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Namuhla, cishe konke ukusika nge-laser enembile kwezinsimbi nezingezona izinsimbi kwenziwa kusetshenziswa amathuluzi afakwe ama-fiber lasers noma ama-ultrashort pulse (USP) lasers, noma ngezinye izikhathi kokubili. Kulesi sihloko, sizochaza izinzuzo ezahlukene zama-laser amabili futhi sibone ukuthi abakhiqizi bobabili basebenzisa kanjani la ma-laser. I-NPX Medical (Plymouth, MN) yinkampani yokucubungula okukhethekile yenkontileka ekhiqiza amadivayisi ahlukahlukene namathuluzi okuhambisa, njenge-stents, izimila, kanye namapayipi aguquguqukayo, kusetshenziswa imishini ehlanganisa ama-fiber lasers. I-Motion Dynamics ikhiqiza ama-subassemblies, njenge-“pull wire” assemblies asetshenziswa kakhulu ku-neurology, isebenzisa umshini ohlanganisa i-USP femtosecond laser kanye nenye yezinhlelo zakamuva ze-hybrid kufaka phakathi i-femtosecond kanye ne-fiber lasers ukuze kube nokuguquguquka okukhulu kanye nokuguquguquka.
Sekuyiminyaka eminingi, iningi le-laser micromachining liye lenziwa kusetshenziswa ama-laser e-nanosecond aqinile abizwa ngokuthi ama-laser e-DPSS. Kodwa-ke, lokhu sekushintshe ngokuphelele ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo ezimbili ze-laser ezihlukene ngokuphelele, futhi ngenxa yalokho ezihambisanayo. Ekuqaleni zenzelwe ukuxhumana ngocingo, ama-laser e-fiber akhule aba ama-laser okucubungula izinto ezisebenza kahle ezimbonini eziningi, ngokuvamile kuma-wavelengths aseduze kwe-infrared. Izizathu zempumelelo yawo zisekwakhekeni kwawo okulula kanye nokukhula kwamandla okuqondile. Lokhu kuphumela kuma-laser aqinile, athembekile kakhulu, futhi okulula ukuwahlanganisa emishinini ekhethekile, futhi ngokuvamile anikeza izindleko eziphansi zobunikazi kunezinhlobo ze-laser ezindala. Okubalulekile kuma-micromachining, umsebe wokukhipha ungagxila endaweni encane, ehlanzekile enobubanzi obungama-micron ambalwa kuphela, ngakho-ke alungele ukusika okunesinqumo esiphezulu, ukushisela kanye nokubhoboza. Imiphumela yawo nayo iguquguquka kakhulu futhi iyalawuleka, ngamazinga okushaya kwenhliziyo asukela ku-single shot kuya ku-170 kHz. Kanye namandla akhuliswayo, lokhu kusekela ukusika okusheshayo kanye nokubhoboza.
Kodwa-ke, inkinga engaba khona yama-fiber lasers ekusetshenzisweni kwe-micromachining ukushintshwa kwezici ezincane kanye/noma izingxenye ezincane nezithambile. Ubude besikhathi sokushaya kwenhliziyo obude (isb., 50 µs) buholela enanini elincane lendawo ethintekile ekushiseni (HAZ) njengezinto ezilungisiwe kabusha kanye nobulukhuni obuncane bomphetho, okungadinga ukucutshungulwa ngemva kokucubungula. Ngenhlanhla, ama-laser amasha—ama-ultrashort pulse (USP) lasers anama-femtosecond output pulses—aqeda inkinga ye-HAZ.
