AISI 304 ígwè anaghị agba nchara polishing tube
304 ígwè anaghị agba nchara polishing tube:
igwe anaghị agba nchara eriri igwe tube
igwe anaghị agba nchara tube eriri igwe
ọkpọkọ eriri igwe anaghị agba nchara
igwe anaghị agba nchara eriri igwe anwụrụ
ndị na-enye igwe anaghị agba nchara eriri igwe tube
Ndị na-emepụta tube igwe anaghị agba nchara
igwe anaghị agba nchara ọkpọkọ ọkpọkọ
Njirimara Izugbe
Alloy 304LAustenitic ígwè anaghị agba nchara nke usoro T-300, nke nwere opekempe 18% chromium na 8% nickel. Ụdị 304L nwere oke carbon kachasị bụ 0.030. Ọ bụ "anaghị agba nchara 18/8" a na-ahụkarị na ite na ngwaọrụ esi nri. Alloys 304L bụ alloy kachasị mma ma ejiri mee ihe n'ezinụlọ ígwè anaghị agba nchara. Ọ dị mma maka ọtụtụ ngwa ụlọ na azụmaahịa, Alloys 304L na-egosipụta ezigbo nguzogide nchara ma nwee ịdị mfe imepụta ya, ọ dịkwa mma nke ukwuu. A na-ewerekwa ígwè anaghị agba nchara austenitic dị ka nke kachasị mma n'ime ígwè alloy dị elu ma enwere ike ịgbado ya site na usoro njikọ na iguzogide niile.
Nkọwapụta: UNS S30403
Ngwa:
A na-eji Alloy 304L Igwe anaghị agba nchara eme ọtụtụ ngwa ụlọ na azụmaahịa, gụnyere:
Ngwa nhazi nri, ọkachasị n'ịme biya, nhazi mmiri ara ehi, na ime mmanya vaịn
Oche kichin, sink, trowers, akụrụngwa, na ngwa ndị ọzọ
Ihe owuwu ụlọ na ịkpụzi ihe
Ojiji nke ụgbọ ala na nke ikuku
Ihe owuwu n'ụlọ ndị buru ibu
Akpa kemịkalụ, gụnyere maka ibuga
Ihe ndị na-agbanwe okpomọkụ
Mkpụrụ, bolts, skru, na ihe ndị ọzọ e ji ejide ihe n'akụkụ mmiri
Ụlọ ọrụ ịcha agba
Ihe mkpuchi a kpara ma ọ bụ nke a kpara maka igwu ala, igwu olulu na nzacha mmiri
Ụkpụrụ:
ASTM/ASME: S30403
EURONORM: 1.4303
AFNOR: Z2 CN 18.10
DIN: X2 CrNi 19 11
Nguzogide Nrụrụ:
Nguzogide ire ere n'ebe ndị na-eme ka ihe ghara ịdị ọcha bụ nsonaazụ nke chromium 18 ruo 19% nke alloys 304 nwere.
Nguzogide megide asịd organic siri ike nke ọma bụ n'ihi nickel 9 ruo 11% nke alloys 304 nwere.
Mgbe ụfọdụ, alloy 304L nwere ike igosi obere ọnụego nchara karịa carbon Alloy 304 dị elu; ma ọ bụghị ya, a pụrụ ịtụle 304, 304L, na 304H ka ha na-arụ ọrụ n'otu aka ahụ n'ọtụtụ ebe na-emebi emebi.
A na-ahọrọ Alloy 304L maka ojiji na gburugburu ebe ruru unyi nke na-akpata nchara dị n'etiti granular nke welds na mpaghara ndị metụtara okpomọkụ na alloys ndị nwere ike ibute nsogbu.
Nguzogide Okpomọkụ:
Ezigbo iguzogide oxidation n'ọrụ oge ụfọdụ ruo 1600°F ma na-arụ ọrụ mgbe niile ruo 1690°F.
A naghị atụ aro ka e jiri 304 na-aga n'ihu n'ogo 800-1580°F ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa ka e jiri mmiri na-eguzogide nchara.
Ọkwa 304L na-eguzogide mmiri ozuzo carbide karịa ma enwere ike ikpo ọkụ ya ruo oke okpomọkụ dị n'elu.
