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Namhlanje, phantse yonke indlela yokusika iintsimbi nezingezizo iintsimbi ngokuchanekileyo yenziwa kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezixhotyiswe ngee-fiber lasers okanye ii-ultrashort pulse (USP) lasers, okanye ngamanye amaxesha zombini. Kweli nqaku, siza kuchaza iingenelo ezahlukeneyo zee-laser ezimbini size sibone indlela abavelisi bobabini abazisebenzisa ngayo ezi lasers. I-NPX Medical (Plymouth, MN) yinkampani yokucubungula ekhethekileyo yesivumelwano eyenza izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo zokusasaza, ezifana nee-stents, ii-implants, kunye neetyhubhu eziguquguqukayo, isebenzisa oomatshini ababandakanya ii-fiber lasers. I-Motion Dynamics yenza ii-subassemblies, ezifana nee-“pull wire” assemblies ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-neurology, isebenzisa umatshini oquka i-USP femtosecond laser kunye nenye yeenkqubo zamva nje ze-hybrid kubandakanya ii-femtosecond kunye nee-fiber lasers zokuguquguquka okuphezulu kunye nokuguquguquka.
Kangangeminyaka emininzi, uninzi lwe-laser micromachining ibisenziwa kusetyenziswa ii-laser ze-nanosecond eziqinileyo ezibizwa ngokuba zii-laser ze-DPSS. Nangona kunjalo, oku kutshintshe ngokupheleleyo ngenxa yophuhliso lweentlobo ezimbini ze-laser ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ngoko ke ezihambelanayo. Ekuqaleni zenzelwe unxibelelwano, ii-laser zefayibha ziye zakhula zaba zii-laser ezisebenzayo zokucubungula izinto kumashishini amaninzi, rhoqo kwii-wavelengths ezikufutshane ne-infrared. Izizathu zempumelelo yayo zikwisakhiwo sayo esilula kunye nokuguquguquka kwamandla okuthe ngqo. Oku kuphumela kwii-laser ezincinci, ezithembekileyo kakhulu, kwaye ezilula ukuzidibanisa koomatshini abakhethekileyo, kwaye ngokubanzi zibonelela ngexabiso eliphantsi lobunini kuneentlobo ze-laser ezindala. Okubalulekileyo kwi-micromachining, umqadi wokuphuma unokujoliswa kwindawo encinci, ecocekileyo ye-microns ezimbalwa kuphela ububanzi, ngoko ke zilungele ukusika okuphezulu, ukuwelda kunye nokubhola. Iziphumo zazo zikwaguquguquka kakhulu kwaye ziyalawuleka, kunye namazinga okubetha aqala kwi-single shot ukuya kwi-170 kHz. Kunye namandla okukhulisa, oku kuxhasa ukusika kunye nokubhola ngokukhawuleza.
Nangona kunjalo, ingxaki enokubakho ye-fiber lasers kwi-micromachining kukwenziwa kweempawu ezincinci kunye/okanye iindawo ezincinci nezithambileyo. Ubude be-pulse obude (umz., 50 µs) bubangela inani elincinci le-heat affected zone (HAZ) ezifana nezinto ezilungisiweyo kunye noburhabaxa obuncinci, obunokufuna ukucutshungulwa emva kokusetyenziswa. Ngethamsanqa, ii-laser ezintsha—ii-ultrashort pulse (USP) lasers ezine-femtosecond output pulses—ziyayisusa ingxaki ye-HAZ.
