Sezvo kumanikidzwa kwemusika kuchimanikidza vagadziri vemachubhu kuti vatsvage nzira dzekuwedzera kubereka uku vachitevedzera mitemo yakasimba yemhando, kusarudza nzira yakanakisisa yekuongorora uye sisitimu yekutsigira kwakakosha kupfuura kare. Kunyange zvazvo vagadziri vemachubhu vazhinji vachivimba nekuongorora kwekupedzisira, muzviitiko zvakawanda vagadziri vanoshandisa kuyedza kwakanyanya mukugadzira kuti vaone zvinhu zvisina kunaka kana maitiro pakutanga. Izvi hazvingoderedzi chete marara, asi zvinoderedzawo mari inobatanidzwa nekubata zvinhu zvisina kunaka. Maitiro aya anozopedzisira aita kuti pave nepurofiti yakawanda. Nekuda kwezvikonzero izvi, kuwedzera sisitimu yekuedza isingaparadze (NDT) kufekitori kunoita kuti pave nepfungwa yakanaka yehupfumi.
Zvinhu zvakawanda—rudzi rwechinhu, dhayamita, ukobvu hwemadziro, kumhanya kwemaitiro uye nzira yekunamira kana kugadzira chubhu—zvinosarudza bvunzo yakanakisisa. Zvinhu izvi zvinopesvedzerawo kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa munzira yekuongorora inoshandiswa.
Eddy Current Testing (ET) inoshandiswa mumapombi akawanda. Iyi bvunzo inodhura zvishoma uye inogona kushandiswa mumapombi matete emadziro, kazhinji kusvika pakukora kwemadziro kwe 0.250 inch. Yakakodzera zvinhu zvine magineti uye zvisiri zvemagineti.
Masensa kana kuti ma test coils anowira muzvikamu zviviri zvikuru: wraparound uye tangential. Ma coils anotenderedza anoongorora chikamu chose chechubhu, nepo ma tangential coils achiongorora nzvimbo yakasungirirwa chete.
Makoira anoputira anoona zvikanganiso mumutsara wese unouya, kwete nzvimbo yekuwelda chete, uye anowanzo shanda zvakanyanya kana achiyedza saizi dziri pasi pe 2 inches mudhayamita. Anoshivirirawo kudonha kwepad. Dambudziko guru nderekuti kupfuudza mutsetse unouya nemuchigayo kunoda matanho akawedzerwa uye kungwarira kwakanyanya kuti upfuure nemumutsara wekuyedza. Zvakare, kana koira yekuyedza yakabatana zvakanaka nedhayamita, weld yakakundikana inogona kukonzera kuti chubhu ivhurike, zvichikuvadza koira yekuyedza.
Makoiri eTangent anoongorora chikamu chidiki chedenderedzwa rechubhu. Mukushandiswa kwedhayamita hombe, kushandisa makoiri etangential pane makoiri akakomberedza zvinowanzopa chiyero chiri nani chesignal-to-noise (chiyero chesimba rechiratidzo chekuyedza zvichienzaniswa nechiratidzo chisingachinji chiri kumashure). Makoiri eTangent haadiwo tambo uye ari nyore kugadzirisa kunze kwemuchina. Dambudziko nderekuti anongotarisa nzvimbo yeweld chete. Yakakodzera mapaipi edhayamita hombe uye inogona kushandiswa kune saizi diki kana nzvimbo yeweld yakarongedzwa zvakanaka.
Rudzi rwemakoira runogona kuyedza kana paine kusagadzikana kunoitika nguva nenguva. Kuyedza kusina kunaka, kunozivikanwawo sekuyedza kusina kunaka kana kusawirirana, kunogara kuchienzanisa weld nechikamu chiri pedyo chesimbi yepasi uye kunonzwa shanduko diki dzinokonzerwa nekusagadzikana. Yakanakira kuona zvikanganiso zvipfupi zvakaita semapini kana majump welds, nzira huru inoshandiswa mukushandisa mill mill yakawanda.
