Ngongo whakakoi maitai kore waikura AISI 304
Ngongo whakakoi maitai kore waikura 304:
ngongo koiri kowiri tira
koiri ngongo kowiri tira
ngongo koiri kowiri tira
paipa koiri kowiri tira
ngā kaiwhakarato ngongo koiri maitai kore waikura
ngā kaihanga ngongo koiri maitai kore waikura
koiri paipa kowiri tira
Ngā Taonga Whānui
Koranu 304Lhe kowiri tira austenitic raupapa T-300, he iti rawa te 18% chromium me te 8% nickel. Ko te mōrahi waro o te momo 304L he 0.030. Koinei te "kowiri tira 18/8" paerewa e kitea whānuitia ana i roto i ngā paraharaha me ngā taputapu tunu kai. Ko te koranu 304L te koranu tino maha ngā whakamahinga me te whānui o te whakamahinga i roto i te whānau kowiri tira. He pai mō te whānuitanga o ngā tono kāinga me ngā tono arumoni, he tino ātete te Koranu 304L ki te waikura, ā, he tino ngāwari ki te hanga, he tino pai te āhua. E kiia ana hoki ko ngā kowiri tira austenitic te mea tino ngāwari ki te whakarewa o ngā koranu teitei, ā, ka taea te whakarewa mā ngā tukanga whakarewa honohono me te ātete katoa.
Ngā Whakatakotoranga: UNS S30403
Ngā tono:
He whānuitia ngā whakamahinga o te maitai kowiri tira 304L mō ngā mahi kāinga me ngā mahi arumoni, tae atu ki:
Ngā taputapu tukatuka kai, inā koa i roto i te hanga pia, te tukatuka miraka, me te hanga waina
Ngā paepae kīhini, ngā totohu, ngā oko, ngā taputapu me ngā taputapu
Te whakapaipai me te whakakoi whare
Te whakamahinga hanganga o ngā motuka me ngā waka rererangi
Rauemi hanga i roto i ngā whare nunui
Ngā ipu matū, tae atu ki ngā mea hei kawe waka
Ngā whakawhiti wera
Ngā nati, ngā pūtu, ngā tīwiri, me ētahi atu here i roto i te taiao moana
Ahumahi tae
Ngā mata whatu, ngā mata whakarewa rānei mō te keri maina, te keri kōhatu me te tātari wai
Ngā Paerewa:
ASTM/ASME: S30403
EURONORM: 1.4303
AFNOR: Z2 CN 18.10
DIN: X2 CrNi 19 11
Ātete ki te Waikura:
Ko te ātete ki te waikura i roto i ngā taiao waikura te hua o te 18 ki te 19% chromium kei roto i ngā koranu 304.
Ko te ātete ki ngā waikawa waro kaha te hua o te 9 ki te 11% nikara kei roto i ngā koranu 304.
I ētahi wā, ka iti ake te tere waikura o te koranu 304L i te koranu waro 304 teitei ake; ki te kore, ka kiia pea he ōrite te mahi a te 304, 304L, me te 304H i roto i te nuinga o ngā taiao waikura.
Ko te koranu 304L te mea pai mō te whakamahi i roto i ngā taiao he nui te waikura hei whakapūmau i te waikura intergranular o ngā whakarewa me ngā rohe e pāngia ana e te wera i runga i ngā koranu ngāwari.
Ātete Wera:
He ātete pai ki te waikura i roto i te ratonga wā-poto ki te 1600°F me te ratonga tonu ki te 1690°F.
Kāore i te tūtohutia te whakamahi tonu i te 304 i te awhe 800-1580°F mēnā he mea nui te ātete ki te waikura wai i muri mai.
He ātete ake te karaehe 304L ki te maturuturunga warowaiha, ā, ka taea te whakamahana ki roto i te awhe pāmahana i runga ake nei.