Ngee-laser ze-USP, uninzi lobushushu obongezelelekileyo obunxulumene nenkqubo yokusika okanye yokubhoboza buthwalwa bususwe kwimfucumfucu ekhutshiweyo ngaphambi kokuba ifumane ixesha lokungena kwizinto ezijikelezileyo. Ii-laser ze-USP ezine-picosecond output bezisetyenziswa ixesha elide kwizicelo ze-micromachining ezibandakanya iiplastiki, ii-semiconductors, ii-ceramics, kunye neentsimbi ezithile (i-picoseconds = imizuzwana eli-10-12). Kodwa kwizixhobo zesinyithi ezineentsika ezinobukhulu obufana noboya bomntu, ukuhanjiswa kobushushu okuphezulu kwesinyithi kunye nobukhulu obuncinci kuthetha ukuba ii-laser ze-picosecond azisoloko zibonelela ngeziphumo eziphuculweyo eziya kuqinisekisa ukunyuka kweendleko zee-laser ze-USP zangaphambili. Oku kutshintshile ngokufika kwee-laser ze-femtosecond zezinga loshishino (i-femtosecond = imizuzwana eli-10-15). Umzekelo luchungechunge lwee-laser ze-Coherent Inc. zaseMonaco. Njengee-laser zefayibha, imveliso yazo ikufutshane ne-infrared light, oko kuthetha ukuba zinokusika okanye zibhoboze zonke iintsimbi ezisetyenziswa kwizixhobo zonyango, kubandakanya intsimbi engatyiwayo, iplatinum, igolide, i-magnesium, i-cobalt-chromium, i-titanium, nokunye, kunye nee-non-metals. Ngelixa indibaniselwano yexesha elifutshane lokubetha kwentliziyo kwaye amandla okutshaya aphantsi athintela umonakalo wobushushu (HAZ), izinga lokuphindaphinda eliphezulu (MHz) liqinisekisa isantya sokuphuma kwesandi esingabizi kakhulu kwizixhobo zonyango ezininzi ezixabisa kakhulu.
Kakade ke, phantse akukho mntu kushishino lwethu ofuna i-laser enye kuphela. Endaweni yoko, bafuna umatshini osekelwe kwi-laser, kwaye ngoku kukho oomatshini abaninzi abakhethekileyo abalungiselelwe ukusika nokubhoboza izixhobo zonyango. Umzekelo luchungechunge lweCoherent's StarCut Tube, olunokusetyenziswa kunye ne-fiber lasers, i-femtosecond lasers, okanye njengenguqulelo exutyiweyo equka zombini iintlobo ze-laser.
Kuthetha ukuthini ukuchwetheza izixhobo zonyango? Uninzi lwezi zixhobo zenziwe ngeebhetshi ezimbalwa ngokusekelwe kuyilo oluqhelekileyo. Ke ngoko, ukuguquguquka kunye nokulula kokusetyenziswa zezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Ngelixa izixhobo ezininzi zenziwe ngeebhetshi, ezinye izinto kufuneka zenziwe ngokuchanekileyo kwiibhetshi ezithe tyaba; umatshini ofanayo kufuneka uphathe zombini ukuze unyuse ixabiso lawo. Ezi mfuno zihlala zihlangatyezwa ngokubonelela ngentshukumo elawulwa yi-CNC (xyz kunye ne-rotary) kunye ne-HMI elula ukuyisebenzisa ukuze kube lula ukucwangcisa nokulawula. Kwimeko yeStarCut Tube, ukhetho olutsha lwemodyuli yokulayisha ityhubhu luza nemagazini yokulayisha esecaleni (ebizwa ngokuba yiStarFeed) yeetyhubhu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-3 m ubude kunye ne-sorter yeemveliso ezisikiweyo, okuvumela imveliso ezenzekelayo ngokupheleleyo.
Ukuguquguquka kwenkqubo kwezi matshini kuphuculwe ngakumbi yinkxaso yokusika okumanzi nokomileyo kunye neempumlo zokuhambisa ezihlengahlengiswayo ngokulula kwiinkqubo ezifuna igesi encedisayo. Isisombululo sendawo sikwabaluleke kakhulu ekutshixeni iindawo ezincinci kakhulu, oko kuthetha ukuba uzinzo lwe-thermomechanical lususa iziphumo zokungcangcazela okuhlala kubonwa kwiindawo zoomatshini. Uluhlu lweStarCut Tube luyahlangabezana nale mfuno ngokwakha idekhi yonke yokusika ngenani elikhulu lezinto zegranite.