Bvunzo yechipiri, nzira chaiyo, yakawana zvikanganiso zvakawanda. Iyi fomu iri nyore yeET inoda kuti mushandi aenzanise system nemagetsi pazvinhu zvakanaka. Pamusoro pekuwana shanduko dzakawanda, dzinoenderera mberi, inoonawo shanduko muukobvu hwemadziro.
Kushandisa nzira mbiri idzi dzeET hakufanirwe kuve kwakaoma zvikuru. Kana mudziyo wacho wakashongedzerwa, unogona kushandiswa panguva imwe chete nekoiri imwe chete yekuyedza.
Chekupedzisira, nzvimbo chaiyo yemuyedzisi inokosha. Hunhu hwakadai sekupisa kwekunze uye kudedera kwemugayo (kunoendeswa kuchubhu) zvinogona kukanganisa nzvimbo yacho. Kuisa tambo yekuyedza pedyo nebhokisi rekuyedza kunopa mushandi ruzivo rwekukurumidza nezvemaitiro ekusolder. Zvisinei, masensa anodzivirira tembiricha kana kutonhora kwekuwedzera kunogona kudiwa. Kuisa tambo yekuyedza pedyo nemagumo emugayo kunogona kuona zvikanganiso zvinounzwa nemaitiro ehukuru kana kuumba; zvisinei, pane mukana mukuru wenhema nekuti nzvimbo iyi inoswededza sensor pedyo necut-off system, uko inogona kuona Kudedera panguva yekucheka kana kucheka.
Kuyedzwa kweUltrasonic (UT) kunoshandisa mapulse esimba remagetsi uye kunorishandura kuita simba reruzha rine mafrequency akawanda. Mafungu aya anotumirwa kune zvinhu zviri kuyedzwa kuburikidza nemidziyo yakaita semvura kana chigayo chinotonhodza. Ruzha rwuri munzira; kurongeka kwesensor kunosarudza kana sisitimu iri kutsvaga zvikanganiso kana kuyera ukobvu hwemadziro. Seti yematransducers inogona kugadzira chimiro chenzvimbo yeweld. Nzira yeUT haigumiri pakukora kwemadziro echubhu.
Kuti ashandise maitiro eUT sechishandiso chekuyera, mushandisi anofanira kutenderedza transducer kuitira kuti ive yakatwasuka kune chubhu. Mafungu eruzha anopinda muOD kuenda kuchubhu, obva asvetuka kubva paID, odzokera kutransducer. Sisitimu iyi inoyera nguva yekubhururuka — nguva inotora kuti ruzha rufambe kubva kuOD kuenda kuID — uye inoshandura nguva kuita chiyero chekukora. Zvichienderana nemamiriro emuchina, iyi setup inogona kuyera ukobvu hwemadziro nekururama kwe ± 0.001 inches.
Kuti aone zvikanganiso zviri muchinhu, mushandi anoisa transducer pakona yakamanikana. Mafungu eruzha anopinda kubva kuOD, oenda kuID, odzokera kuOD, ofamba nemadziro nenzira iyoyo. Kusagadzikana kwewelding kunoita kuti ruzha ruratidzike; rinotora nzira imwe chete kudzokera ku sensor, iyo inoishandura kuita simba remagetsi uye inogadzira chiratidziro chinoratidza nzvimbo yeruzha. Chiratidzo chinopfuurawo nepagedhi reruzha, iro rinotanga alarm yekuzivisa mushandi kana kuti rinotanga system yependi inoratidza nzvimbo yeruzha.
Masisitimu eUT anogona kushandisa transducer imwe chete (kana ma single crystal transducers akawanda) kana phased array transducers.
Ma UT echinyakare anoshandisa transducer imwe chete kana kupfuura dzekristaro. Huwandu hwemasensa hunoenderana nehurefu hwechikanganiso chinotarisirwa, kumhanya kwemutsetse nezvimwe zvinodiwa pakuyedza.