Ngama-laser e-USP, ukushisa okuningi okwengeziwe okuhlobene nenqubo yokusika noma yokubhoboza kuthuthwa kudoti okhishwe ngaphambi kokuba kube nesikhathi sokusakazeka ezintweni ezizungezile. Ama-laser e-USP anomphumela we-picosecond asetshenziswe isikhathi eside ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ze-micromachining ezibandakanya amapulasitiki, ama-semiconductor, ama-ceramics, kanye nezinsimbi ezithile (ama-picoseconds = imizuzwana eyi-10-12). Kodwa kumadivayisi ensimbi anezinsika ezinobukhulu bezinwele zomuntu, ukuhanjiswa okuphezulu kokushisa kwensimbi kanye nosayizi omncane kusho ukuthi ama-laser e-picosecond awahlali enikeza imiphumela ethuthukisiwe engathethelela izindleko ezikhuphukile zama-laser e-USP angaphambilini. Lokhu sekushintshile ngokufika kwama-laser e-femtosecond ebanga lezimboni (i-femtosecond = imizuzwana eyi-10-15). Isibonelo uchungechunge lwama-laser e-Coherent Inc. aseMonaco. Njenge-fiber lasers, umphumela wawo uwukukhanya okuseduze kwe-infrared, okusho ukuthi angasika noma abhoboze zonke izinsimbi ezisetshenziswa kumadivayisi ezokwelapha, kufaka phakathi insimbi engagqwali, i-platinum, igolide, i-magnesium, i-cobalt-chromium, i-titanium, nokuningi, kanye nezinsimbi ezingezona ezensimbi. Ngenkathi inhlanganisela yesikhathi esifushane sokushaya kwenhliziyo kanye namandla okushaya kwenhliziyo aphansi avimbela umonakalo wokushisa (HAZ), izinga lokuphindaphinda eliphezulu (MHz) liqinisekisa isivinini sokudlula esingabizi kakhulu kumadivayisi amaningi ezokwelapha anenani eliphezulu.
Vele, cishe akekho embonini yethu odinga i-laser eyodwa kuphela. Kunalokho, badinga umshini osekelwe ku-laser, futhi manje kunemishini eminingi ekhethekile eyenzelwe ukusika nokubhoboza amadivayisi ezokwelapha. Isibonelo uchungechunge lwe-Coherent's StarCut Tube, olungasetshenziswa nama-fiber lasers, ama-femtosecond lasers, noma njengenguqulo ehlanganisiwe ehlanganisa zombili izinhlobo ze-laser.
Kusho ukuthini ukuchwephesha kwedivayisi yezokwelapha? Iningi lalawa madivayisi akhiqizwa ngamaqoqo alinganiselwe ngokusekelwe kumiklamo eyenziwe ngokwezifiso. Ngakho-ke, ukuguquguquka kanye nokulula kokusetshenziswa kuyizinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele. Ngenkathi amadivayisi amaningi ekhiqizwa ngama-billet, ezinye izingxenye kumele zenziwe ngokunemba kusuka kuma-billet ayisicaba; umshini ofanayo kumele uphathe kokubili ukuze wandise inani lawo. Lezi zidingo zivame ukuhlangatshezwa ngokunikeza ukunyakaza okulawulwa yi-CNC okune-axis eminingi (i-xyz kanye ne-rotary) kanye ne-HMI elula ukuyisebenzisa ukuze kube nokuhlela nokulawula okulula. Endabeni ye-StarCut Tube, inketho entsha yemodyuli yokulayisha ishubhu iza nomagazini wokulayisha ohlangothini (obizwa nge-StarFeed) wamashubhu afinyelela ku-3 m ubude kanye ne-sorter yemikhiqizo enqunyiwe, okuvumela ukukhiqizwa okuzenzakalelayo ngokuphelele.
Ukuguquguquka kwenqubo yale mishini kuthuthukiswa kakhulu ngokusekelwa kokusika okumanzi nokomile kanye nama-nozzle okulethwa alungiseka kalula ezinqubo ezidinga igesi esiza. Ukulungiswa kwendawo kubaluleke kakhulu nasekusebenzeni izingxenye ezincane kakhulu, okusho ukuthi ukuzinza kwe-thermomechanical kuqeda imiphumela yokudlidliza okuvame ukutholakala ezitolo zemishini. Uhla lwe-StarCut Tube luhlangabezana nalesi sidingo ngokwakha yonke indawo yokusika ngenani elikhulu lezinto ze-granite.