I-NPX Medical ngumenzi omtsha wesivumelwano onikezela ngeenkonzo zoyilo, ubunjineli kunye nokusika i-laser ngokuchanekileyo kubavelisi bezixhobo zonyango. Yasekwa ngo-2019, inkampani yakhe udumo kushishino ngemveliso esemgangathweni kunye nokuphendula, ixhasa uluhlu olubanzi lwezixhobo kubandakanya ii-stents, ii-implants, ii-valve stents kunye neetyhubhu zokuhambisa eziguquguqukayo kwiinkqubo zotyando ezahlukeneyo. Ungenelelo, kubandakanya utyando lwemithambo-luvo, lwentliziyo, lwezintso, lomqolo, lwamathambo, lwabasetyhini, kunye nolwesisu. Umsiki wayo ophambili we-laser yiStarCut Tube 2+2 eneStarFiber 320FC enamandla aphakathi kwama-watts angama-200. UMike Brenzel, omnye wabasunguli be-NPX, uchaze ukuba "abasunguli bazisa amava eminyaka yoyilo lwezixhobo zonyango kunye nokuvelisa - ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-90 iyonke", kunye namava angaphambili ngoomatshini abafana neStarCut abasebenzisa ii-fiber lasers. Umsebenzi wethu omninzi ubandakanya ukusika iNitinol kwaye sele siyazi ukuba ii-fiber lasers zinokubonelela ngesantya kunye nomgangatho esiwudingayo. Kwizixhobo ezifana neetyhubhu ezinodonga oluqinileyo kunye neevalvu zentliziyo, sidinga isantya, kwaye i-USP laser inokuba icotha kakhulu kuthi. Iimfuno. Ukongeza kwiiodolo zemveliso ezinomthamo omkhulu - sigxile kwiibhetshi ezincinci zeenxalenye - phakathi kweziqwenga ezi-5 kunye ne-150 kuphela - injongo yethu kukugqiba ezi bhetshi zincinci zokuguqula izinto kwiintsuku ezimbalwa nje, kubandakanya uyilo, ukucwangcisa, ukusika, ukwenza, ukucubungula emva kunye nokuhlola, xa kuthelekiswa neeveki emva kokuba kufakwe iodolo kwiinkampani ezinkulu. "Ukongeza ekukhankanyeni isantya, uBrenzel ukhankanye ukuthembeka komatshini njengenzuzo enkulu, engadingi mnxeba wenkonzo enye kwiinyanga ezili-18 ezidlulileyo zokusebenza okungapheliyo.
Umfanekiso 2. I-NPX inikezela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokulungisa emva kokusetyenziswa. Izinto eziboniswe apha yi-T316 stainless steel ene-5mm OD kunye nobukhulu bodonga obuyi-0.254mm. Inxalenye yasekhohlo inqunyulwe/ifakwe i-microblasted kwaye inxalenye yasekunene ipholishiwe ngombane.
Ukongeza kwiindawo ze-nitinol, inkampani ikwasebenzisa kakhulu ii-alloys ze-cobalt-chromium, ii-alloys ze-tantalum, ii-alloys ze-titanium kunye neentlobo ezininzi zeentsimbi ezingagqwaliyo zonyango. UJeff Hansen, uMphathi weLaser Processing, ucacisa athi: “Ukuguquguquka koomatshini yenye into ebalulekileyo, esivumela ukuba sixhase ukusika uluhlu olwahlukeneyo lwezixhobo, kubandakanya ityhubhu kunye ne-flat. Singagxila umqadi uye kwindawo engama-20-micron, eluncedo ngakumbi kwiityhubhu ezincinci ziluncedo kakhulu. Ezinye zezi tyhubhu ziyi-ID ye-0.012″ kuphela, kwaye umlinganiselo ophezulu wamandla aphezulu kumandla aphakathi ee-laser zefayibha zamva nje ukhulisa isantya sethu sokusika ngelixa sisabonelela ngomgangatho ofunekayo. Sidinga isantya seemveliso ezinkulu ezinobubanzi obungaphandle obufikelela kwi-intshi enye.”
