Ilayisi. 1. Indlela Yokuhlola Ukukhiqiza I-Weld Yensimbi Engagqwali: Ukuhlanganiswa Kwe-Matrix Ephindwe Kabili Kumodi Ye-TRL.

Amakhodi, amazinga ajwayelekile, kanye nezindlela ziye zashintsha ukuze kuvunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic okunezigaba (i-PAUT) esikhundleni se-RT ukuhlola ama-weld e-austenitic. Kwaqala ukusetshenziswa kabanzi ezitshalweni zamandla enuzi cishe eminyakeni eyi-15 eyedlule, ukusetshenziswa kwama-sensor sensor ahlanganisiwe amabili (2D) sekusabalele ku-oyili negesi kanye neminye imboni lapho kudingeka ukuhlolwa okusheshayo, okuthembekile nokuphephile kwama-weld e-austenitic attenuation aphezulu.
Amadivayisi e-array aphathekayo akamuva anesofthiwe enamandla eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ekuvumela ukuthi usethe, usakaze futhi uhumushe ama-array scan e-2D matrix ngaphandle kokungenisa amafayela omthetho wokugxila adalwe ngama-calculator angaphandle noma izinhlelo zokulawula kude kusetshenziswa isofthiwe yesofthiwe ethuthukisiwe ye-PC.
Namuhla, ubuchwepheshe bokuhlola obusekelwe kuma-transducer e-2D array bunikeza amakhono aphakeme okuthola amaphutha e-girth kanye ne-axial ku-stainless steel kanye nama-metal welds ahlukene. Ukucushwa kwe-2D dual matrix ejwayelekile kungamboza ngempumelelo ivolumu yokuhlola yama-stainless steel welds futhi kungathola amaphutha ayisicaba kanye namakhulu.
Izinqubo zokuhlola i-ultrasound zivame ukuhilela ama-array amabili ama-matrices anezinhlangothi ezimbili abekwe ezingxenyeni ezikwazi ukushintshwa ezimise okwe-wedge okunama-contour afana nobubanzi bangaphandle bengxenye ecatshangelwayo. Sebenzisa amaza aphansi - 1.5 MHz kuma-weld ensimbi angafani kanye nezinye izinto zokunciphisa ukuncishiswa, 2 MHz kuya ku-3.5 MHz kuma-substrates ensimbi engagqwali ahlanganiswe ngendlela efanayo kanye nama-weld.
Ukucushwa kwe-T/R okubili (ukudlulisa/ukwamukela) kunikeza izinzuzo ezilandelayo: akukho "indawo efile" eseduze, ukususa "ama-phantom echoes" abangelwa ukubonakaliswa kwangaphakathi ku-wedge, kanye nokuzwela okungcono kanye nesilinganiso sesignali kuya kumsindo (isignali/umsindo wesilinganiso). isibalo somsindo) ) ngenxa yokuhlangana kwemisebe ye-T ne-R.
Ake sibheke indlela ye-PA UT yokulawula ukwenziwa kwezinsimbi zensimbi engagqwali ze-austenitic.
Uma kwenziwa ukulawula kokukhiqiza, esikhundleni se-RT, ukulawula kufanele kumboze ivolumu ye-weld kanye nobukhulu bodonga lonke lwendawo ethintekile ukushisa. Ezimweni eziningi, isivalo se-solder sizoba khona. Kuma-weld ensimbi yekhabhoni, kunconywa ukusebenzisa amagagasi e-shear ukuze kuboniswe ivolumu elawulwayo kuzo zombili izinhlangothi, kuyilapho igagasi lokugcina livame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthola ukubonakaliswa okucacile okuvela kumaphutha ku-bevel ye-weld.
Kumaza aphansi, indlela efanayo ye-shear wave ingasetshenziswa ukuhlola i-proximal bevel yama-stainless steel welds, kodwa ayithembekile ekuhlolweni ngezinto zokushisela ze-austenitic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuma-CRA welds abizwa ngokuthi ama-CRA welds, kukhona i-alloy coating engagqwali engqimbeni yangaphakathi yepayipi lensimbi yekhabhoni, futhi ingxenye yokugcina ye-wire jumper ye-cross beam ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngempumelelo.
Ake sibheke izindlela zokuthola isampula sisebenzisa ithuluzi nesofthiwe ye-UT ephathekayo, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1.
Ama-transducer e-2D array amabili akhiqiza imisebe ye-P-wave refracted engu-30 kuya ku-85 degrees engasetshenziswa ukumboza ivolumu egcwele. Ukuze kube nobukhulu bodonga obusukela ku-15 kuya ku-50 mm, amaza asukela ku-1.5 kuya ku-2.25 MHz abhekwa njengafanelekile, kuye ngokuthi i-substrate incishisiwe.
Ngokwenza ngcono i-wedge angle kanye nokucushwa kwezinto ze-array probe, uhla olubanzi lwe-refractive angle scans lungakhiqizwa ngempumelelo ngaphandle kwama-side lobes ahlobene (Isithombe 2). Unyawo lwe-wedge node endizeni ye-incidence luyancishiswa, okuvumela iphuzu lokuphuma kwe-beam ukuthi libekwe eduze kwe-weld ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ukusebenza kwe-2.25 MHz ejwayelekile engu-10 x 3 dual array array kumodi ye-TRL kuhlolwe ku-25 mm ubukhulu bodonga obuyi-304 stainless steel plate weld. Amasampula okuhlola ayenomumo ojwayelekile we-V kanye nesimo sobuso "esihlanganisiwe" futhi aqukethe amaphutha e-weld angempela futhi abhalwe kahle ahambisana ne-weld.