I-NPX Medical ingumkhiqizi omusha wenkontileka ohlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokuklama, ubunjiniyela kanye nokusika i-laser ngokunemba kubakhiqizi bamadivayisi ezokwelapha. Yasungulwa ngo-2019, inkampani yakhe idumela embonini ngemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu kanye nokusabela, isekela izinhlobo eziningi zamadivayisi kufaka phakathi ama-stents, ama-implants, ama-valve stents kanye nama-flexible delivery tubes ezinqubo zokuhlinzwa ezahlukahlukene ezifanayo. Ukungenelela, kufaka phakathi ukuhlinzwa kwe-neurovascular, inhliziyo, izinso, umgogodla, amathambo, izifo zabesifazane, kanye nesisu. Umsiki wayo oyinhloko we-laser yi-StarCut Tube 2+2 ene-StarFiber 320FC enamandla aphakathi kwama-watts angu-200. UMike Brenzel, omunye wabasunguli be-NPX, uchaze ukuthi "abasunguli baletha iminyaka eminingi yokuklama amadivayisi ezokwelapha kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kokukhiqiza - iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-90 iyonke", kanye nesipiliyoni sangaphambilini ngemishini efana ne-StarCut esebenzisa ama-fiber lasers. Umsebenzi wethu omningi uhilela ukusika i-Nitinol futhi sesivele sazi ukuthi ama-fiber lasers anganikeza isivinini kanye nekhwalithi esiyidingayo. Kumadivayisi afana nama-tubes anodonga olujiyile nama-valve enhliziyo, sidinga isivinini, futhi i-USP laser ingase ihambe kancane kakhulu kithi. izidingo. Ngaphezu kwama-oda okukhiqiza amaningi – sigxile kumaqoqo amancane ezingxenye – phakathi kwezingcezu ezi-5 nezingu-150 kuphela – umgomo wethu ukuqeda lokhu kuguqulwa kwamaqoqo amancane ngezinsuku ezimbalwa nje, okuhlanganisa ukuklama, ukuhlela, ukusika, ukwakha, ukucubungula ngemuva kanye nokuhlola, uma kuqhathaniswa namasonto angemva kokufakwa kwe-oda lezinkampani ezinkulu.” Ngaphezu kokukhuluma ngesivinini, uBrenzel ukhulume ngokuthembeka komshini njengenzuzo enkulu, engadingi ucingo olulodwa lwesevisi ezinyangeni eziyi-18 ezedlule zokusebenza okucishe kuqhubeke.
Umfanekiso 2. I-NPX inikeza izinketho ezahlukahlukene zokucubungula ngemuva. Izinto eziboniswe lapha yi-T316 insimbi engagqwali enobukhulu obungu-5mm OD kanye nobukhulu bodonga obungu-0.254mm. Ingxenye yesobunxele isikiwe/iqhunyiswe nge-microblast kanti ingxenye yesokudla ipholishiwe ngogesi.
Ngaphezu kwezingxenye ze-nitinol, inkampani isebenzisa kakhulu ama-alloy e-cobalt-chromium, ama-alloy e-tantalum, ama-alloy e-titanium kanye nezinhlobo eziningi zezinsimbi ezingagqwali zezokwelapha. UJeff Hansen, uMphathi Wokucubungula I-Laser, uyachaza: “Ukuguquguquka komshini kungenye impahla ebalulekile, okusivumela ukuthi sisekele ukusika izinto ezahlukahlukene kakhulu, kufaka phakathi ithubhu kanye ne-flat. Singagxila phansi endaweni engama-micron angu-20, okuwusizo kakhulu kuma-tubes amancane awusizo kakhulu. Amanye ala ma-tubes angama-ID angu-0.012″ kuphela, futhi isilinganiso esiphezulu samandla aphezulu namandla ajwayelekile ama-fiber lasers akamuva kwandisa isivinini sethu sokusika ngenkathi sisahlinzeka ngekhwalithi efiselekayo yomphetho. Sidinga ngempela isivinini semikhiqizo emikhulu enobubanzi bangaphandle obufika ku-intshi eli-1.”
