 15 Kr 13 | 1.4000 1.4006 1.4024 | Z 12 C 13 | SUS 403 | X 12 Kr 13 | 23 02 | 403S17 | X 10 Kr 13 X 12 Kr 13 | X 6 Kr 13 | 12Kh13 |
| 405 | X 6 CrAl 13 | 1.4002 | Z 6 CA 13 | SUS 405 | X 6 CrAl 13 | 405S17 | X 6 CrAl 13 | X 6 CrAl 13 | ||
| X 10 CrAl 7 | 1.4713 | Z 8 CA 7 | X 10 CrAl 7 | |||||||
| X 10 CrAl 13 | 1.4724 | X 10 CrAl 12 | 10Kh13SYu | |||||||
| X 10 CrAl 18 | 1.4742 | X 10 CrSiAl 18 | 15Kh18Syu | |||||||
| 409 | X 6 CrTi 12 | 1.4512 | Z 6 CT 12 | SUH 409 | X 6 CrTi 12 | 409S19 | X 5 CrTi 12 | |||
| X 2 CrTi 12 | ||||||||||
| 410 | X 6 Kr 13 X 10 Kr 13 X 15 Kr 13 | 1.4000 1.4006 1.4024 | Z 10 C 13 Z 12 C 13 | SUS 410 | X 12 Kr 13 | 23 02 | 410S21 | X 12 Kr 13 | X 12 Kr 13 | 12Kh13 |
| 410 S | X 6 Kr 13 | 1.4000 | Z 6 C 13 | SUS 410S | X 6 Kr 13 | 23 01 | 403S17 | X 6 Kr 13 | 08Kh13 |
Kiwanda
Faida ya ubora:
Ubora wa bidhaa zetu kwa njia ya udhibiti katika sekta ya mafuta na gesi huhakikishwa sio tu wakati wa mchakato unaodhibitiwa wa utengenezaji lakini pia kwa njia ya majaribio ya kumaliza ya bidhaa. Mitihani ya kawaida ni pamoja na:
1.Vipimo visivyo na uharibifu
2. Vipimo vya Hydrostatic
3.Vidhibiti vya kumaliza uso
4. Vipimo vya usahihi wa dimensional
5.Flare na vipimo vya coning
6. Upimaji wa mali ya mitambo na kemikali
Maombi ya bomba la caillary
1) Sekta ya vifaa vya matibabu
2) udhibiti wa joto wa viwanda unaoongozwa na joto, sensorer zilizotumiwa bomba, thermometer ya tube
3) bomba la msingi la tasnia ya utunzaji wa kalamu
4) antenna ndogo ya tube, aina mbalimbali za antenna ya chuma cha pua ya usahihi
5) Pamoja na aina ya elektroniki ndogo kipenyo chuma cha pua kapilari
6) Punch ya sindano ya kujitia
7) Saa, picha
8) Bomba la antenna ya gari, antena za bar kwa kutumia zilizopo, tube ya antenna
9) Laser engraving vifaa kutumia chuma cha pua tube
10) Vifaa vya uvuvi, vifaa, Yugan nje na milki ya
11) Chakula na capillary ya chuma cha pua
12) kila aina ya stylus ya simu ya mkononi stylus kompyuta
13) Sekta ya bomba la kupokanzwa, tasnia ya mafuta
14) Printers, sindano ya sanduku la kimya
15) Vuta bomba la chuma cha pua lililoyeyushwa mara mbili linalotumika katika kuunganishwa kwa dirisha
16) Aina ya mirija ya chuma cha pua ya aina mbalimbali ya kipenyo kidogo
17) Kusambaza kwa usahihi na sindano za chuma cha pua
18) Maikrofoni, vichwa vya sauti na kipaza sauti kutumia bomba la chuma cha pua, na kadhalika