Ilayisi. 3. Idatha ye-array ehlanganisiwe enezigaba ze-array ejwayelekile engu-2.25 MHz engu-10 x 3 Dual Array (TRL) ku-weld yepuleti lensimbi engagqwali engu-304.
Ku-Fig. 3 kukhombisa izithombe zedatha ye-PAR ehlanganisiwe yawo wonke ama-engeli okuxebuka (kusukela ku-30° kuya ku-85° LW) kulo lonke ubude be-weld. Ukutholwa kwedatha kwenziwe ezingeni eliphansi lokuzuza ukuze kugwenywe ukugcwala kwamaphutha abonakalisa kakhulu. Ukulungiswa kwedatha okungu-16-bit kuvumela izilungiselelo ezifanele zokuzuza okuthambile zezinhlobo ezahlukene zamaphutha. Ukuchazwa kwedatha kungenziwa lula ngokubeka kahle i-projection shutter.
Isithombe sesici esisodwa esidalwe kusetshenziswa isethi yedatha efanayo ehlanganisiwe siboniswe kuMfanekiso 4. Hlola umphumela:
Uma ungafuni ukususa ipulaki ngaphambi kokuhlola, enye indlela yokuhlola ingasetshenziswa ukuthola imifantu ye-axial (transverse) kuma-weld epayipi: i-probe eyodwa ye-array array ingasetshenziswa kwimodi ye-pulse echo "ukutshekisa" ipulaki ye-weld. Umsindo uvela ngaphansi Njengoba umsindo usakazeka kakhulu ku-substrate, amagagasi e-shear angathola ngokuthembekile amaphutha ohlangothini oluseduze lwe-weld.
Okungcono kakhulu, ama-weld kufanele ahlolwe ngezindlela ezine ze-beam (Isithombe 5) futhi adinga ukuthi ama-wedge amabili alinganayo ahlolwe ngezindlela eziphambene, ngokwewashi nangokuphambene newashi. Kuye ngokuvama nosayizi wezinto ngazinye ze-array, i-wedge assembly ingalungiswa ukuze kutholakale ama-engeli okugqama kusuka ku-40° kuya ku-65° maqondana nesiqondiso se-scan axis. Imisebe engaphezu kuka-50 iwela kuseli ngayinye yokusesha. Ithuluzi le-US PA eliyinkimbinkimbi eline-calculator eyakhelwe ngaphakathi lingabhekana kalula nencazelo yamasethi emithetho yokugxila enezimo ezihlukene, njengoba kuboniswe ku-Figure 6.
Ngokuvamile, kusetshenziswa uchungechunge lwemigqa emibili lokuhlola ukuze kuhlanganiswe ngokugcwele inani lokuhlola. Izikhundla ze-axial zemigqa emibili yokuskena zinqunywa kusukela ekujikeni kwepayipi kanye nobubanzi besihloko sokuskena. Umugqa wokuqala wokuskena usondela ngangokunokwenzeka emaphethelweni okuskena, wembula amaphutha atholakala empandeni yokuskena, kanti umugqa wesibili wokuskena uqedela ukumbozwa kwe-HAZ. Indawo eyisisekelo ye-probe node izolungiswa ukuze iphuzu lokuphuma kwe-beam lisondele ngangokunokwenzeka ozwaneni lomqhele ngaphandle kokubonakaliswa kwangaphakathi okuphawulekayo ku-wedge.
Le ndlela yokuhlola itholakale isebenza kahle kakhulu ekutholeni amaphutha e-axial angaqondiswanga kahle. Ku-Fig. 7 kukhombisa isithombe se-phased array esithathwe ku-axial crack ku-weld yensimbi engagqwali: amaphutha atholakale kuma-engeli ahlukahlukene okuthambekela futhi i-SNR ephezulu ingabonakala.
Umfanekiso 7: Idatha ye-array ehlanganisiwe yezigaba zokuqhekeka kwe-axial ekushiseni kwensimbi engagqwali (ama-engeli ahlukahlukene e-SW kanye nokuthambekela): ukuvela okuvamile (kwesobunxele) kanye nokuvela kwe-polar (kwesokudla).
Izinzuzo ze-PA UT ethuthukisiwe njengenye indlela esikhundleni se-radiography ziyaqhubeka nokuthola ukunakwa embonini kawoyela negesi, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla, ukukhiqiza kanye neminye imboni ethembele ekuhlolweni okuthembekile kwama-weld e-austenitic. Ngokufanayo, amathuluzi e-PA UT ahlanganiswe ngokugcwele, i-firmware enamandla kanye nama-probe e-2D array ayaqhubeka nokwenza lokhu kuhlolwa kube ngcono futhi kube ngcono.
UGuy Maes ungumqondisi wezokuthengisa we-Zetec we-UT. Uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-25 yesipiliyoni ekuthuthukisweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwezindlela ze-ultrasound ezithuthukisiwe, ukuhlolwa kwamakhono kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe, shayela ku-(425) 974-2700 noma vakashela ku-www.zetec.com.
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