Irayisi. 1. Indlela yoVavanyo lokwenziwa kweWeld yeNtsimbi engaGciniyo: Ukuhlanganiswa kweMatrix ephindwe kabini kwiMowudi yeTRL.

Iikhowudi, ii-stanadards, kunye neendlela ziye zavela ukuze kuvumeleke ukusetyenziswa kovavanyo lwe-ultrasonic olunezigaba (PAUT) endaweni ye-RT ukuvavanya ii-austenitic welds. Kwaqala ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwizityalo zamandla enyukliya phantse kwiminyaka eli-15 eyadlulayo, ukusetyenziswa kwee-sensor assemblies ezimbini (2D) ze-array kuye kwasasazeka kwi-oyile negesi nakwamanye amashishini apho kufuneka uvavanyo olukhawulezileyo, oluthembekileyo nolukhuselekileyo lwee-austenitic welds eziphantsi kakhulu.
Izixhobo zamva nje ze-array eziphathwayo ezinezigaba zixhotyiswe ngesoftware enamandla eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ekuvumela ukuba usete, usasaze kwaye utolike ii-2D matrix array scans ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo ngaphandle kokungenisa iifayile zomthetho wokugxila ezenziwe ngee-calculator zangaphandle okanye iinkqubo zolawulo olukude kusetyenziswa isoftware ephucukileyo yePC.
Namhlanje, iitekhnoloji zokuhlola ezisekelwe kwi-2D array transducers zibonelela ngezakhono eziphezulu zokufumanisa iziphene ze-girth kunye ne-axial kwi-stainless steel kunye ne-metal welds ezahlukileyo. Uqwalaselo oluqhelekileyo lwe-2D dual matrix lunokugubungela ngokufanelekileyo umthamo wokuhlolwa kwee-stainless steel welds kwaye lunokuqaphela iziphene ezithe tyaba nezinkulu.
Iinkqubo zokuhlola i-ultrasound zihlala ziquka uluhlu oluphindwe kabini lwee-matrices ezinemilinganiselo emibini ezibekwe kwizinto ezinokutshintshwa ezimile okwe-wedge ezinee-contours ezihambelana nobubanzi bangaphandle becandelo eliqwalaselwayo. Sebenzisa ii-frequency eziphantsi - i-1.5 MHz kwii-welds zesinyithi ezahlukeneyo kunye nezinye izinto zokunciphisa ukuncipha, ukusuka kwi-2 MHz ukuya kwi-3.5 MHz kwii-substrates zentsimbi engagqwaliyo kunye nee-welds ezifanayo.
Uqwalaselo lwe-T/R oluphindwe kabini (ukudlulisa/ukwamkela) lubonelela ngezi zibonelelo zilandelayo: akukho "ndawo efileyo" ekufutshane nomphezulu, ukususa "ii-phantom echoes" ezibangelwa kukubonakaliswa kwangaphakathi kwi-wedge, kwaye ekugqibeleni uvakalelo olungcono kunye nomlinganiselo wesignali-kwingxolo (umqondiso wesilinganiso/ingxolo). umfanekiso wengxolo) ) ngenxa yokuhlangana kwemitha ye-T kunye ne-R.
Makhe sijonge indlela ye-PA UT yokulawula ukwenziwa kwee-welds ze-austenitic stainless steel.
Xa kuqhutywa ulawulo lwemveliso, endaweni ye-RT, ulawulo kufuneka lugubungele umthamo we-weld kunye nobukhulu bodonga lonke lwendawo echaphazelekileyo bubushushu. Kwiimeko ezininzi, isiciko se-solder siya kuba sikhona. Kwii-welds ze-carbon steel, kucetyiswa ukusebenzisa amaza e-shear ukuze kuboniswe umthamo olawulwayo kumacala omabini, ngelixa i-half half wave idla ngokusetyenziselwa ukufumana ukubonakaliswa kwe-specular kwi-defects kwi-weld bevel.
Kwi-frequency ephantsi, indlela efanayo ye-shear wave ingasetyenziselwa ukuvavanya i-proximal bevel yee-stainless steel welds, kodwa ayithembekanga ukuvavanya ngezinto ze-austenitic weld. Ukongeza, kwi-CRA welds ezibizwa ngokuba yi-CRA, kukho i-alloy coating enganyangekiyo kwi-diameter yangaphakathi yombhobho we-carbon steel, kwaye isiqingatha sokugqibela se-wire jumper ye-cross beam ayinakusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo.
Makhe sijonge iindlela zokufumanisa isampuli sisebenzisa isixhobo kunye nesoftware ye-UT ephathekayo, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 1.
Iitransducers ezimbini ze-2D array ezivelisa imisebe ye-P-wave refracted engama-30 ukuya kuma-85 degrees enokusetyenziswa ukugubungela ivolumu epheleleyo. Kubukhulu bodonga ukusuka kwi-15 ukuya kuma-50 mm, iifrequencies ukusuka kwi-1.5 ukuya kwi-2.25 MHz zithathwa njengezifanelekileyo, kuxhomekeke ekuncipheni kwe-substrate.