Njirimara nke 304 Alloy
Njirimara ịgbado ọkụ:
Njirimara ịgbado ọkụ dị mma; a dịghị achọ ịgbado ọkụ mgbe a na-agbado ọkụ mgbe a na-agbado ọkụ. Ihe abụọ dị mkpa a ga-atụle n'imepụta njikọ ịgbado ọkụ na ígwè anaghị agba nchara austenitic bụ:
nchekwa nke iguzogide nchara
izere mgbawa
Nhazi - Ịkpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ:
Iji mepụta ya, kpoo okpomọkụ ahụ ruo 2100 / 2300 ° F otu nhata
Ejila ọkụ gbazee n'okpuru 1700°F
Enwere ike iji ikuku jụọ oyi maka ịkpụ ihe n'enweghị ihe egwu nke ịgbawa.
Nhazi - Ịmepụta Oyi:
Ọdịdị ya dị ike na-eme ka ọ dị omimi nke ukwuu n'enweghị ihe mgbochi etiti, nke na-eme ka ígwè anaghị agba nchara bụrụ nke a na-ahọrọ n'ịmepụta sink, ihe ndị dị n'ime oghere na ite.
Ọkwa ndị a na-esi ike ngwa ngwa. Iji belata nrụgide ndị a na-enweta n'ụdị siri ike ma ọ bụ na-agbagharị, a ga-eme ka akụkụ ahụ dị nro ma ọ bụ belata nrụgide ozugbo enwere ike mgbe ha kpụchara.
Nhazi:
A na-atụ aro ka e jiri ihe mgbawa mgbawa n'ihi na ibe ndị ahụ nwere ike ịdị nkọ. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ ígwè anaghị agba nchara ngwa ngwa, a ga-eji ihe ndị dị arọ, ngwaọrụ dị nkọ, na ntọala siri ike bee ha n'okpuru oyi akwa siri ike nke sitere na ngafe gara aga.
Njirimara Kemịkalụ:
| C | Mn | Si | P | S | Cr | Ni | N | |
| 304L | 0.03max | 2.0max | 0.75max | 0.45max | 0.03max | Nkeji: 18.0 kachasị: 20.0 | Nkeji: 8.0 kachasị: 12.0 | 0.10 kachasị |
Njirimara Mechanical:
| Ọkwa | Ike nrụgide ksi (nkeji) | Ike Mmepụta 0.2% ksi (nkeji) | Ogologo % | Ike siri ike (Brinell) MAX | Ike siri ike (Rockwell B) MAX |
| 304L | 70 | 25 | 40 | 201 | 92 |
Njirimara Anụ Ahụ:
| Njupụta lbm/n'ime3 | Ọgbakọ okpomọkụ (BTU/h ft. °F) | Ọkụ eletriki Nguzogide (na x 10-6) | Modulu nke Elasticity (psi x 106 | Ọnụọgụ nke Mgbasawanye nke okpomọkụ (n'ime/n'ime)/ °F x 10-6 | Okpomọkụ Pụrụ Iche (BTU/lb/ °F) | Agbaze Oke (°F) |
| na 68°F: 0.285 | 9.4 na 212°F | 28.3 na 68°F | 28 | 9.4 na 32 – 212°F | 0.1200 na 68°F ruo 212°F | 2500 ruo 2590 |
| 12.4 na 932°F | 39.4 na 752°F | 10.2 na 32 – 1000°F | ||||
| 49.6 na 1652°F | 10.4 na 32 – 1500°F |
Nkọwapụta:
Ihe: Paịpụ polishing igwe anaghị agba nchara
Ụdị: welded ma ọ bụ enweghị nkebi
Ọkọlọtọ: ASTM A554 JIS, DIN
Ọkwa: 201, 202, 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 409, 430, wdg.
Nha:Paịpụ gburugburu: OD 8-219m
Paịpụ Akụkụ: OD 10x10mm -150x150mm
Paịpụ akụkụ anọ: 10x20mm ruo 120x180mm
Ọkpụrụkpụ: 0.2-4.0mm
Elu paịpụ:180G, 320G, 400G, 500G, 600G, Satin, eriri ntutu isi, 2B, BA, enyo, 8K
Ogologo paịpụ: 5.8m 6M 11.85M 12m
Ngwa:
1. Ojiji ịchọ mma (okporo ụzọ, aka akwa mmiri, ihe mgbochi, nkwụsị bọs, ọdụ ụgbọelu na mgbatị ahụ
2. Nhazi na ịchọ mma
3. Mpaghara ụlọ ọrụ (mmanụ ala, nri, kemịkalụ, akwụkwọ, fatịlaịza, ákwà, ụgbọelu na nuklia).
| Tube ígwè square (mm) | Akụkụ anọ Steel Tube (mm) | Tube ígwè gbara gburugburu (mm) |
| 10 × 10 × 0.6 ~ 3.0 | 10 × 20 × 0.6 ~ 3.0 | 6 × 0.6 ~ 1.0 |
| 15 × 15 × 0.6 ~ 3.0 | 20 × 30 × 0.6 ~ 3.0 | 12 × 0.6 ~ 1.5 |
| 20 × 20 × 0.6 ~ 3.0 | 20 × 40 × 0.6 ~ 3.0 | 13 × 0.6 ~ 1.5 |
| 25 × 25 × 0.6 ~ 3.0 | 25 × 50 × 0.6 ~ 3.5 | 16 × 0.6 ~ 2.0 |
| 30 × 30 × 0.6 ~ 3.5 | 30 × 50 × 0.6 ~ 3.5 | 19 × 0.6 ~ 3.0 |
| 40×40×0.6~3.5 | 40 × 60 × 0.6 ~ 3.5 | 20 × 0.6 ~ 3.0 |
| 50 × 50 × 0.6 ~ 3.5 | 40×80×0.6~3.5 | 22 × 0.6 ~ 3.0 |
| 60×60×0.6~3.5 | 60×80×1.0~6.0 | 25 × 0.6 ~ 3.0 |
| 70×70×0.6~3.5 | 50 × 100 × 1.0 ~ 6.0 | 27 × 0.6 ~ 3.0 |
| 75×75×0.6~3.5 | 60×120×1.0~6.0 | 32 × 0.6 ~ 3.0 |
| 80×80×1.0~6.0 | 80 × 120 × 2.0 ~ 8.0 | 40 × 0.6 ~ 3.5 |
| 100 × 100 × 2.0 ~ 8.0 | 80 × 160 × 2.0 ~ 8.0 | 38 × 0.6 ~ 3.0 |
| 120 × 120 × 2.0 ~ 8.0 | 100 × 150 × 2.0 ~ 8.0 | 48×0.6~3.5 |
| 150 × 150 × 2.0 ~ 8.0 | 100 × 200 × 2.0 ~ 8.0 | 60 × 0.6 ~ 3.5 |
| 200 × 200 × 4.0 ~ 16.0 | 150 × 250 × 4.0 ~ 12.0 | 76 × 0.6 ~ 3.5 |
| 250 × 250 × 4.0 ~ 16.0 | 200 × 300 × 4.0 ~ 16.0 | 89 × 1.0 ~ 6.0 |
| 300 × 300 × 4.0 ~ 16.0 | 300 × 400 × 4.0 ~ 16.0 | 104 × 1.0 ~ 6.0 |
| 400×400×4.0~16.0 | 300 × 500 × 4.0 ~ 16.0 | 114 × 1.0 ~ 6.0 |
Njirimara anụ ahụ nke ọkpọkọ polishing ígwè anaghị agba nchara:
| Ọkwa | Ihe mejupụtara ya, % | |||||||||
| Kabọn, | Manga- | Phos- | sọlfọ, | Silikọn, | Nickel | Chromium | Molybdenum | Titanium | Columbium + Tantalum | |
| Austenitik | ||||||||||
| 301 | 0.15 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 6.0–8.0 | 16.0–18.0 | … | … | … |
| 302 | 0.15 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 8.0–10.0 | 17.0–19.0 | … | … | … |
| 304 | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 8.0–11.0 | 18.0–20.0 | … | … | … |
| 304L | 0.035A | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 8.0–13.0 | 18.0–20.0 | … | … | … |
| 305 | 0.12 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 10.0–13.0 | 17.0–19.0 | … | … | … |
| 309S | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 12.0–15.0 | 22.0–24.0 | … | … | ... |
| 309S-Cb | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 12.0–15.0 | 22.0–24.0 | … | … | B |
| 310S | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 19.0–22.0 | 24.0–26.0 | … | … | … |
| 316 | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 10.0–14.0 | 16.0–18.0 | 2.0–3.0 | … | … |