Ngā Āhuatanga o te 304 Alloy
Ngā Āhuatanga o te Whakarewa:
He tino pai ngā āhuatanga whakarewa; kāore e hiahiatia te whakamahana i muri i te whakarewatanga ina whakarewahia ngā wāhanga angiangi. E rua ngā mea nui hei whakaaroaro māu i te hanga hononga whakarewa i roto i ngā maitai kore waikura austenitic:
te tiaki i te ātete ki te waikura
te karo i te pakaru
Te Tukatuka – Te Hanga Wera:
Hei hanga, whakamahanahia kia ōrite ki te 2100 / 2300 °F
Kaua e whakarewa i raro i te 1700 °F
Ka taea te whakamatao i te hanga i te hau me te kore e pakaru
Te Tukatuka – Te Hanga Matao:
Nā tōna hanganga austenitic ka taea te kukume hōhonu me te kore e whakamahanahia, ka waiho koinei te kounga kowiri tira pai rawa atu mō te hanga totohu, oko tuwhera me ngā kohua.
Ka tere te whakapakeketanga o ēnei kōeke. Hei whakamama i ngā ahotea e puta mai ana i te hanganga nui, i te hurihuri rānei, me whakamahana katoa ngā wāhanga, me whakamahana rānei i te whakamama i te ahotea i muri tonu i te hanganga.
Te āheinga mīhini:
E taunakihia ana te whakamahi i ngā mea pakaru maramara nā te mea he uaua pea ngā maramara. Me tere te whakapakeke o te maitai kore waikura, me whakamahi i ngā whāngai taumaha, ngā taputapu koi, me te whakatū pakari. Me tapahi i raro i te paparanga whakapakeke-mahi i puta mai i ngā whitinga o mua.
Ngā Āhuatanga Matū:
| C | Mn | Si | P | S | Cr | Ni | N | |
| 304L | 0.03mōrahi | 2.0mōrahi | 0.75mōrahi | 0.45mōrahi | 0.03mōrahi | iti rawa: 18.0 mōrahi: 20.0 | iti rawa: 8.0 mōrahi: 12.0 | 0.10 mōrahi |
Ngā Āhuatanga Ā-ringa:
| Tau | Kaha Kume ksi (min) | Kaha Hua 0.2% ksi (min) | % Toronga | Te pakeketanga (Brinell) MAX | Te pakeketanga (Rockwell B) MAX |
| 304L | 70 | 25 | 40 | 201 | 92 |
Ngā Āhuatanga Ā-tinana:
| Kiato lbm/i roto3 | Te Arahi Wera (BTU/h ft. °F) | Hiko Ātete (i roto i te x 10-6) | Tauwehenga o Te ngāwari (psi x 106 | Tauwehenga o Whakawhanuitanga Wera (i roto/i roto)/ °F x 10-6 | Wera Motuhake (BTU/pauna/ °F) | Te rewa Awhe (°F) |
| i te 68°F: 0.285 | 9.4 i te 212°F | 28.3 i te 68°F | 28 | 9.4 i te 32 – 212°F | 0.1200 i te 68°F ki te 212°F | 2500 ki te 2590 |
| 12.4 i te 932 °F | 39.4 i te 752°F | 10.2 i te 32 – 1000°F | ||||
| 49.6 i te 1652 °F | 10.4 i te 32 – 1500°F |
Whakatakotoranga:
Taonga: paipa whakakoi kowiri tira
Momo: he mea whakarewa, he mea tui rānei
Paerewa: ASTM A554 JIS, DIN
Tau: 201,202, 304, 304L,316, 316L,409, 430, me ētahi atu
Rahi: Paipa porowhita: OD 8-219m
Paipa Tapawhā: OD 10x10mm -150x150mm
Paipa Tapawhā: 10x20mm ki te 120x180mm
Matotoru: 0.2-4.0mm
Mata paipa: 180G, 320G, 400G, 500G, 600G, Satin, raina makawe, 2B, BA, whakaata, 8K
Roa paipa: 5.8m 6M 11.85M 12m
Taupānga:
1. Te whakamahinga whakapaipai (te rori, te punga o te piriti, te reera, te taunga pahi, te taunga rererangi me te whare takaro tinana
