Mpunga. 1. Njira Yowunikira Kupanga Zosefera Zosapanga Chitsulo: Kusonkhanitsa Matrix Awiri a 2D mu TRL Mode.

Ma code, ma stanadards, ndi njira zasintha kuti zilole kugwiritsa ntchito phased array ultrasonic testing (PAUT) m'malo mwa RT poyesa austenitic welds. Poyamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale amagetsi a nyukiliya pafupifupi zaka 15 zapitazo, kugwiritsa ntchito ma dual (2D) array sensor assemblies kwafalikira ku mafuta ndi gasi ndi mafakitale ena komwe kuwunika mwachangu, kodalirika komanso kotetezeka kwa ma austenitic welds okwera kwambiri kumafunika.
Zipangizo zamakono zonyamulika za phased array zili ndi mapulogalamu amphamvu omangidwa mkati omwe amakulolani kukhazikitsa mwachangu komanso moyenera ma scan a 2D matrix array popanda kuitanitsa mafayilo a focus law opangidwa ndi ma calculator akunja kapena machitidwe owongolera kutali pogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu apamwamba a PC.
Masiku ano, ukadaulo wowunikira wozikidwa pa ma transducer a 2D array amapereka luso lapamwamba lozindikira zolakwika za girth ndi axial mu zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi zitsulo zosiyana. Kapangidwe ka 2D dual matrix kokhazikika kumatha kuphimba bwino kuchuluka kwa kuwunika kwa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndipo kumatha kuzindikira zolakwika zathyathyathya ndi zazikulu.
Njira zowunikira za Ultrasound nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mizere iwiri ya ma matrices okhala ndi magawo awiri omwe amaikidwa pazigawo zosinthika zokhala ndi mawonekedwe a wedge zomwe mawonekedwe ake amafanana ndi mainchesi akunja a chinthu chomwe chikuganiziridwa. Gwiritsani ntchito ma frequency otsika - 1.5 MHz pa zitsulo zosiyana ndi zinthu zina zochepetsera kufooka, 2 MHz mpaka 3.5 MHz pazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zomangidwa mofanana ndi ma weld.
Kapangidwe ka T/R kawiri (kutumiza/kulandira) kamapereka ubwino wotsatira: palibe "malo akufa" pafupi ndi pamwamba, kuchotsa "ma echo a phantom" omwe amayambitsidwa ndi kuwunikira kwamkati mu wedge, ndipo pamapeto pake kukhudzidwa bwino ndi chiŵerengero cha chizindikiro-ku-phokoso (chiwerengero cha chizindikiro/phokoso). chiŵerengero cha phokoso) ) chifukwa cha kugwedezeka kwa ma T ndi R beams.
Tiyeni tiwone njira ya PA UT yowongolera kupanga ma weld achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic.
Pochita zowongolera kupanga, m'malo mwa RT, zowongolera ziyenera kuphimba kuchuluka kwa weld ndi makulidwe onse a khoma la dera lomwe lakhudzidwa ndi kutentha. Nthawi zambiri, chivundikiro cha solder chidzakhalapo. Mu welds zachitsulo cha kaboni, ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mafunde a shear kuti muwonetse voliyumu yolamulidwa mbali zonse ziwiri, pomwe mafunde a theka lomaliza nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupeza mawonekedwe apadera kuchokera ku zolakwika pa bevel ya weld.
Pafupipafupi, njira yofanana ndi ya shear wave ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyesa bevel yoyandikana ya welds zachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, koma siyodalirika poyesa kudzera mu austenitic weld material. Kuphatikiza apo, pa zomwe zimatchedwa CRA welds, pali chophimba cha alloy chosagwira dzimbiri mkati mwa chitoliro chachitsulo cha kaboni, ndipo theka lomaliza la waya wolumikizira mtanda silingagwiritsidwe ntchito bwino.
Tiyeni tiwone njira zopezera zitsanzo pogwiritsa ntchito chida chonyamulika cha UT ndi mapulogalamu, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 1.
Ma transducer awiri a 2D array omwe amapanga ma beam a P-wave refracted a madigiri 30 mpaka 85 omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pophimba voliyumu yonse. Pa makulidwe a khoma kuyambira 15 mpaka 50 mm, ma frequency kuyambira 1.5 mpaka 2.25 MHz amaonedwa kuti ndi oyenera, kutengera kuchepa kwa substrate.
Mwa kukonza ngodya ya wedge ndi kasinthidwe ka zinthu za array probe, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma refractive angle scans ingapangidwe bwino popanda ma side lobes ogwirizana nawo (Chithunzi 2). Malo oyambira a wedge node mu ndege ya zochitika amachepetsedwa, zomwe zimathandiza kuti malo otulukira a beam akhale pafupi ndi weld momwe zingathere.