| 316L | 0.035A | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 10.0–15.0 | 16.0–18.0 | 2.0–3.0 | … | … |
| 317 | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 11.0–14.0 | 18.0–20.0 | 3.0–4.0 | … | … |
| 321 | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 9.0–13.0 | 17.0–20.0 | … | C | … |
| 330 | 0.15 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 33.0–36.0 | 14.0–16.0 | … | … | … |
| 347 | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 9.0–13.0 | 17.0–20.0 | … | … | B |
| 429 | 0.12 | 1.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 0.50 kachasị | 14.0–16.0 | … | … | … |
| 430 | 0.12 | 1.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 0.50 kachasị | 16.0–18.0 | … | … | … |
| 430-Ti | 0.10 | 1.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 0.075 kachasị | 16.0–19.5 | … | 5 × C nkeji, | … |
| 0.75 kachasị | ||||||||||
▼Ọkwa ihe eji eme tube igwe anaghị agba nchara/tube a kpụkọrọ akpụkọ:
| Amerịka | JAMENỊ | JAMENỊ | FRANSỊ | JAPAN | ỊTALỊ | SWIDEN | UK | EU | SPAIN | RỌSHỊA |
| AISI | DIN 17006 | WN 17007 | AFNOR | JIS | UNI | SIS | BSI | EURONORM | ||
| 201 | SUS 201 | |||||||||
| 301 | X 12 CrNi 17 7 | 1.4310 | Z 12 CN 17-07 | SUS 301 | X 12 CrNi 1707 | 23 31 | 301S21 | X 12 CrNi 17 7 | X 12 CrNi 17-07 | |
| 302 | X 5 CrNi 18 7 | 1.4319 | Z 10 CN 18-09 | SUS 302 | X 10 CrNi 1809 | 23 31 | 302S25 | X 10 CrNi 18 9 | X 10 CrNi 18-09 | 12KH18N9 |
| 303 | X 10 CrNiS 18 9 | 1.4305 | Z 10 CNF 18-09 | SUS 303 | X 10 CrNiS 1809 | 23 46 | 303S21 | X 10 CrNiS 18 9 | X 10 CrNiS 18-09 | |
| 303 Se | Z 10 CNF 18-09 | SUS 303 Se | X 10 CrNiS 1809 | 303S41 | X 10 CrNiS 18-09 | 12KH18N10E | ||||
| 304 | X 5 CrNi 18 10 X 5 CrNi 18 12 | 1.4301 1.4303 | Z 6 CN 18-09 | SUS 304 | X 5 CrNi 1810 | 23 32 | 304S15 304S16 | X 6 CrNi 18 10 | X 6 CrNi 19-10 | 08KH18N10 06KH18N11 |
| 304 N | SUS 304N1 | X 5 CrNiN 1810 | ||||||||
| 304 H | SUS F 304H | X 8 CrNi 1910 | X 6 CrNi 19-10 | |||||||
| 304 L | X 2 CrNi 18 11 | 1.4306 | Z 2 CN 18-10 | SUS 304L | X 2 CrNi 1911 | 23 52 | 304S11 | X 3 CrNi 18 10 | X 2 CrNi 19-10 | 03KH18N11 |
| X 2 CrNiN 18 10 | 1.4311 | Z 2 CN 18-10-Az | SUS 304LN | X 2 CrNiN 1811 | 23 71 | |||||
| 305 | Z 8 CN 18-12 | SUS 305 | X 8 CrNi 1812 | 23 33 | 305S19 | X 8 CrNi 18 12 | X 8 CrNi 18-12 | |||
| Z 6 CNU 18-10 | SUS XM7 | X 6 CrNiCu 18 10 4 Kd | ||||||||
| 309 | X 15 CrNiS 20 12 | 1.4828 | Z 15 CN 24-13 | SUH 309 | X 16 CrNi 2314 | 309S24 | X 15 CrNi 23 13 | |||
| 309 S | SUS 309S | X 6 CrNi 2314 | X 6 CrNi 22 13 | |||||||
| 310 | X 12 CrNi 25 21 | 1.4845 | SUH 310 | X 22 CrNi 2520 | 310S24 | 20KH23N18 | ||||
| 310 S | X 12 CrNi 25 20 | 1.4842 | Z 12 CN 25-20 | SUS 310S | X 5 CrNi 2520 | 23 61 | X 6 CrNi 25 20 | 10KH23N18 | ||