2. Te hanga me te whakapaipai
3. Te rohe ahumahi (hinu, kai, matū, pepa, tongi, kakahu, rererangi me te karihi.
| Ngongo Rino Tapawhā (mm) | Ngongo Rino Tapawhā (mm) | Ngongo Rino Porowhita (mm) |
| 10×10×0.6~3.0 | 10×20×0.6~3.0 | 6×0.6~1.0 |
| 15×15×0.6~3.0 | 20×30×0.6~3.0 | 12×0.6~1.5 |
| 20×20×0.6~3.0 | 20×40×0.6~3.0 | 13×0.6~1.5 |
| 25×25×0.6~3.0 | 25×50×0.6~3.5 | 16×0.6~2.0 |
| 30×30×0.6~3.5 | 30×50×0.6~3.5 | 19×0.6~3.0 |
| 40×40×0.6~3.5 | 40×60×0.6~3.5 | 20×0.6~3.0 |
| 50×50×0.6~3.5 | 40×80×0.6~3.5 | 22×0.6~3.0 |
| 60×60×0.6~3.5 | 60×80×1.0~6.0 | 25×0.6~3.0 |
| 70×70×0.6~3.5 | 50×100×1.0~6.0 | 27×0.6~3.0 |
| 75×75×0.6~3.5 | 60×120×1.0~6.0 | 32×0.6~3.0 |
| 80×80×1.0~6.0 | 80×120×2.0~8.0 | 40×0.6~3.5 |
| 100×100×2.0~8.0 | 80×160×2.0~8.0 | 38×0.6~3.0 |
| 120×120×2.0~8.0 | 100×150×2.0~8.0 | 48×0.6~3.5 |
| 150×150×2.0~8.0 | 100×200×2.0~8.0 | 60×0.6~3.5 |
| 200×200×4.0~16.0 | 150×250×4.0~12.0 | 76×0.6~3.5 |
| 250×250×4.0~16.0 | 200×300×4.0~16.0 | 89×1.0~6.0 |
| 300×300×4.0~16.0 | 300×400×4.0~16.0 | 104×1.0~6.0 |
| 400×400×4.0~16.0 | 300×500×4.0~16.0 | 114×1.0~6.0 |
Ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana o te paipa whakakoi maitai kore waikura:
| Tau | Te hanganga, % | |||||||||
| Waro, | Manga | Phos- | te whanariki, | Hiraka, | Nikara | Konupora | Molibdenuma | Taitana | Korumiuma + Tantalum | |
| Austenitic | ||||||||||
| 301 | 0.15 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 6.0–8.0 | 16.0–18.0 | … | … | … |
| 302 | 0.15 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 8.0–10.0 | 17.0–19.0 | … | … | … |
| 304 | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 8.0–11.0 | 18.0–20.0 | … | … | … |
| 304L | 0.035A | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 8.0–13.0 | 18.0–20.0 | … | … | … |
| 305 | 0.12 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 10.0–13.0 | 17.0–19.0 | … | … | … |
| 309S | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 12.0–15.0 | 22.0–24.0 | … | … | ... |
| 309S-Cb | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 12.0–15.0 | 22.0–24.0 | … | … | B |
| 310S | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 19.0–22.0 | 24.0–26.0 | … | … | … |
| 316 | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 10.0–14.0 | 16.0–18.0 | 2.0–3.0 | … | … |
| 316L | 0.035A | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 10.0–15.0 | 16.0–18.0 | 2.0–3.0 | … | … |
| 317 | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 11.0–14.0 | 18.0–20.0 | 3.0–4.0 | … | … |
