Wannan gidan yanar gizon yana aiki ne ta hannun kamfanoni ɗaya ko fiye mallakar Informa PLC kuma duk haƙƙin mallaka mallakar su ne. Ofishin da aka yi wa rijista na Informa PLC shine 5 Howick Place, London SW1P 1WG. An yi rijista a Ingila da Wales. Lamba 8860726.
A yau, kusan dukkan laser ɗin laser daidaitacce na ƙarfe da waɗanda ba ƙarfe ba ana yin su ne ta amfani da kayan aikin da aka sanye da fiber lasers ko ultrashort pulse lasers (USP), ko kuma wani lokacin duka biyun. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu bayyana fa'idodi daban-daban na lasers guda biyu kuma mu ga yadda masana'antun biyu ke amfani da waɗannan lasers.NPX Medical (Plymouth, MN) kamfani ne na musamman na kwangila wanda ke ƙera na'urori iri-iri da kayan aikin turawa, kamar stents, implants, da bututu masu sassauƙa, ta amfani da injina waɗanda suka haɗa da fiber lasers. Motion Dynamics yana ƙera ƙananan haɗuwa, kamar haɗuwa "ja waya" waɗanda aka fi amfani da su a fannin jijiyoyi, ta amfani da injin da ya haɗa da USP femtosecond laser da ɗaya daga cikin sabbin tsarin haɗin gwiwa gami da femtosecond da fiber lasers don matsakaicin sassauci da Sauƙi.
Shekaru da yawa, yawancin injinan laser ana yin su ne ta amfani da nanosecond lasers masu ƙarfi waɗanda ake kira DPSS lasers. Duk da haka, wannan ya canza gaba ɗaya godiya ga ci gaban nau'ikan laser guda biyu daban-daban, don haka masu dacewa. An ƙirƙira su da farko don sadarwa, fiber lasers sun girma zuwa kayan aiki na sarrafa lasers a masana'antu da yawa, sau da yawa a cikin raƙuman infrared kusa. Dalilan nasararsa sun ta'allaka ne akan tsarin gininsa mai sauƙi da kuma sauƙin daidaitawa da ƙarfi. Wannan yana haifar da lasers waɗanda suke da ƙanƙanta, abin dogaro sosai, kuma masu sauƙin haɗawa cikin injuna na musamman, kuma gabaɗaya suna ba da ƙarancin farashin mallaka fiye da tsoffin nau'ikan laser. Mafi mahimmanci ga injinan micro, ana iya mai da hankali kan hasken fitarwa zuwa ƙaramin wuri mai tsabta na 'yan microns kawai a diamita, don haka sun dace da yankewa, walda da haƙa rami mai ƙuduri mai girma. Fitowar su kuma suna da sassauƙa kuma ana iya sarrafawa, tare da ƙimar bugun jini daga harbi ɗaya zuwa 170 kHz. Tare da ƙarfin da za a iya daidaitawa, wannan yana tallafawa yankewa da haƙa cikin sauri.
Duk da haka, wata babbar illa da lasers na fiber ke da ita a cikin injinan micromachining ita ce ƙera ƙananan siffofi da/ko siririn sassa masu laushi. Tsawon lokacin bugun jini (misali, 50 µs) yana haifar da ƙaramin adadin yankin da zafi ya shafa (HAZ) kamar kayan da aka sake yin amfani da su da ƙaramin kauri na gefen, wanda zai iya buƙatar wasu bayan sarrafawa. Abin farin ciki, sabbin lasers—lasisan bugun jini na ultrashort (USP) tare da bugun fitarwa na femtosecond—suna kawar da matsalar HAZ.
Tare da lasers na USP, yawancin ƙarin zafi da ke da alaƙa da aikin yankewa ko haƙa rami ana ɗauke su a cikin tarkacen da aka fitar kafin su sami lokacin yaɗuwa zuwa cikin kayan da ke kewaye. Lasers na USP tare da fitarwa na picosecond an daɗe ana amfani da su a aikace-aikacen micromachining wanda ya haɗa da robobi, semiconductors, yumbu, da wasu ƙarfe (picoseconds = daƙiƙa 10-12). Amma ga na'urorin ƙarfe masu ginshiƙai girman gashin ɗan adam, babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki na ƙarfe da ƙaramin girmansa yana nufin cewa lasers na picosecond ba koyaushe suna ba da ingantaccen sakamako wanda zai ba da hujjar ƙaruwar farashin lasers na USP na baya ba. Wannan yanzu ya canza tare da zuwan lasers na femtosecond na masana'antu (femtosecond = daƙiƙa 10-15). Misali shine jerin lasers na Coherent Inc. na Monaco. Kamar lasers na fiber, fitarwarsu kusan haske ne na infrared, wanda ke nufin za su iya yanke ko haƙa duk ƙarfe da ake amfani da su a cikin na'urorin likita, gami da bakin ƙarfe, platinum, zinariya, magnesium, cobalt-chromium, titanium, da ƙari, da kuma waɗanda ba ƙarfe ba. Yayin da haɗin ɗan gajeren lokaci na bugun jini da ƙarancin kuzarin bugun jini yana hana lalacewar zafi (HAZ), yawan maimaitawa mai yawa (MHz) yana tabbatar da saurin fitarwa mai inganci ga na'urorin likitanci masu daraja da yawa.
