Uru rubuga rukorerwa n'ikigo kimwe cyangwa byinshi bifitwe na Informa PLC kandi uburenganzira bwose bw'umwanditsi ni ubwabo. Ibiro byanditswe bya Informa PLC ni 5 Howick Place, London SW1P 1WG. Byanditswe mu Bwongereza na Wales. Nomero 8860726.
Muri iki gihe, hafi ya byose bikorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa laser bugezweho bwo gukata ibyuma n'ibitari ibyuma hakoreshejwe ibyuma bifite fiber laser cyangwa ultrashort pulse (USP), cyangwa rimwe na rimwe byombi. Muri iyi nkuru, tuzasobanura ibyiza bitandukanye bya laser ebyiri kandi turebe uko abakora izo laser bombi bakoresha. NPX Medical (Plymouth, MN) ni ikigo cy’ubucuruzi cyihariye gitunganya ibikoresho bitandukanye n’ibikoresho byo gushyiraho, nka stents, implants, na flexible tube, gikoresha imashini zikoresha fiber lasers. Motion Dynamics ikora subassemblies, nka "pull wire" assemblies zikoreshwa cyane cyane mu buvuzi bw’imitsi, ikoresha imashini irimo USP femtosecond laser na imwe muri sisitemu nshya zivanze harimo femtosecond na fiber lasers kugira ngo yoroshye kandi ihinduke cyane.
Mu myaka myinshi ishize, inyinshi mu mikoromachini ya laser zakozwe hakoreshejwe imirasire ya nanosecond ya solid-state yitwa imirasire ya DPSS. Ariko, ibi byahindutse burundu bitewe n'iterambere ry'ubwoko bubiri butandukanye rwose, bityo bukaba bwuzuzanya. Byakorewe itumanaho, imirasire ya fiber lasers yakuze ihinduka imirasire itunganya ibikoresho mu nganda nyinshi, akenshi ku bunini bwa infrared. Impamvu z'uko ikora neza ni uburyo bworoshye bwo gutunganya no gukwirakwiza ingufu. Ibi bituma imirasire iba mito, yizewe cyane, kandi yoroshye kuyishyira mu mashini zihariye, kandi muri rusange itanga ikiguzi gito cyo kuyitunga ugereranyije n'imirasire ya kera ya laser. Icy'ingenzi kuri mikoromachini, urumuri rushobora kwibanda ahantu hato, hasukuye hafite umurambararo muto wa mikoroni nke, bityo bikaba byiza mu gukata, gusudira no gucukura bifite ubushobozi bwo hejuru. Umusaruro wazo nawo urahinduka cyane kandi ugenzurwa, hamwe n'umuvuduko w'ingufu kuva kuri rimwe kugeza kuri 170 kHz. Hamwe n'imbaraga zishobora guhindurwa, ibi bishyigikira gukata no gucukura vuba.
Ariko, ikibazo gishobora kubaho kuri lazeri za fibre muri micromachining ni ugutunganya ibintu bito cyangwa ibice bito kandi byoroshye. Igihe kirekire (urugero, 50 µs) cy'imitsi gitera ingano nto y'ahantu hagize ubushyuhe (HAZ) nko kongera gukoresha ibikoresho no guhindagurika kw'inkombe nto, bishobora gusaba ko hakorwa nyuma yo kubitunganya. Ku bw'amahirwe, lazeri nshya—lazeri za ultrashort pulse (USP) zifite femtosecond output pulses—zikuraho ikibazo cya HAZ.
Hamwe na laser za USP, ubushyuhe bwinshi bujyanye no gukata cyangwa gucukura bujyanwa mu myanda yakuwemo mbere y'uko ibona umwanya wo gukwirakwira mu bikoresho biyikikije. Laser za USP zifite picosecond output zimaze igihe kinini zikoreshwa mu mikoromachine zirimo pulasitiki, semiconductors, ceramics, n'ibyuma bimwe na bimwe (picoseconds = amasegonda 10-12). Ariko ku bikoresho by'icyuma bifite inkingi zingana n'umusatsi w'umuntu, ubwinshi bw'ubushyuhe bw'icyuma n'ingano ntoya bivuze ko laser za picosecond zidahora zitanga umusaruro mwiza wakwizeza ikiguzi cyiyongereye cya laser za USP za mbere. Ibi byahindutse ubu bitewe no kuza kwa laser za femtosecond zo mu rwego rw'inganda (femtosecond = amasegonda 10-15). Urugero ni urukurikirane rwa laser za Coherent Inc. zo muri Monaco. Kimwe na laser za fibre, umusaruro wazo ni urumuri rwa infrared, bivuze ko zishobora gukata cyangwa gucukura ibyuma byose bikoreshwa mu bikoresho by'ubuvuzi, harimo icyuma kitagira umugese, platine, zahabu, manyeziyumu, cobalt-chromium, titanium, n'ibindi, ndetse n'ibitari ibyuma. Mu gihe uruvange rw'igihe gito cyo gucura kw'ingufu kandi ingufu nke z’umuvuduko w’amaraso zirinda kwangirika k’ubushyuhe (HAZ), igipimo cyo gusubiramo gihanitse (MHz) gitanga umuvuduko wo gukoresha ibikoresho byinshi by’ubuvuzi bifite agaciro gakomeye.