| 321 | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 9.0–13.0 | 17.0–20.0 | … | C | … |
| 330 | 0.15 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 33.0–36.0 | 14.0–16.0 | … | … | … |
| 347 | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 9.0–13.0 | 17.0–20.0 | … | … | B |
| 429 | 0.12 | 1.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 0.50 mōrahi | 14.0–16.0 | … | … | … |
| 430 | 0.12 | 1.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 0.50 mōrahi | 16.0–18.0 | … | … | … |
| 430-Ti | 0.10 | 1.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 0.075 mōrahi | 16.0–19.5 | … | 5 × C min, | … |
| 0.75 mōrahi | ||||||||||
▼Ngongo kowiri tira/ngongo kowiri tira rauemi kōeke:
| USA | Tiamana | Tiamana | Wīwī | HAPANI | ITĀRIA | HUETĀ | UK | EU | PĀNIA | RŪHIA |
| AISI | DIN 17006 | WN 17007 | AFNOR | JIS | UNI | SIS | BSI | EURONORM | ||
| 201 | SUS 201 | |||||||||
| 301 | X 12 CrNi 17 7 | 1.4310 | Z 12 CN 17-07 | SUS 301 | X 12 CrNi 1707 | 23 31 | 301S21 | X 12 CrNi 17 7 | X 12 CrNi 17-07 | |
| 302 | X 5 CrNi 18 7 | 1.4319 | Z 10 CN 18-09 | SUS 302 | X 10 CrNi 1809 | 23 31 | 302S25 | X 10 CrNi 18 9 | X 10 CrNi 18-09 | 12KH18N9 |
| 303 | X 10 CrNiS 18 9 | 1.4305 | Z 10 CNF 18-09 | SUS 303 | X 10 CrNiS 1809 | 23 46 | 303S21 | X 10 CrNiS 18 9 | X 10 CrNiS 18-09 | |
| 303 Se | Z 10 CNF 18-09 | SUS 303 Se | X 10 CrNiS 1809 | 303S41 | X 10 CrNiS 18-09 | 12KH18N10E | ||||
| 304 | X 5 CrNi 18 10 X 5 CrNi 18 12 | 1.4301 1.4303 | Z 6 CN 18-09 | SUS 304 | X 5 CrNi 1810 | 23 32 | 304S15 304S16 | X 6 CrNi 18 10 | X 6 CrNi 19-10 | 08KH18N10 06KH18N11 |
| 304 N | SUS 304N1 | X 5 CrNiN 1810 | ||||||||
| 304 H | SUS F 304H | X 8 CrNi 1910 | X 6 CrNi 19-10 | |||||||
| 304 rita | X 2 CrNi 18 11 | 1.4306 | Z 2 CN 18-10 | SUS 304L | X 2 CrNi 1911 | 23 52 | 304S11 | X 3 CrNi 18 10 | X 2 CrNi 19-10 | 03KH18N11 |
| X 2 CrNiN 18 10 | 1.4311 | Z 2 CN 18-10-Az | SUS 304LN | X 2 CrNiN 1811 | 23 71 | |||||
| 305 | Z 8 CN 18-12 | SUS 305 | X 8 CrNi 1812 | 23 33 | 305S19 | X 8 CrNi 18 12 | X 8 CrNi 18-12 | |||
| Z 6 CNU 18-10 | SUS XM7 | X 6 CrNiCu 18 10 4 Kd | ||||||||
| 309 | X 15 CrNiS 20 12 | 1.4828 | Z 15 CN 24-13 | SUH 309 | X 16 CrNi 2314 | 309S24 | X 15 CrNi 23 13 | |||
| 309 S | SUS 309S | X 6 CrNi 2314 | X 6 CrNi 22 13 | |||||||
| 310 | X 12 CrNi 25 21 | 1.4845 | SUH 310 | X 22 CrNi 2520 | 310S24 | 20KH23N18 | ||||
| 310 S | X 12 CrNi 25 20 | 1.4842 | Z 12 CN 25-20 | SUS 310S | X 5 CrNi 2520 | 23 61 | X 6 CrNi 25 20 | 10KH23N18 | ||
| 314 | X 15 CrNiSi 25 20 | 1.4841 | Z 12 CNS 25-20 | X 16 CrNiSi 2520 | X 15 CrNiSi 25 20 | 20KH25N20S2 | ||||