| 314 | X 15 CrNiSi 25 20 | 1.4841 | Z 12 CNS 25-20 | X 16 CrNiSi 2520 | X 15 CrNiSi 25 20 | 20KH25N20S2 | ||||
| 316 | X 5 CrNiMo 17 12 2 | 1.4401 | Z 6 CND 17-11 | SUS 316 | X 5 CrNiMo 1712 | 23 47 | 316S31 | X 6 CrNiMo 17 12 2 | X 6 CrNiMo 17-12-03 | |
| 316 | X 5 CrNiMo 17 13 3 | 1.4436 | Z 6 CND 17-12 | SUS 316 | X 5 CrNiMo 1713 | 23 43 | 316S33 | X 6 CrNiMo 17 13 3 | X 6 CrNiMo 17-12-03 | |
| 316 F | X 12 CrNiMoS 18 11 | 1.4427 | ||||||||
| 316 N | SUS 316N | |||||||||
| 316 H | SUS F 316H | X 8 CrNiMo 1712 | X 5 CrNiMo 17-12 | |||||||
| 316 H | X 8 CrNiMo 1713 | X 6 CrNiMo 17-12-03 | ||||||||
| 316 L | X 2 CrNiMo 17 13 2 | 1.4404 | Z 2 CND 17-12 | SUS 316L | X 2 CrNiMo 1712 | 23 48 | 316S11 | X 3 CrNiMo 17 12 2 | X 2 CrNiMo 17-12-03 | 03KH17N14M2 |
| X 2 CrNiMoN 17 12 2 | 1.4406 | Z 2 CND 17-12-Az | SUS 316LN | X 2 CrNiMoN 1712 | ||||||
| 316 L | X 2 CrNiMo 18 14 3 | 1.4435 | Z 2 CND 17-13 | X 2 CrNiMo 1713 | 23 53 | 316S13 | X 3 CrNiMo 17 13 3 | X 2 CrNiMo 17-12-03 | 03KH16N15M3 | |
| X 2 CrNiMoN 17 13 3 | 1.4429 | Z 2 CND 17-13-Az | X 2 CrNiMoN 1713 | 23 75 | ||||||
| X 6 CrNiMoTi 17 12 2 | 1.4571 | Z6 CNDT 17-12 | X 6 CrNiMoTi 1712 | 23 50 | 320S31 | X 6 CrNiMoTi 17 12 2 | X 6 CrNiMoTi 17-12-03 | 08KH17N13M2T 10KH17N13M2T | ||
| X 10 CrNiMoTi 18 12 | 1.4573 | X 6 CrNiMoTi 1713 | 320S33 | X 6 CrNiMoTI 17 13 3 | X 6 CrNiMoTi 17-12-03 | 08KH17N13M2T 10KH17N13M2T | ||||
| X 6 CrNiMoNb 17 12 2 | 1.4580 | Z 6 CNDNb 17-12 | X 6 CrNiMoNb 1712 | X 6 CrNiMoNb 17 12 2 | 08KH16N13M2B | |||||
| X 10 CrNiMoNb 18 12 | 1.4583 | X 6 CrNiMoNb 1713 | X 6 CrNiMoNb 17 13 3 | 09KH16N15M3B | ||||||
| 317 | SUS 317 | X 5 CrNiMo 1815 | 23 66 | 317S16 | ||||||
| 317 L | X 2 CrNiMo 18 16 4 | 1.4438 | Z 2 CND 19-15 | SUS 317L | X 2 CrNiMo 1815 | 23 67 | 317S12 | X 3 CrNiMo 18 16 4 | ||
| 317 L | X 2 CrNiMo 18 16 4 | 1.4438 | Z 2 CND 19-15 | SUS 317L | X 2 CrNiMo 1816 | 23 67 | 317S12 | X 3 CrNiMo 18 16 4 | ||
| 330 | X 12 NiCrSi 36 16 | 1.4864 | Z 12NCS 35-16 | SUH 330 | ||||||
| 321 | X 6 CrNiTi 18 10 X 12 CrNiTi 18 9 | 1.4541 1.4878 | Z 6 CNT 18-10 | SUS 321 | X 6 CrNiTi 1811 | 23 37 | 321S31 | X 6 CrNiTi 18 10 | X 6 CrNiTi 18-11 | 08KH18N10T |
| 321 H | SUS 321H | X 8 CrNiTi 1811 | 321S20 | X 7 CrNiTi 18-11 | 12KH18N10T | |||||
| 329 | X 8 CrNiMo 27 5 | 1.4460 | SUS 329J1 | 23 24 | ||||||
| 347 | X 6 CrNiNb 18 10 | 1.4550 | Z 6 CNNb 18-10 | SUS 347 | X 6 CrNiNb 1811 | 23 38 | 347S31 | X 6 CrNiNb 18 10 | X 6 CrNiNb 18-11 | 08KH18N12B |
| 347 H | SUS F 347H | X 8 CrNiNb 1811 | X 7 CrNiNb 18-11 | |||||||
| 904L | 1.4939 | Z 12 CNDV 12-02 | ||||||||