Ba shakka, kusan babu wanda ke buƙatar laser ɗaya kawai a masana'antarmu. Madadin haka, suna buƙatar injin da ke amfani da laser, kuma yanzu akwai injuna na musamman da aka inganta don yankewa da haƙa na'urorin likitanci. Misali shine jerin StarCut Tube na Coherent, wanda za'a iya amfani da shi tare da laser fiber, laser femtosecond, ko kuma azaman sigar haɗin gwiwa wanda ya haɗa da nau'ikan laser guda biyu.
Me ake nufi da ƙwarewar na'urorin likitanci? Yawancin waɗannan na'urori ana samar da su ne a cikin ƙananan rukuni bisa ga ƙira na musamman. Saboda haka, sassauci da sauƙin amfani su ne manyan abubuwan da za a yi la'akari da su. Duk da cewa ana ƙera na'urori da yawa daga billets, wasu sassan dole ne a yi musu daidai da injin daga billets masu lebur; injin ɗaya dole ne ya kula da duka biyun don ƙara ƙimarsa. Waɗannan buƙatun galibi ana biyan su ta hanyar samar da motsi mai sarrafawa da yawa na CNC (xyz da rotary) da kuma HMI mai sauƙin amfani don shirye-shirye da sarrafawa mai sauƙi. A yanayin StarCut Tube, sabon zaɓin tsarin ɗaukar bututu yana zuwa tare da mujallar ɗaukar gefe (wanda ake kira StarFeed) don bututun har zuwa mita 3 a tsayi da kuma mai rabawa don samfuran da aka yanke, wanda ke ba da damar samar da cikakken atomatik.
Sassaucin tsarin waɗannan injunan yana ƙara ƙaruwa ta hanyar tallafawa yankewa da danshi da busasshe da kuma bututun isarwa masu sauƙin daidaitawa don hanyoyin da ke buƙatar taimakon iskar gas. Tsarin sarari yana da mahimmanci musamman don ƙera ƙananan sassa, wanda ke nufin cewa kwanciyar hankali na thermomechanical yana kawar da tasirin girgizar da ake samu akai-akai a shagunan injina. Jerin bututun StarCut ya cika wannan buƙata ta hanyar gina dukkan benen yankewa tare da adadi mai yawa na abubuwan granite.
NPX Medical sabuwar masana'anta ce ta kwangila wadda ke ba da ayyukan ƙira, injiniyanci da kuma yanke laser daidai ga masana'antun kayan aikin likita. An kafa kamfanin a shekarar 2019, kuma ya gina suna a masana'antar don samar da kayayyaki masu inganci da amsawa, yana tallafawa nau'ikan na'urori daban-daban ciki har da stent, implants, bawul stent da bututun bayarwa masu sassauƙa don hanyoyin tiyata iri ɗaya. Shiga tsakani, gami da tiyatar jijiyoyin jini, zuciya, koda, kashin baya, kashin baya, na fata, na mata, da na ciki. Babban mai yanke laser ɗinsa shine StarCut Tube 2+2 tare da StarFiber 320FC tare da matsakaicin ƙarfin watts 200. Mike Brenzel, ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa NPX, ya bayyana cewa "masu kafa kamfanin suna kawo shekaru na ƙwarewar ƙira da ƙera kayan aikin likita - sama da shekaru 90 a jimilla", tare da gogewa ta baya tare da injunan kamar StarCut ta amfani da lasers na fiber. Yawancin ayyukanmu sun haɗa da yanke Nitinol kuma mun riga mun san cewa lasers na fiber na iya samar da saurin da ingancin da muke buƙata. Ga na'urori kamar bututu masu kauri da bawuloli na zuciya, muna buƙatar sauri, kuma laser na USP na iya zama "Baya ga jinkirin da ya kamata mu biya buƙatunmu." Baya ga yawan odar samar da kayayyaki - mun ƙware a ƙananan rukuni na sassa - tsakanin guda 5 zuwa 150 kawai - burinmu shine mu kammala waɗannan ƙananan gyare-gyare a cikin 'yan kwanaki kaɗan, gami da ƙira, shirye-shirye, yankewa, ƙirƙira, bayan sarrafawa da dubawa, idan aka kwatanta da makonni bayan an yi oda ga manyan kamfanoni." Baya ga ambaton gudu, Brenzel ya ambaci amincin injin a matsayin babban fa'ida, ba ya buƙatar kiran sabis ɗaya a cikin watanni 18 da suka gabata na kusan ci gaba da aiki.