| 316 | X 5 CrNiMo 17 12 2 | 1.4401 | Z 6 CND 17-11 | SUS 316 | X 5 CrNiMo 1712 | 23 47 | 316S31 | X 6 CrNiMo 17 12 2 | X 6 CrNiMo 17-12-03 | |
| 316 | X 5 CrNiMo 17 13 3 | 1.4436 | Z 6 CND 17-12 | SUS 316 | X 5 CrNiMo 1713 | 23 43 | 316S33 | X 6 CrNiMo 17 13 3 | X 6 CrNiMo 17-12-03 | |
| 316 F | X 12 CrNiMoS 18 11 | 1.4427 | ||||||||
| 316 N | SUS 316N | |||||||||
| 316 H | SUS F 316H | X 8 CrNiMo 1712 | X 5 CrNiMo 17-12 | |||||||
| 316 H | X 8 CrNiMo 1713 | X 6 CrNiMo 17-12-03 | ||||||||
| 316 rita | X 2 CrNiMo 17 13 2 | 1.4404 | Z 2 CND 17-12 | SUS 316L | X 2 CrNiMo 1712 | 23 48 | 316S11 | X 3 CrNiMo 17 12 2 | X 2 CrNiMo 17-12-03 | 03KH17N14M2 |
| X 2 CrNiMoN 17 12 2 | 1.4406 | Z 2 CND 17-12-Az | SUS 316LN | X 2 CrNiMoN 1712 | ||||||
| 316 rita | X 2 CrNiMo 18 14 3 | 1.4435 | Z 2 CND 17-13 | X 2 CrNiMo 1713 | 23 53 | 316S13 | X 3 CrNiMo 17 13 3 | X 2 CrNiMo 17-12-03 | 03KH16N15M3 | |
| X 2 CrNiMoN 17 13 3 | 1.4429 | Z 2 CND 17-13-Az | X 2 CrNiMoN 1713 | 23 75 | ||||||
| X 6 CrNiMoTi 17 12 2 | 1.4571 | Z6 CNDT 17-12 | X 6 CrNiMoTi 1712 | 23 50 | 320S31 | X 6 CrNiMoTi 17 12 2 | X 6 CrNiMoTi 17-12-03 | 08KH17N13M2T 10KH17N13M2T | ||
| X 10 CrNiMoTi 18 12 | 1.4573 | X 6 CrNiMoTi 1713 | 320S33 | X 6 CrNiMoTI 17 13 3 | X 6 CrNiMoTi 17-12-03 | 08KH17N13M2T 10KH17N13M2T | ||||
| X 6 CrNiMoNb 17 12 2 | 1.4580 | Z 6 CNDNb 17-12 | X 6 CrNiMoNb 1712 | X 6 CrNiMoNb 17 12 2 | 08KH16N13M2B | |||||
| X 10 CrNiMoNb 18 12 | 1.4583 | X 6 CrNiMoNb 1713 | X 6 CrNiMoNb 17 13 3 | 09KH16N15M3B | ||||||
| 317 | SUS 317 | X 5 CrNiMo 1815 | 23 66 | 317S16 | ||||||
| 317 rita | X 2 CrNiMo 18 16 4 | 1.4438 | Z 2 CND 19-15 | SUS 317L | X 2 CrNiMo 1815 | 23 67 | 317S12 | X 3 CrNiMo 18 16 4 | ||
| 317 rita | X 2 CrNiMo 18 16 4 | 1.4438 | Z 2 CND 19-15 | SUS 317L | X 2 CrNiMo 1816 | 23 67 | 317S12 | X 3 CrNiMo 18 16 4 | ||
| 330 | X 12 NiCrSi 36 16 | 1.4864 | Z 12NCS 35-16 | SUH 330 | ||||||
| 321 | X 6 CrNiTi 18 10 X 12 CrNiTi 18 9 | 1.4541 1.4878 | Z 6 CNT 18-10 | SUS 321 | X 6 CrNiTi 1811 | 23 37 | 321S31 | X 6 CrNiTi 18 10 | X 6 CrNiTi 18-11 | 08KH18N10T |
| 321 H | SUS 321H | X 8 CrNiTi 1811 | 321S20 | X 7 CrNiTi 18-11 | 12KH18N10T | |||||
| 329 | X 8 CrNiMo 27 5 | 1.4460 | SUS 329J1 | 23 24 | ||||||
| 347 | X 6 CrNiNb 18 10 | 1.4550 | Z 6 CNNb 18-10 | SUS 347 | X 6 CrNiNb 1811 | 23 38 | 347S31 | X 6 CrNiNb 18 10 | X 6 CrNiNb 18-11 | 08KH18N12B |
| 347 H | SUS F 347H | X 8 CrNiNb 1811 | X 7 CrNiNb 18-11 | |||||||
| 904L | 1.4939 | Z 12 CNDV 12-02 | ||||||||
| X 20 CrNiSi 25 4 | 1.4821 | |||||||||