Birumvikana ko hafi ya nta muntu n'umwe mu nganda zacu ukeneye laser imwe gusa. Ahubwo, bakeneye imashini ikoresha laser, kandi ubu hari imashini nyinshi zihariye zakozwe neza zo gukata no gucukura ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi. Urugero ni uruhererekane rwa StarCut Tube rwa Coherent, rushobora gukoreshwa na fiber laser, femtosecond lasers, cyangwa nk'ubwoko buvanze burimo ubwoko bwa laser zombi.
Ni iki bivuze ku bijyanye no kwibanda ku bikoresho by’ubuvuzi? Ibi bikoresho byinshi bikorwa mu byiciro bike hashingiwe ku miterere yihariye. Kubwibyo, ubworoherane n’uburyo bworoshye bwo kubikoresha ni ibintu by’ingenzi bigomba kwitabwaho. Nubwo ibikoresho byinshi bikorwa mu bikoresho bya billet, bimwe mu bice bigomba kuba byakozwe neza mu bikoresho bya billets; imashini imwe igomba gukora byombi kugira ngo irusheho kugira agaciro. Ibi bikenewe akenshi bigerwaho binyuze mu gutanga uburyo bwo kugenzura bwa CNC (xyz na rotary) hamwe na HMI yoroshye gukoreshwa kugira ngo byoroshye gukoresha mu gutegura no kugenzura. Ku bijyanye na StarCut Tube, uburyo bushya bwo gushyiramo ibikoresho bya tube burimo ikinyamakuru cyo gushyiramo ibikoresho ku ruhande (cyitwa StarFeed) ku bikoresho bya tubes bifite uburebure bwa metero 3 n’icyuma gitunganya ibicuruzwa byaciwe, bigatuma habaho gukora byikora.
Uburyo izi mashini zikoresha burushaho kwiyongera bitewe n’uburyo bwo gukata amazi n’ayumye ndetse n’imizingo yoroshye kuyihindura mu buryo ikenera gazi. Uburyo bwo gupima imiterere y’ahantu ni ingenzi cyane mu gutunganya ibice bito cyane, bivuze ko guhagarara neza kw’ubushyuhe bikuraho ingaruka zo guhindagura akenshi mu maduka y’imashini. Uduce twa StarCut Tube twujuje iki cyifuzo twubaka ahantu hose h’imashini hifashishijwe ibintu byinshi bya granite.
NPX Medical ni uruganda rushya rufite amasezerano yo gushushanya, gukora no gukata neza imirasire y'ubuhanga ku bakora ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi. Yashinzwe mu 2019, ikigo cyubatse izina mu nganda kubera ibicuruzwa byiza no gukora neza, gishyigikira ibikoresho bitandukanye birimo stent, implants, stents za valve n'imiyoboro yoroshye yo gutanga mu buryo butandukanye bwo kubaga. Ingamba, harimo kubaga imitsi y'amaraso, umutima, impyiko, uruti rw'umugongo, amagufwa, indwara z'abagore, n'igifu. Igikoresho cyayo gikata imirasire y'ubugari ni StarCut Tube 2+2 ifite StarFiber 320FC ifite imbaraga mpuzandengo za watts 200. Mike Brenzel, umwe mu bashinze NPX, yasobanuye ko "abashinze bazana uburambe bw'imyaka myinshi mu gushushanya no gukora ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi - imyaka irenga 90 yose hamwe", hamwe n'uburambe bwa mbere mu mashini zisa na StarCut zikoresha imirasire y'ubugari. Akazi kacu kenshi karimo gukata Nitinol kandi tuzi ko imirasire y'ubugari ishobora gutanga umuvuduko n'ubwiza dukeneye. Ku bikoresho nk'imiyoboro ifite inkuta nini n'imirasire y'umutima, dukeneye umuvuduko, kandi imirasire ya USP ishobora kuba itinda cyane ku bacu. ibikenewe. Uretse gutumiza ibicuruzwa byinshi - twibanda ku bice bito - hagati y'ibice 5 na 150 gusa - intego yacu ni ukurangiza ibi bikorwa bito mu minsi mike gusa, harimo gushushanya, gukora porogaramu, guca, gutunganya, gutunganya no kugenzura, ugereranije n'ibyumweru nyuma yo gutumiza ibicuruzwa ku bigo binini. "Uretse kuvuga umuvuduko, Brenzeho yavuze ko ubwizigame bw'imashini ari inyungu ikomeye, idasaba guhamagara serivisi imwe mu mezi 18 ashize y'imikorere ye hafi ya yose.