Ngokwenza ngcono i-wedge angle kunye noqwalaselo lwezinto ze-array probe, uluhlu olubanzi lwee-refractive angle scans lunokwenziwa ngokufanelekileyo ngaphandle kwee-side lobes ezinxulumeneyo (Umzobo 2). Unyawo lwe-wedge node kwi-plane of incidence luncitshisiwe, okuvumela indawo yokuphuma kwe-beam ukuba ibekwe kufutshane ne-weld kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Ukusebenza kwe-2.25 MHz 10 x 3 dual array array eqhelekileyo kwimo ye-TRL kuhlolwe kwi-25 mm ubukhulu bodonga lwe-304 stainless steel plate weld. Iisampulu zovavanyo zazine-slope eqhelekileyo enesimo se-V kunye nemeko yomphezulu "edibeneyo" kwaye zazineziphene ze-weld zokwenyani nezibhalwe kakuhle ezihambelana ne-weld.
Irayisi. 3. Idatha ye-array edibeneyo enezigaba ze-array eqhelekileyo ye-2.25 MHz 10 x 3 Dual Array (TRL) kwi-weld yepleyiti yentsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-304.
Kumfanekiso 3 ubonisa imifanekiso yedatha yePAR edibeneyo yazo zonke ii-engile ze-refraction (ukusuka kwi-30° ukuya kwi-85° LW) kubude bonke be-weld. Ukufunyanwa kwedatha kwenziwe kwinqanaba eliphantsi lokufumana ulwazi ukuze kuthintelwe ukugcwala kweziphene ezibonisa kakhulu. Isisombululo sedatha se-16-bit sivumela useto olufanelekileyo lwe-soft gain kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeziphene. Ukutolikwa kwedatha kunokwenziwa lula ngokubeka i-projection shutter kwindawo efanelekileyo.
Umfanekiso wesiphene esinye esenziwe kusetyenziswa iseti yedatha efanayo edityanisiweyo uboniswe kuMfanekiso 4. Jonga isiphumo:
Ukuba awufuni ukususa iplagi ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, enye indlela yokuhlola ingasetyenziselwa ukubona imingxunya ye-axial (transverse) kwi-pipe welds: i-single array probe ingasetyenziswa kwi-pulse echo mode "yokujika" iplagi ye-weld. Umqadi wesandi uvela ngaphantsi Njengoko umqadi wesandi usasazeka ikakhulu kwi-substrate, amaza e-shear anokubona ngokuthembekileyo iziphene kwicala elikufutshane le-weld.
Eyona nto ifanelekileyo kukuba ii-welds zihlolwe kwiindlela ezine ze-beam (Umfanekiso 5) kwaye zifune ii-wedges ezimbini ezilinganayo ukuba zihlolwe kwiindlela ezichaseneyo, ngokwewotshi nangokuchasene newotshi. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimvamisa kunye nobukhulu bezinto ezizimeleyo ze-array, i-wedge assembly inokulungiswa ukuze ifumane ii-angles ze-refraction ukusuka kwi-40° ukuya kwi-65° ngokumalunga necala le-scan axis. Iimitha ezingaphezu kwama-50 ziwela kwiseli nganye yokukhangela. Isixhobo se-US PA esinobuchule esine-calculator eyakhelwe ngaphakathi sinokujongana ngokulula nenkcazo yemithetho yokugxila ene-skews ezahlukeneyo, njengoko kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 6.
Ngokwesiqhelo, kusetyenziswa ulandelelwano lwemigca emibini lokuhlola ukugubungela ngokupheleleyo ubungakanani bokuhlola. Iindawo ze-axial zemigca emibini yokuskena zimiselwa ukusuka kubukhulu bombhobho kunye nobubanzi bencam ye-weld. Umgca wokuqala wokuskena usondela kakhulu kumphetho we-weld, utyhila iziphene ezikwiingcambu ze-weld, kwaye umgca wesibini wokuskena ugqibezela ukugubungela i-HAZ. Indawo esisiseko ye-probe node iya kulungiswa ukuze indawo yokuphuma ye-beam isondele kangangoko kunokwenzeka kuzwane lwesithsaba ngaphandle kokubonakaliswa kwangaphakathi okubalulekileyo kwi-wedge.
Le ndlela yokuhlola ifunyenwe isebenza kakhulu ekufumaneni iziphene ze-axial ezingalunganga. Kumfanekiso 7 ubonisa umfanekiso we-phased array othathwe kwi-axial crack kwi-weld yentsimbi engagqwaliyo: iziphene zifunyenwe kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo zokuthambekela kwaye i-SNR ephezulu inokubonwa.
Umfanekiso 7: Idatha ye-array edibeneyo yezigaba zee-axial cracks kwi-stainless steel welding (ii-angles ezahlukeneyo ze-SW kunye ne-inclinations): i-conventional projection (ekhohlo) kunye ne-polar projection (ekunene).
Iingenelo ze-PA UT ephucukileyo njengenye indlela ye-radiography ziyaqhubeka nokutsala ingqalelo kwi-oyile negesi, ukuveliswa kwamandla, imveliso kunye namanye amashishini axhomekeke ekuhlolweni okuthembekileyo kwee-welds ze-austenitic. Ngokufanayo, izixhobo ze-PA UT ezidityanisiweyo ngokupheleleyo, i-firmware enamandla kunye nee-probes ze-2D array ziyaqhubeka nokwenza olu hlolo lube neendleko eziphantsi kwaye lusebenze kakuhle.
UGuy Maes ngumlawuli wentengiso weZetec kwi-UT. Uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-25 yamava ekuphuhliseni nasekusebenziseni iindlela eziphambili ze-ultrasound, uvavanyo lobuchule kunye nophuhliso lwesoftware. Ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya, fowunela ku-(425) 974-2700 okanye undwendwele i-www.zetec.com.
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