| UNS31803 | X 2 CrNiMoN 22 5 | 1.4462 | ||||||||
| UNS32760 | X 3 CrNiMoN 25 7 | 1.4501 | Z 3 CND 25-06Az | |||||||
| 403 | X 6 Kr 13 X 10 Cr 13 X 15 Cr 13 | 1.4000 1.4006 1.4024 | Z 12 C 13 | SUS 403 | X 12 Kr 13 | 23 02 | 403S17 | X 10 Cr 13 X 12 Kr 13 | X 6 Kr 13 | 12Kh13 |
| 405 | X 6 CrAl 13 | 1.4002 | Z 6 CA 13 | SUS 405 | X 6 CrAl 13 | 405S17 | X 6 CrAl 13 | X 6 CrAl 13 | ||
| X 10 CrAl 7 | 1.4713 | Z 8 CA 7 | X 10 CrAl 7 | |||||||
| X 10 CrAl 13 | 1.4724 | X 10 CrAl 12 | 10Kh13SYu | |||||||
| X 10 CrAl 18 | 1.4742 | X 10 CrSiAl 18 | 15Kh18SYu | |||||||
| 409 | X 6 CrTi 12 | 1.4512 | Z 6 CT 12 | SUH 409 | X 6 CrTi 12 | 409S19 | X 5 CrTi 12 | |||
| X 2 CrTi 12 | ||||||||||
| 410 | X 6 Kr 13 X 10 Cr 13 X 15 Cr 13 | 1.4000 1.4006 1.4024 | Z 10 C 13 Z 12 C 13 | SUS 410 | X 12 Kr 13 | 23 02 | 410S21 | X 12 Kr 13 | X 12 Kr 13 | 12Kh13 |
| 410 S | X 6 Kr 13 | 1.4000 | Z 6 C 13 | SUS 410S | X 6 Kr 13 | 23 01 | 403S17 | X 6 Kr 13 | 08Kh13 |
Wheketere
Painga kounga:
Ehara i te mea ko te tukanga hanga whakahaere anake te mea e whakamanahia ana te kounga o ā mātou hua mō te raina whakahaere i roto i te rāngai hinu me te hau, engari mā te whakamātautau hua kua oti hoki. Ko ngā whakamātautau noa ko:
1. Ngā whakamātautau kore-whakangaro
2. Ngā whakamātautau waipū
3. Ngā mana whakahaere whakaoti mata
4. Ngā inenga tika o ngā āhuatanga
5. Ngā whakamātautau mura me te koni
6. Whakamātautau āhuatanga ā-mīhini me te matū
Ngongo ngongo tono
1) Ahumahi taputapu hauora
2) te whakahaere pāmahana ahumahi e arahina ana e te pāmahana, ngā pūoko e whakamahia ana te paipa, te inemahana ngongo
3) Ngongo matua o te ahumahi tiaki pene
4) pūihi ngongo-iti, ngā momo pūihi maitai kore waikura iti
5) Me te whānuitanga o ngā momo hiko iti-diameter Stainless steel capillary
6) Poka ngira whakapaipai
7) Ngā wati, pikitia
8) Ngongo pūihi waka, ngā pūihi pae e whakamahi ana i ngā ngongo, ngongo pūihi
9) Ngā taputapu whakairo taiaho hei whakamahi i te ngongo maitai kore waikura
10) Ngā taputapu hī ika, ngā mea tāpiri, te Yugan i waho me te pupuri i
11) Kai me te taura maitai kore waikura
12) ngā momo pene waea pūkoro katoa me te pene rorohiko
13) Ahumahi paipa whakamahana, ahumahi hinu
14) Ngā pūreretā, te ngira pouaka wahangu
15) Tōia he ngongo maitai kore waikura rua-rewa e whakamahia ana i roto i te hononga matapihi
16) He momo ngongo maitai kore waikura tōtika ā-ahumahi iti
17) Te tohatoha tika me ngā ngira kowiri tira
18) Hopuoro, pane taringa me te hopuoro hei whakamahi i te ngongo kowiri tira, me ētahi atu