Kugwira ntchito kwa gulu la 2.25 MHz la 10 x 3 dual array mu TRL mode kunayesedwa pa weld ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ya 25 mm makulidwe a khoma ndi 304. Zitsanzo zoyeserazo zinali ndi malo otsetsereka ofanana ndi V komanso mawonekedwe a pamwamba "omwe ali ngati weld" ndipo zinali ndi zolakwika zenizeni komanso zolembedwa bwino za weld zomwe zikugwirizana ndi weld.
Mpunga. 3. Deta yophatikizana ya gulu la magawo a gulu la 2.25 MHz 10 x 3 Dual Array (TRL) pa weld ya 304 yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
Pa chithunzi 3 chikuwonetsa zithunzi za deta ya PAR yophatikizidwa ya ma angles onse a refraction (kuyambira 30° mpaka 85° LW) kutalika konse kwa weld. Kupeza deta kunachitika pamlingo wotsika wa gain kuti kupewe kudzaza kwa zolakwika zowunikira kwambiri. Kusasinthika kwa deta ya 16-bit kumalola makonda oyenera a gain yofewa pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zolakwika. Kutanthauzira deta kungathandize poyika bwino projection shutter.
Chithunzi cha cholakwika chimodzi chopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito deta yomweyi yolumikizidwa chikuwonetsedwa pa Chithunzi 4. Chongani zotsatira:
Ngati simukufuna kuchotsa pulagi musanayang'ane, njira ina yowunikira ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuzindikira ming'alu ya axial (transverse) mu mapaipi olumikizira: probe imodzi ya array ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mu pulse echo mode kuti "iyendetse" pulagi yolumikizira. Kuwala kwa mawu kuchokera pansi Pamene kuwala kwa mawu kumafalikira makamaka mu substrate, mafunde a shear amatha kuzindikira zolakwika zomwe zili pafupi ndi weld.
Mwanjira yabwino, ma weld ayenera kuunikidwa mbali zinayi za beam (Chithunzi 5) ndipo amafunika ma wedge awiri ofanana kuti ayang'aniridwe kuchokera mbali zosiyana, mozungulira wotchi komanso mozungulira wotchi. Kutengera kuchuluka ndi kukula kwa zinthu zomwe zili mu array, wedge assembly ikhoza kukonzedwa kuti ipeze ma angles of refraction kuyambira 40° mpaka 65° poyerekeza ndi komwe kuli axis ya scan. Ma rays opitilira 50 amagwera pa selo iliyonse yofufuzira. Chida chapamwamba cha US PA chokhala ndi chowerengera chomangidwa mkati chingathe kuthana mosavuta ndi tanthauzo la magulu a malamulo olunjika okhala ndi ma skew osiyanasiyana, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 6.
Kawirikawiri, macheke a mizere iwiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti aphimbe mokwanira kuchuluka kwa cheke. Malo a axial a mizere iwiri yojambulira amatsimikiziridwa kuyambira makulidwe a chitoliro ndi m'lifupi mwa nsonga ya weld. Mzere woyamba wojambulira umayenda pafupi momwe mungathere ndi m'mphepete mwa weld, ndikuwulula zolakwika zomwe zili pamzu wa weld, ndipo mzere wachiwiri wojambulira umamaliza kuphimba kwa HAZ. Malo oyambira a node ya probe adzakonzedwa bwino kotero kuti malo otulukira a beam ali pafupi momwe angathere ndi chala cha korona popanda kuwunikira kwakukulu kwamkati mu wedge.
Njira yowunikirayi yapezeka kuti ndi yothandiza kwambiri pozindikira zolakwika za axial zomwe zili molakwika. Pa chithunzi 7 chikuwonetsa chithunzi cha phased array chomwe chatengedwa pa mng'alu wa axial mu weld yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri: zolakwikazo zinapezeka pamakona osiyanasiyana a kupendekera ndipo SNR yayikulu inatha kuwonedwa.
Chithunzi 7: Deta yophatikizana ya magawo a axial cracks mu welding yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri (ma angles osiyanasiyana a SW ndi tintings): conventional projection (kumanzere) ndi polar projection (kumanja).
Ubwino wa PA UT wapamwamba monga njira ina m'malo mwa radiography ukupitilirabe kukopa chidwi m'mafakitale amafuta ndi gasi, kupanga magetsi, kupanga ndi mafakitale ena omwe amadalira kuwunika kodalirika kwa ma weld austenitic. Momwemonso, zida za PA UT zophatikizidwa mokwanira, firmware yamphamvu ndi ma probe a 2D array zikupitilizabe kupangitsa kuwunikaku kukhala kotsika mtengo komanso kogwira mtima.
Guy Maes ndi mkulu wa malonda ku Zetec ku UT. Wakhala ndi zaka zoposa 25 pakupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zapamwamba za ultrasound, kuwunika luso, komanso kupanga mapulogalamu. Kuti mudziwe zambiri, imbani (425) 974-2700 kapena pitani ku www.zetec.com.
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