Ngaphezu kokusika ngokunemba kanye nokuphendula okusheshayo, i-NPX iphinde inikeze uhla oluphelele lobuchwepheshe bokucubungula ngemuva, kanye nezinsizakalo zokuklama eziphelele ezisebenzisa ulwazi lwayo olubanzi embonini. Lawa masu afaka phakathi i-electropolishing, i-sandblasting, i-pickling, i-laser welding, i-heat setting, i-forming, i-passivation, i-Af temperature testing, kanye nokuhlolwa kokukhathala, konke okuyisihluthulelo sokwenziwa kwamadivayisi e-Nitinol. UBrenzel uthe, esebenzisa i-post-processing ukulawula ukuqeda komphetho ngokusebenzisa i-edge finish, esebenzisa i-Brenzel, “ngokuvamile kuncike ekutheni sikhuluma ngohlelo lokusebenza olukhathele kakhulu noma olukhathele kakhulu. Isibonelo, ingxenye ekhathele kakhulu njenge-heart valve ingase igobe izikhathi eziyizigidigidi esikhathini sayo sokuphila njengokucubungula ngemuva. Njengesinyathelo, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa i-sandblasting ukwandisa i-radius yazo zonke izingqimba. Kodwa izingxenye ezikhathele kancane njengezinhlelo zokulethwa noma izintambo zokuqondisa ngokuvamile azidingi ukucubungula okuningi ngemuva.” Ngokuphathelene nobuchwepheshe bokuklama, kuchaza uBrenzel, manje sekunamakhasimende amaningi afinyelela ku-Two quarter nawo asebenzisa izinsizakalo zawo zokuklama ukusizakala ngosizo lwe-NPX namakhono okuthola imvume ye-FDA. Le nkampani inekhono elikhulu ekuguquleni umqondo "womdwebo we-napkin" ube umkhiqizo osesimweni sawo sokugcina esikhathini esifushane.
I-Motion Dynamics (Fruitport, MI) ingumkhiqizi weziphethu ezincane ezenziwe ngokwezifiso, amakhoyili ezokwelapha kanye nezinhlangano zezintambo omsebenzi wazo uwukuxazulula izinkinga zamakhasimende, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ziyinkimbinkimbi noma zibonakala zingenakwenzeka kangakanani, ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu. Kumadivayisi ezokwelapha, igcizelela kakhulu izinhlangano eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuhlinzwa kwemithambo yegazi, okuhlanganisa ukuklama, ukukhiqizwa, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezinhlangano zezintambo zekhwalithi ephezulu zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana namadivayisi e-catheter aqondiswayo, okuhlanganisa izinhlangano "zokudonsa ucingo".
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ukukhetha i-fiber noma i-USP laser kuyindaba yokukhetha kobunjiniyela kanye nohlobo lwemishini nezinqubo ezisekelwayo. UChris Witham, uMongameli we-Motion Dynamics, uchaze: “Ngokusekelwe kumodeli yebhizinisi egxile kakhulu emikhiqizweni yemithambo yegazi, singaletha imiphumela ehlukene ekwakhiweni, ekusebenzeni kanye nasenkonzweni. Sisebenzisa kuphela ukusika nge-laser ukukhiqiza izingxenye esizisebenzisa ngaphakathi. , ukukhiqiza izingxenye "ezinzima" ezinenani eliphezulu eziye zaba yinto ekhethekile nedumela lethu; asihlinzeki ngokusika nge-laser njengesevisi yenkontileka. Sithole ukuthi ukusika okuningi kwe-laser esikwenzayo kwenziwa kangcono ngama-lasers e-USP, futhi iminyaka eminingi bengisebenzisa i-StarCut Tube ngenye yalezi laser. Ngenxa yesidingo esikhulu semikhiqizo yethu, sinezinguquko ezimbili zamahora angu-8 ngosuku, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nezinguquko ezintathu, futhi ngo-2019 sidinga ukuthola enye i-StarCut Tube ukusekela lokhu Kukhula. Kodwa kulokhu, sanquma ukuhamba nenye yamamodeli amasha e-hybrid ama-lasers e-femtosecond USP nama-lasers e-fiber. Siphinde sayihlanganisa ne-StarFeed isilayishi/isilayishi ukuze sikwazi ukwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ukusika - umqhubi umane abeke isikhala. Ithubhu ilayishwa ku-feeder bese uhlelo lokusebenza lwesofthiwe lomkhiqizo luqalwa.