Ma UT ane zvikamu zvinoshandisa zvinhu zvakawanda zve transducer mumuviri. Sisitimu yekudzora inotonga mafungu eruzha nemagetsi pasina kuisa zvinhu zve transducer panzvimbo yazvo kuti iongorore nzvimbo ye weld. Sisitimu iyi inogona kuita mabasa akasiyana-siyana, akadai sekuona zvikanganiso, kuyera ukobvu hwemadziro, uye kutarisa shanduko mukuchenesa nzvimbo ye weld. Aya maitiro ekuongorora nekuyera anogona kuitwa panguva imwe chete. Zvakakosha, nzira ye phased-array inogona kutsungirira kumwe kudonha kwe welding nekuti array inogona kufukidza nzvimbo yakakura kupfuura ma sensors echinyakare ane nzvimbo yakatarwa.
Nzira yechitatu yeNDT, Magnetic Leakage (MFL), inoshandiswa kuongorora mapaipi makuru, ane dhayamita yakakora, uye ane magnetic grade. Yakanakira kushandiswa kwemafuta negasi.
MaMFL anoshandisa simba guru remagineti reDC rinodarika nepamadziro echubhu kana chubhu. Simba remagineti rinosvika pakuzara kwesimba remagineti, kana kuti panosvika nguva yekuti kuwedzera kwesimba remagineti hakukonzeri kuwedzera kwakanyanya kwehuwandu hwemagineti. Kana mitsetse yemagetsi ikasangana nedambudziko muchinhu chacho, kukanganisa kwesimba remagineti kunogona kukonzera kuti ribude kana kuti ribude kubva pamusoro.
Chinongedzo chewaya chakapfava chinopfuudzwa nemumunda wemagineti chinogona kuona mabhurumu akadaro. Sezvineiwo nemamwe mashandisirwo emagetsi ekugadzira, sisitimu iyi inoda kufamba pakati pechinhu chiri kuyedzwa neprobe. Kufamba uku kunoitika nekutenderedza mubatanidzwa wemagineti neprobe kutenderedza denderedzwa rechubhu kana pombi. Kuti uwedzere kukurumidza kwekugadzirisa, iyi setup inoshandisa mamwe maprobe (zvakare array imwe) kana akawanda arrays.
Chigadziko cheMFL chinotenderera chinogona kuona zvikanganiso zvenguva refu kana kuti zvakachinjika. Musiyano uripo pakurongeka kwezvimiro zvemagnetizing uye dhizaini yeprobe. Muzviitiko zvese izvi, firita yechiratidzo inobata maitiro ekuona zvikanganiso uye kusiyanisa pakati penzvimbo dzeID neOD.
MFL yakafanana neET uye mbiri idzi dzinoenderana. ET yakakodzera zvigadzirwa zvine ukobvu hwemadziro husingasviki 0.250 inch, nepo MFL inoshandiswa kune zvigadzirwa zvine ukobvu hwemadziro hwakakura kupfuura uhwu.
Imwe mukana weMFL kupfuura UT ndeyekugona kwayo kuona zvikanganiso zvisina kunaka. Semuenzaniso, MFL inogona kuona zvikanganiso zviri mudenderedzwa remuchadenga zviri nyore. Zvikanganiso munzira dzakadaro dze oblique zvinogona kuonekwa neUT, asi zvinoda marongero chaiwo ekona inotarisirwa.
Une ruzivo rwakawanda nezvenyaya iyi here? Sangano reVagadziri neVagadziri (FMA) rine zvakawanda. Vanyori Phil Meinczinger naWilliam Hoffmann vachapa ruzivo nenhungamiro yezuva rose pamusoro pemisimboti, sarudzo dzemidziyo, gadziriro uye mashandisirwo emaitiro aya. Musangano uyu wakaitwa musi wa10 Mbudzi pahofisi huru yeFMA muElgin, Illinois (pedyo neChicago). Kunyoresa kwakavhurika kuti vanhu vapinde online uye vapinde chiso nechiso. Dzidza zvakawanda.
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