Ukongeza ekusikeni ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokuphendula ngokukhawuleza, i-NPX ikwabonelela ngoluhlu olupheleleyo lweetekhnoloji zokulungisa emva kokucubungula, kunye neenkonzo zoyilo ezipheleleyo ezisebenzisa amava ayo amaninzi kushishino. Ezi ndlela ziquka ukucoca nge-electropolishing, ukuqhumisa isanti, ukuqhobosha, ukuwelda nge-laser, ukubeka ubushushu, ukubumba, ukudlulisa amandla, uvavanyo lobushushu be-Af, kunye novavanyo lokudinwa, zonke ezi zibalulekileyo ekwenziweni kwesixhobo seNitinol. UBrenzel uthe, esebenzisa ukucubungula emva kokulungisa ukulawula ukugqitywa komphetho, "kudla ngokuxhomekeka ekubeni sithetha ngesicelo sokudinwa okuphezulu okanye ukudinwa okuncinci. Umzekelo, inxalenye yokudinwa okuphezulu njengevalvu yentliziyo inokugoba amaxesha ayibhiliyoni ebomini bayo njengenkqubo yokulungisa emva kokulungisa. Njengenyathelo, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ukuqhuma kwesanti ukwandisa i-radius yazo zonke ii-edges. Kodwa izinto ezidinwa kancinci ezifana neenkqubo zokuhambisa okanye ii-guidewirewires azidingi ukucubungula okukhulu emva kokulungisa." Ngokuphathelele ubuchule bokuyila, uBrenzel ucacisa, ngoku kukho abathengi abafikelela kwisithathu kwikota abasebenzisa iinkonzo zabo zoyilo ukuze basebenzise uncedo lwe-NPX kunye nezakhono zokufumana imvume ye-FDA. Le nkampani ilungile kakhulu ekuguquleni ingcamango "yomzobo we-napkin" ibe yimveliso kwimo yayo yokugqibela ngexesha elifutshane.
I-Motion Dynamics (Fruitport, MI) ngumenzi wee-miniature springs ezenziwe ngokwezifiso, ii-medical coils kunye nee-wire assemblies ezinjongo yazo ikukusombulula iingxaki zabathengi, nokuba zinzima kangakanani na okanye zibonakala zingenakwenzeka, ngexesha elifutshane kangangoko. Kwizixhobo zonyango, igxininisa kakhulu kwii-complex assemblies zotyando lwe-neurovascular, kubandakanya uyilo, ukuveliswa, kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwee-wire assemblies ezikumgangatho ophezulu kwizicelo ezifana nezixhobo ze-catheter ezilawulwayo, kuquka ii-“pull wire assemblies”.
Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, ukukhethwa kwe-laser yefayibha okanye ye-USP kuxhomekeke kukhetho lobunjineli kunye nohlobo lwezixhobo kunye neenkqubo ezixhaswayo. UChris Witham, uMongameli weMotion Dynamics, ucacisile: “Ngokusekelwe kwimodeli yeshishini egxile kakhulu kwiimveliso zemithambo-luvo, sinokunika iziphumo ezahlukeneyo kuyilo, ukwenziwa kunye nenkonzo. Sisebenzisa kuphela ukusika kwe-laser ukuvelisa izinto esizisebenzisayo ngaphakathi. , ukuvelisa izinto ezixabisekileyo, “ezinzima” eziye zaba yinto ekhethekileyo nedumela lethu; asiboneleli ngokusika kwe-laser njengenkonzo yesivumelwano. Sifumanise ukuba uninzi lokusika kwe-laser esikwenzayo kwenziwa ngcono ngee-laser ze-USP, kwaye kangangeminyaka emininzi bendisebenzisa i-StarCut Tube kunye nenye yezi laser. Ngenxa yemfuno enamandla yeemveliso zethu, sinee-shift ezimbini zeeyure ezisi-8 ngosuku, ngamanye amaxesha nee-shift ezintathu, kwaye ngo-2019 kufuneka sithenge enye i-StarCut Tube ukuxhasa olu Khulo. Kodwa ngeli xesha, sigqibe ekubeni sihambe nenye yeemodeli ezintsha ze-hybrid ze-femtosecond USP lasers kunye ne-fiber lasers. Sikwayidibanise ne-StarFeed umlayishi/umthwalo wokukhupha ukuze sikwazi ukwenza ngokuzenzekelayo ukusika – umqhubi ubeka nje isithuba esingenanto. Ityhubhu ifakwa kwi-feeder kwaye inkqubo yokusebenza kwesoftware yemveliso iqalisiwe.