Umfanekiso 3. Leli payipi lokulethwa kwensimbi engagqwali eliguquguqukayo (eliboniswe eceleni kwerabha yepensela) lisikwe nge-laser ye-Monaco femtosecond.
UWitham unezela ngokuthi nakuba ngezinye izikhathi besebenzisa umshini ukusika okuyisicaba, isikhathi sabo esingaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-95 sichithwa bedala noma beguqula imikhiqizo esilindayo yezinhlangano zabo ze-catheter eziqondiswayo, okungukuthi ama-hypotubes, ama-coil kanye nama-spiral, okuhlanganisa ukusika amathiphu anephrofayili kanye nemigodi yokusika. Lezi zingxenye ekugcineni zisetshenziswa ezinqubweni ezifana nokulungiswa kwe-aneurysm kanye nokususwa kwe-thrombus. Lokhu kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwezicucu ze-laser ezinhlobonhlobo zezinsimbi okuhlanganisa insimbi engagqwali, igolide elihlanzekile, iplatinum kanye ne-nitinol.
Umfanekiso 4. I-Motion Dynamics iphinde isebenzise kakhulu ukushisela nge-laser. Ngaphezulu, ikhoyili ishiselwe kushubhu lokusika nge-laser.
Yiziphi izinketho ze-laser? UWitham uchaze ukuthi ikhwalithi ephezulu yomphetho kanye nama-kerf amancane abalulekile ezingxenyeni eziningi zabo, ngakho ekuqaleni bakhetha ama-lasers e-USP. Ngaphezu kwalokho, azikho izinto ezisetshenziswa yinkampani ezinganqunywa ngenye yalezi laser, kufaka phakathi izingxenye ezincane zegolide ezisetshenziswa njengezimpawu ze-radiopaque kweminye yemikhiqizo yayo. Kodwa wanezela ukuthi izinketho ezintsha ze-hybrid, kufaka phakathi ama-laser e-fiber kanye nama-USP, zinikeza ukuguquguquka okwengeziwe ekwenzeni ngcono izinkinga zekhwalithi yesivinini/umphetho. "Akungabazeki ukuthi ama-fiber optics anganikeza isivinini esiphezulu," esho. "Kodwa ngenxa yokugxila kwethu kwesicelo esithile, lokhu kuvame ukusho uhlobo oluthile lokucubungula ngemuva, njengokuhlanza ngamakhemikhali kanye ne-ultrasonic noma ukupholisha nge-electro. Ngakho-ke ukuba nomshini we-hybrid kusenza sikwazi ukukhetha ukuthi iyiphi inqubo iyonke - i-USP yodwa noma i-fiber kanye nokuphathwa ngemuva kokucubungula - Okuhle kakhulu kwengxenye ngayinye. Kusivumela ukuthi sihlole amathuba okusebenza kwe-hybrid kwengxenye efanayo, ikakhulukazi lapho kuhileleke khona ububanzi obukhulu kanye nobukhulu bodonga: ngisho nokusika okusheshayo ngama-laser e-fiber, Bese usebenzisa i-laser ye-femtosecond yokusika kahle." Ulindele ukuthi i-laser ye-USP izohlala iyisinqumo sayo sokuqala ngoba iningi lokusika kwayo i-laser lihilela ubukhulu bodonga obuphakathi kuka-4 no-6 thou, yize ihlangana nobukhulu bodonga obuphakathi kuka-1-20 thou. Amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali phakathi kwakho.
Ekuphetheni, ukusika nokubhoboza nge-laser kuyizinqubo ezibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwamadivayisi ezokwelapha ahlukahlukene. Namuhla, ngenxa yentuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe be-laser obuyinhloko kanye nemishini eyenziwe kahle kakhulu eyenzelwe izidingo ezithile zomkhakha, lezi zinqubo zilula ukuzisebenzisa futhi ziletha imiphumela engcono kunanini ngaphambili.