Ishusho ya 2. NPX itanga amahitamo atandukanye yo gutunganya nyuma yo kuyitunganya. Ibikoresho bigaragara hano ni icyuma cya T316 gifite OD ya 5mm n'ubugari bw'urukuta bwa 0.254mm. Igice cy'ibumoso cyaciwe/gikozwe muri microblasting kandi igice cy'iburyo cyarahinduwe n'amashanyarazi.
Uretse ibice bya nitinol, iyi sosiyete inakoresha cyane aloyi za cobalt-chromium, aloyi za tantalum, aloyi za titaniyumu n'ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibyuma bitagira umugese byo kwa muganga. Jeff Hansen, Umuyobozi ushinzwe gutunganya laser, asobanura agira ati: “Guhindura imiterere y'imashini ni ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi, kidufasha gushyigikira gukata ibikoresho bitandukanye cyane, harimo umuyoboro n'ibindi. Dushobora gushyira umuyoboro hasi ku gice cya mikoroni 20, ingirakamaro ku miyoboro miremire cyane. Imwe muri iyi miyoboro ifite 0.012″ gusa, kandi igipimo cyo hejuru cy'imbaraga zo hejuru n'imbaraga mpuzandengo za laser zigezweho za fiber zituma umuvuduko wacu wo gukata wiyongera mu gihe ugitanga ubwiza bw'inkombe twifuza. Dukeneye umuvuduko w'ibicuruzwa binini bifite umurambararo wo hanze wa santimetero 1.”
Uretse guca neza no gusubiza vuba, NPX itanga kandi ikoranabuhanga ryuzuye nyuma yo gutunganya, ndetse na serivisi zuzuye zo gushushanya zikoresha ubunararibonye bwayo bwinshi mu nganda. Izi tekiniki zirimo electropolishing, sandblasting, pickling, laser welding, setting bushyuhe, forming, passivation, Af testing, and fatigue test, all these are essential to document Nitinol. Brenzel yagize ati: “Ubusanzwe biterwa no kuba tuvuga ku burangirike bwinshi cyangwa burangiritse. Urugero, igice kinaniwe cyane nk'umutima gishobora kunama inshuro miliyari mu gihe cyose cy'ubuzima bwacyo nk'ikirahure cyo gutunganya. Nk'intambwe, ni ngombwa gukoresha sandblasting kugira ngo wongere uburebure bw'impande zose. Ariko ibice binaniwe cyane nka sisitemu zo gutanga cyangwa insinga zo kuyobora akenshi ntibisaba ko bikorerwa cyane nyuma yo gutunganya.” Ku bijyanye n'ubuhanga mu gushushanya, nk'uko Brenzel abisobanura, ubu hari abakiriya bagera kuri bitatu bya kane bakoresha serivisi zabo zo gushushanya kugira ngo bungukire ku bufasha bwa NPX n'ubuhanga mu kubona uburenganzira bwa FDA. Iyi sosiyete ni nziza cyane mu guhindura igitekerezo cya "napkin sketch" mo umusaruro mu buryo bwa nyuma mu gihe gito.
Motion Dynamics (Fruitport, MI) ni uruganda rukora amasoko magufi, imiyoboro y’ubuvuzi n’insinga zihuza imiyoboro, intego yarwo ikaba ari ugukemura ibibazo by’abakiriya, nubwo byaba bigoye cyangwa bisa nkaho bidashoboka, mu gihe gito gishoboka. Mu bikoresho by’ubuvuzi, ahanini yibanda ku nsinga zihuza imiyoboro y’imitsi, harimo igishushanyo, ikorwa, n’ihuza ry’insinga nziza zo gukoresha nk’ibikoresho bya catheter bishobora gutwarwa, harimo n’insinga zihuza imiyoboro.
