Loaʻa i ke kila kila Duplex kahi microstructure ʻelua-phase, kahi o ka hapa nui o ka ferrite a me ka austenite ma kahi o 50%. Ma muli o kā lākou microstructure ʻelua-phase, hoʻohui kēia mau kila i nā waiwai maikaʻi loa o nā kila kila ferritic a me austenitic. Ma keʻano laulā, hāʻawi ka pae ferritic (lattice cubic i waenakonu o ke kino) i ka ikaika mechanical kiʻekiʻe, ka paʻakikī maikaʻi a me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi i ka corrosion, ʻoiai ʻo ka pae austenitic (lattice cubic i waenakonu o ke alo) e hāʻawi i ka ductility maikaʻi.
Ma muli o ka hui pū ʻana o kēia mau waiwai, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā kila kila duplex i nā ʻoihana petrochemical, pulp a me ka pepa, nā ʻoihana moana a me ka ikehu. Hiki iā lākou ke kū i nā ʻano ʻino, hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola lawelawe a hana i nā kūlana kaiapuni ʻoi aku ka ʻino.
Hoʻemi nā mea ikaika kiʻekiʻe i ka mānoanoa a me ke kaumaha o ka ʻāpana. No ka laʻana, hiki i ke kila kila super duplex ke hāʻawi i ʻekolu a ʻehā manawa o ka ikaika yield a me ke kū'ē ʻana i ka pitting o ke kila kila 316.
Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kila kila Duplex i ʻekolu mau papa e pili ana i ka nui o ka chromium gravimetric (Cr) a me ka helu like o ke kū'ē ʻana o ka pitting (PREN):
ʻO kekahi o nā mea nui o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana ʻo DSS, SDSS, HDSS a me nā kila kila kila kūikawā ʻo ia ka kaohi ʻana i nā palena hoʻoheheʻe.
ʻO nā koi no ke kaʻina hana kuʻihao ma ka ʻoihana petrochemical e kuhikuhi ana i ka PREN liʻiliʻi loa e pono ai no nā metala hoʻopihapiha. No ka laʻana, koi ʻo DSS i kahi waiwai PREN o 35, ʻoiai ʻo SDSS e koi ana i kahi waiwai PREN o 40. Hōʻike ʻo 1 iā DSS a me kāna metala hoʻopihapiha e pili ana no GMAW a me GTAW. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, kūlike ka nui o Cr i loko o ka metala hoʻopihapiha me ka nui o Cr i loko o ka metala kumu. ʻO kahi ʻano hana e noʻonoʻo ai i ka wā e hoʻohana ai iā GTAW no nā aʻa a me nā kahawai wela ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā metala hoʻopihapiha superalloy. Inā ʻaʻole like ka metala kuʻihao ma muli o ka ʻenehana maikaʻi ʻole, hiki i kahi metala hoʻopihapiha i hoʻopili nui ʻia ke hāʻawi i ka PREN i makemake ʻia a me nā waiwai ʻē aʻe no ka laʻana kuʻihao.
Eia kekahi laʻana, no ka hōʻike ʻana i kēia, paipai kekahi mau mea hana e hoʻohana i ka uea hoʻopihapiha SDSS (25% Cr) no nā mea hoʻohuihui DSS (22% Cr) a me ka uea hoʻopihapiha HDSS (27% Cr) no nā mea hoʻohuihui SDSS (25% Cr). Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka uea hoʻopihapiha HDSS no nā mea hoʻohuihui HDSS. Loaʻa i kēia duplex austenitic-ferritic ma kahi o 65% ​​ferrite, 27% chromium, 6.5% nickel, 5% molybdenum a ua manaʻo ʻia he emi ma mua o 0.015% haʻahaʻa kalapona.
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me SDSS, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka HDSS packing a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūʻē ʻana i ka pitting a me ka crevice corrosion. Loaʻa iā ia ke kūʻē kiʻekiʻe i ka hydrogen stress cracking a me ke kūʻē kiʻekiʻe i nā wahi waikawa ikaika ma mua o SDSS. ʻO kona ikaika kiʻekiʻe ke ʻano o nā kumukūʻai mālama haʻahaʻa i ka hana ʻana i nā paipu, ʻoiai ʻaʻole pono ka metala weld o ka ikaika kūpono i ka nānā ʻana i nā mea palena a hiki ke emi iki ka mālama ʻana i nā pae hoʻomaopopo.
Hāʻawi ʻia i ka laulā o nā mea kumu, nā koi mechanical a me nā kūlana hana, e ʻoluʻolu e kūkākūkā me kahi loea DSS a me ka hoʻopili metala hoʻopihapiha ma mua o ka hoʻomau ʻana me kāu papahana aʻe.
ʻO WELDER, i kapa ʻia ma mua ʻo Practical Welding Today, ke hōʻike nei i nā poʻe maoli e hana ana i nā huahana a mākou e hoʻohana ai a hana pū me kēlā me kēia lā. Ua lawelawe kēia makasina i ke kaiāulu welding ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau no nā makahiki he 20 a ʻoi.
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