Hoto na 2. NPX yana ba da zaɓuɓɓuka iri-iri bayan an gama sarrafa shi. Kayan da aka nuna a nan shine ƙarfe mai bakin ƙarfe T316 mai kauri OD na 5mm da kauri bango na 0.254mm. An yanke ɓangaren hagu/an yi masa microblast kuma ɓangaren dama an yi masa electrophoresis.
Baya ga sassan nitinol, kamfanin yana kuma amfani da ƙarfe mai yawa na cobalt-chromium, ƙarfe mai tantalum, ƙarfe mai titanium da nau'ikan ƙarfe masu bakin ƙarfe na likitanci. Jeff Hansen, Manajan Sarrafa Laser, ya bayyana: "Sauƙin injina wani muhimmin kadara ne, wanda ke ba mu damar tallafawa yanke nau'ikan kayayyaki daban-daban, gami da bututu da lebur. Za mu iya mai da hankali kan katako zuwa tabo mai girman micron 20, wanda ke da amfani ga ƙarin bututun siriri suna da amfani sosai. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan bututun suna da girman inci 0.012 kawai, kuma babban rabo na ƙarfin kololuwa zuwa matsakaicin ƙarfin laser na sabon fiber yana ƙara yawan saurin yanke mu yayin da har yanzu yana ba da ingancin gefen da ake so. Muna buƙatar saurin manyan samfura tare da diamita na waje har zuwa inci 1."
Baya ga yankewa daidai da kuma amsawa cikin sauri, NPX kuma tana ba da cikakken kewayon fasahar bayan sarrafawa, da kuma cikakkun ayyukan ƙira waɗanda ke amfani da ƙwarewarta mai yawa a masana'antar. Waɗannan dabarun sun haɗa da gogewa ta lantarki, gogewa ta yashi, tsinken tsinkewa, walda ta laser, saita zafi, ƙirƙirarwa, gwajin zafin jiki na Af, da gwajin gajiya, duk waɗannan sune mabuɗin ƙera na'urar Nitinol. Ta amfani da aikin bayan sarrafawa don sarrafa ƙarewar gefen, Brenzel ya ce, "yawanci ya dogara ne akan ko muna magana ne game da aikin gajiya mai yawa ko ƙarancin gajiya. Misali, ɓangaren gajiya mai yawa kamar bawul na zuciya na iya lanƙwasa sau biliyan a tsawon rayuwarsa azaman aikin bayan sarrafawa. A matsayin mataki, yana da mahimmanci a yi amfani da gogewa ta yashi don ƙara radius na duk gefuna. Amma abubuwan da ke da ƙarancin gajiya kamar tsarin isarwa ko wayoyi masu jagora galibi ba sa buƙatar babban aikin bayan sarrafawa." Dangane da ƙwarewar ƙira, Brenzel ya bayyana, yanzu akwai kusan kashi uku cikin huɗu na abokan ciniki waɗanda ke amfani da ayyukan ƙira don cin gajiyar taimakon NPX da ƙwarewarsu wajen samun amincewar FDA. Kamfanin yana da ƙwarewa sosai wajen mayar da ra'ayin "zanen riga" zuwa samfuri a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci.
Motion Dynamics (Fruitport, MI) kamfani ne da ke kera ƙananan maɓuɓɓugan ruwa na musamman, na'urorin likitanci da kuma haɗa waya waɗanda manufarsu ita ce magance matsalolin abokan ciniki, komai rikitarwa ko kuma ba zai yiwu ba, cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. A cikin na'urorin likitanci, galibi yana mai da hankali kan haɗa abubuwa masu rikitarwa don tiyatar jijiyoyin jini, gami da ƙira, samarwa, da haɗa haɗakar waya masu inganci don aikace-aikace kamar na'urorin catheter masu sarrafawa, gami da haɗakar waya "ja".
Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, zaɓin fiber ko USP laser batu ne na fifikon injiniya da kuma nau'in kayan aiki da hanyoyin da ake tallafawa. Chris Witham, Shugaban Motion Dynamics, ya bayyana: "Dangane da tsarin kasuwanci wanda ya fi mai da hankali kan samfuran jijiyoyin jini, za mu iya samar da sakamako daban-daban a cikin ƙira, aiwatarwa da sabis. Muna amfani da yanke laser ne kawai don samar da abubuwan da muke amfani da su a cikin gida. , don ƙera kayan aiki masu daraja, "masu wahala" waɗanda suka zama sanannu da suna; ba ma bayar da yanke laser a matsayin sabis na kwangila. Mun gano cewa yawancin yanke laser da muke yi an fi yin su da lasers na USP, kuma tsawon shekaru da yawa ina amfani da StarCut Tube tare da ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan lasers. Saboda tsananin buƙatar samfuranmu, muna da canje-canje biyu na sa'o'i 8 a rana, wani lokacin ma canje-canje uku, kuma a cikin 2019 muna buƙatar samun wani StarCut Tube don tallafawa wannan Ci gaban. Amma a wannan karon, mun yanke shawarar tafiya tare da ɗaya daga cikin sabbin samfuran haɗakar lasers na femtosecond USP da lasers na fiber. Mun kuma haɗa shi da StarFeed Mai loda/sauke kaya domin mu iya sarrafa yankewa ta atomatik gaba ɗaya - mai aiki kawai ya sanya komai. Ana ɗora bututun a cikin mai ciyarwa kuma an fara shirin aiki na software na samfurin.
Hoto na 3. An yanke wannan bututun jigilar ƙarfe mai sassauƙa (wanda aka nuna kusa da magogin fensir) da laser na Monaco femtosecond.
Witham ya ƙara da cewa yayin da suke amfani da injin a wasu lokutan don yankewa lebur, fiye da kashi 95 cikin 100 na lokacinsu suna amfani da ƙirƙira ko gyara samfuran silinda don haɗakar catheter ɗin su, wato hypotubes, coils da spirals, gami da yanke tips ɗin profiled da ramukan yankewa. Waɗannan abubuwan ana amfani da su a ƙarshe a cikin hanyoyin kamar gyaran aneurysm da cire thrombus. Wannan yana buƙatar amfani da masu yanke laser akan nau'ikan ƙarfe daban-daban ciki har da bakin ƙarfe, zinare tsantsa, platinum da nitinol.
Hoto na 4. Motion Dynamics kuma yana amfani da walda ta laser sosai. A sama, an haɗa murfi da bututun yanke laser.
Menene zaɓuɓɓukan laser? Witham ya bayyana cewa ingancin gefen da ƙarancin kerfs suna da mahimmanci ga yawancin abubuwan da ke cikinsu, don haka da farko sun fi son laser na USP. Bugu da ƙari, babu wani kayan da kamfanin ke amfani da shi da za a iya yankewa ta hanyar ɗayan waɗannan lasers, gami da ƙananan abubuwan zinare da ake amfani da su azaman alamun rediyo a wasu samfuransa. Amma ya ƙara da cewa sabbin zaɓuɓɓukan haɗin gwiwa, gami da laser na fiber da USPs, suna ba su ƙarin sassauci wajen inganta matsalolin ingancin gudu/gefen. "Babu shakka cewa fiber optics na iya samar da mafi girman gudu," in ji shi. "Amma saboda takamaiman aikace-aikacenmu, wannan yawanci yana nufin wani nau'in aikin bayan-sarrafawa, kamar tsaftacewar sinadarai da ultrasonic ko gogewa ta lantarki. Don haka samun injin haɗin gwiwa yana ba mu damar zaɓar wane tsari gabaɗaya - USP kaɗai ko fiber da sarrafawa bayan-sarrafawa - Mafi kyau ga kowane sashi. Yana ba mu damar bincika yiwuwar yin aikin haɗin gwiwa na wannan ɓangaren, musamman inda manyan diamita da kauri na bango suka shiga: har ma da yankewa da sauri tare da laser na fiber, Sannan yi amfani da laser na femtosecond don yankewa mai kyau." Yana tsammanin cewa laser ɗin USP zai kasance zaɓinsu na farko saboda yawancin yanke laser ɗinsu ya ƙunshi kauri na bango tsakanin 4 da 6 thous, kodayake suna haɗuwa da kauri na bango daga 1-20 thous. Bututun ƙarfe na bakin ƙarfe a tsakanin ku.
A ƙarshe, yanke da haƙa laser sune manyan hanyoyin samar da na'urorin likitanci daban-daban. A yau, godiya ga ci gaban da aka samu a fasahar laser ta asali da kuma injunan da aka inganta sosai waɗanda aka tsara don takamaiman buƙatun masana'antar, waɗannan hanyoyin suna da sauƙin amfani kuma suna ba da sakamako mafi kyau fiye da da.