Nkuko byavuzwe mbere, guhitamo fibre cyangwa USP laser ni ikibazo cy’ubuhanga ndetse n’ubwoko bw’ibikoresho n’imikorere bishyigikiwe. Chris Witham, Perezida wa Motion Dynamics, yasobanuye ati: “Dushingiye ku buryo bw’ubucuruzi bwibanda cyane ku bicuruzwa by’imitsi n’amaraso, dushobora gutanga umusaruro utandukanye mu gushushanya, gushyira mu bikorwa no gutanga serivisi. Dukoresha gusa laser cutting kugira ngo tubone ibice dukoresha mu nzu. , kugira ngo dukore ibice by’agaciro gakomeye, “bigoye” byabaye umwihariko wacu n’izina ryacu; ntidutanga laser cutting nk’umurimo w’amasezerano. Twasanze uburyo bwinshi bwo guca laser dukora bukorwa neza na USP lasers, kandi maze imyaka myinshi nkoresha StarCut Tube hamwe na imwe muri izi lasers. Kubera ko ibicuruzwa byacu bikenerwa cyane, tugira amasaha abiri ku munsi, rimwe na rimwe ndetse n’amasaha atatu, kandi muri 2019 dukeneye kugura indi StarCut Tube kugira ngo ishyigikire iyi Growth. Ariko kuri iyi nshuro, twahisemo kujya kuri imwe muri moderi nshya za femtosecond USP lasers na fiber lasers. Twayihuje na StarFeed umukingo/umukingo kugira ngo tubashe gukora ikoranabuhanga ryikora - umukoresha ashyiramo ubusa. Umuyoboro ushyirwa mu gikoresho gitanga amakuru hanyuma porogaramu ikora porogaramu y'icyo gicuruzwa igatangira.
Ishusho ya 3. Uyu muyoboro woroshye wo gutanga icyuma kitagira umugese (ugaragara iruhande rw'agahanagura ikaramu) waciwe hakoreshejwe laser ya Monaco femtosecond.
Witham yongeraho ko nubwo rimwe na rimwe bakoresha iyi mashini mu gukata neza, igihe kirenga 95 ku ijana bamara barema cyangwa bahindura ibikoresho bya cylindrical kugira ngo bashyireho catheter zabo, ari byo hypotubes, coils na spirals, harimo no gukata imitwe ifite ishusho n'imyenge yo gukata. Ibi bice bikoreshwa mu buryo nko gusana aneurysm no gukuraho thrombus. Ibi bisaba gukoresha imashini zikata laser ku byuma bitandukanye birimo icyuma kitagira umugese, zahabu nziza, platine na nitinol.
Ishusho ya 4. Motion Dynamics ikoresha cyane uburyo bwo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser. Hejuru, coil yasutswe ku muyoboro wa laser.
Ni izihe nzira za laser?Witham yasobanuye ko ubwiza bwiza bw'inkombe n'ubugari buke ari ingenzi ku bice byinshi byazo, bityo babanje gukunda laser za USP. Byongeye kandi, nta bikoresho na bimwe ikigo gikoresha gishobora gucibwa na imwe muri izi laser, harimo n'ibice bito bya zahabu bikoreshwa nk'ibimenyetso bya radiopaque muri bimwe mu bicuruzwa byayo. Ariko yongeyeho ko amahitamo mashya ya hybrid, harimo laser za fiber na USP, bitanga ubworoherane mu kunoza ibibazo by'umuvuduko/ubuziranenge bw'inkombe. Yagize ati: "Nta gushidikanya ko fiber optique ishobora gutanga umuvuduko mwinshi." Ariko kubera intego yacu yihariye yo gukoresha, ibi akenshi bivuze ubwoko bumwe bwo gutunganya nyuma y'imashini, nko gusukura imiti na ultrasonic cyangwa electropolishing. Bityo rero kugira imashini ya hybrid bidufasha guhitamo inzira rusange - USP yonyine cyangwa fibre no gutunganya nyuma y'imashini - Ni byiza kuri buri gice. Bidufasha gusuzuma uburyo bwo gukora hybrid y'igice kimwe, cyane cyane aho uburebure bunini n'ubugari bw'inkuta bikoreshwa: ndetse no gukata vuba hakoreshejwe laser za fiber, Hanyuma ukoreshe laser ya femtosecond mu gukata neza." Yiteze ko laser ya USP izakomeza kuba amahitamo yabo ya mbere kuko inyinshi mu nkuta zabo zicibwamo laser zigizwe n'ubugari buri hagati ya 4 na 6 thou, nubwo zihura n'ubugari buri hagati ya 1 na 20 thou. Imiyoboro y'icyuma kidakoresha ibyuma hagati ya 4 thou.
Muri make, gukata no gucukura hakoreshejwe laser ni inzira z'ingenzi mu gukora ibikoresho bitandukanye by'ubuvuzi. Muri iki gihe, bitewe n'iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga ry'ibanze rya laser hamwe n'imashini zigezweho cyane zakozwe hakurikijwe ibyo inganda zikeneye, izi nzira zoroshye gukoresha kandi zitanga umusaruro mwiza kurusha mbere hose.