| X 20 CrNiSi 25 4 | 1.4821 | |||||||||
| UNS31803 | X 2 CrNiMoN 22 5 | 1.4462 | ||||||||
| UNS32760 | X 3 CrNiMoN 25 7 | 1.4501 | Z 3 CND 25-06Az | |||||||
| 403 | X 6 Cr 13 X 10 Cr 13 X 15 Cr 13 | 1,4000 1.4006 1.4024 | Z 12 C 13 | SUS 403 | X 12 Cr 13 | 23 02 | 403S17 | X 10 Cr 13 X 12 Cr 13 | X 6 Cr 13 | 12Kh13 |
| 405 | X 6 CrAl 13 | 1.4002 | Z 6 CA 13 | SUS 405 | X 6 CrAl 13 | 405S17 | X 6 CrAl 13 | X 6 CrAl 13 | ||
| X 10 CrAl 7 | 1.4713 | Z 8 CA 7 | X 10 CrAl 7 | |||||||
| X 10 CrAl 13 | 1.4724 | X 10 CrAl 12 | 10Kh13SYu | |||||||
| X 10 CrAl 18 | 1.4742 | X 10 CrSiAl 18 | 15Kh18SYu | |||||||
| 409 | X 6 CrTi 12 | 1.4512 | Z 6 CT 12 | SUH 409 | X 6 CrTi 12 | 409S19 | X 5 CrTi 12 | |||
| X 2 CrTi 12 | ||||||||||
| 410 | X 6 Cr 13 X 10 Cr 13 X 15 Cr 13 | 1,4000 1.4006 1.4024 | Z 10 C 13 Z 12 C 13 | SUS 410 | X 12 Cr 13 | 23 02 | 410S21 | X 12 Cr 13 | X 12 Cr 13 | 12Kh13 |
| 410 S | X 6 Cr 13 | 1,4000 | Z 6 C 13 | SUS 410S | X 6 Cr 13 | 23 01 | 403S17 | X 6 Cr 13 | 08Kh13 |
Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe
Uru dị mma:
A na-emesi obi ike na ngwaahịa anyị maka akara njikwa na ngalaba mmanụ na gas abụghị naanị n'oge usoro nrụpụta a na-achịkwa kamakwa site na nnwale ngwaahịa emechara. Nnwale ndị a na-ahụkarị gụnyere:
1. Nnwale ndị na-anaghị emebi emebi
2. Nnwale Hydrostatic
3. Njikwa imecha elu
4. Nha nha ziri ezi
5. Nnwale ọkụ na coning
6. Nnwale ihe onwunwe igwe na kemịkalụ
Ngwa caillary tube
1) Ụlọ ọrụ ngwaọrụ ahụike
2) njikwa okpomọkụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na-eduzi okpomọkụ, ihe mmetụta ejiri paịpụ, temometa tube
3) Mkpịsị ugodi nlekọta ụlọ ọrụ isi tube
4) antenna micro-tube, ụdị dị iche iche nke obere antenna igwe anaghị agba nchara
5) Nwere ọtụtụ obere dayameta eletrọniki, ígwè anaghị agba nchara
6) Ntuchi agịga ọla
7) Elekere, foto
8) Tube antenna ụgbọ ala, antenna mmanya site na iji tubes, antenna tube
9) Ngwa ihe osise laser iji tube igwe anaghị agba nchara
10) Ngwa ịkụ azụ, ihe eji achọ mma, Yugan na-enweta ya
11) Nri nwere capillary ígwè anaghị agba nchara
12) ụdị mkpịsị ekwentị mkpanaaka na mkpịsị kọmputa niile
13) Ụlọ ọrụ paịpụ ọkụ, ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ
14) Ndị na-ebi akwụkwọ, agịga igbe dị jụụ
15) Dọpụta ọkpọkọ ígwè anaghị agbaze agbaze okpukpu abụọ nke ejiri na windo jikọtara ọnụ
16) Ụdị ọkpọkọ ígwè anaghị agba nchara dị iche iche nke obere dayameta ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe
17) Ịnye ihe n'ụzọ ziri ezi site na agịga ígwè anaghị agba nchara
18) Igwe okwu, ekweisi na igwe okwu iji tube igwe anaghị agba nchara, na ihe ndị ọzọ