Umfanekiso 3. Le tube yokuhambisa intsimbi engagqwaliyo eguquguqukayo (eboniswe ecaleni kwerabha yepensile) isikiwe nge-laser ye-Monaco femtosecond.
UWitham wongeza ngelithi nangona ngamanye amaxesha besebenzisa lo matshini ukusika ngokuthe tyaba, ngaphezulu kwama-95 ekhulwini exesha labo bachitha besenza okanye beguqula iimveliso zesilinda zeendibano zabo ze-catheter ezilawulwayo, ezizezi ii-hypotubes, ii-coils kunye ne-spirals, kubandakanya ukusika iincam ezineprofayili kunye ne-Cut holes. Ezi zixhobo ekugqibeleni zisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezinje ngokulungiswa kwe-aneurysm kunye nokususwa kwe-thrombus. Oku kufuna ukusetyenziswa kwe-laser cutters kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zesinyithi kuquka intsimbi engagqwaliyo, igolide ecocekileyo, iplatinum kunye ne-nitinol.
Umfanekiso 4. I-Motion Dynamics ikwasebenzisa kakhulu i-laser welding. Ngaphezulu, i-coil idityaniswe kwityhubhu yokusika i-laser.
Zithini iindlela zelaser? UWitham uchaze ukuba umgangatho ogqwesileyo womphetho kunye nee-kerf ezincinci zibalulekile kuninzi lwezixhobo zabo, ngoko ke ekuqaleni bakhetha ii-lasers ze-USP. Ukongeza, akukho nanye yezinto ezisetyenziswa yinkampani enokusikwa yenye yezi lasers, kuquka izinto ezincinci zegolide ezisetyenziswa njengeempawu ze-radiopaque kwezinye zeemveliso zayo. Kodwa wongeze ngelithi iindlela ezintsha ze-hybrid, kuquka ii-laser zefayibha kunye nee-USP, zinika ukuguquguquka okungakumbi ekuphuculeni imiba yesantya/yomphetho. "Akukho mathandabuzo ukuba ii-fiber optics zinokubonelela ngesantya esiphezulu," utshilo. "Kodwa ngenxa yokugxila kwethu kwisicelo esithile, oku kudla ngokuthetha uhlobo oluthile lokucubungula emva, njengokucoca ngeekhemikhali kunye ne-ultrasonic okanye i-electropolishing. Ngoko ukuba nomatshini we-hybrid kusenza sikwazi ukukhetha ukuba yeyiphi inkqubo iyonke - i-USP yodwa okanye i-fiber kunye ne-post-processing Handling - Eyona ifanelekileyo kwicandelo ngalinye. Ivumela ukuba sihlole amathuba okulungisa i-hybrid yecandelo elifanayo, ngakumbi apho kubandakanyeka khona ububanzi obukhulu kunye nobukhulu bodonga: nokuba kunqunyulwa ngokukhawuleza ngee-fiber lasers, Emva koko sebenzisa i-femtosecond laser yokusika kakuhle." Ulindele ukuba i-laser ye-USP iza kuhlala ilukhetho lwabo lokuqala kuba uninzi lweendlela zabo zokusika i-laser lubandakanya ubukhulu bodonga obuphakathi kwe-4 kunye ne-6 thou, nangona bedibana nobukhulu bodonga obuqala kwi-1-20 thou. Imibhobho yentsimbi engenasici phakathi kwe-thou.
Ukuqukumbela, ukusika kunye nokubhola nge-laser ziinkqubo ezibalulekileyo ekwenziweni kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango. Namhlanje, ngenxa yokuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji ye-laser ephambili kunye noomatshini abalungiselelwe iimfuno ezithile zoshishino, ezi nkqubo kulula ukuzisebenzisa kwaye zizisa iziphumo ezingcono kunangaphambili.