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Nhasi uno, kucheka simbi nesimbi zvisiri zvesimbi nemazvo kunoitwa uchishandisa maturusi ane fiber lasers kana ultrashort pulse (USP) lasers, kana dzimwe nguva zvese zviri zviviri. Muchinyorwa chino, tichatsanangura mabhenefiti akasiyana ema lasers maviri uye toona kuti vagadziri vese vanoshandisa sei ma lasers aya. NPX Medical (Plymouth, MN) ikambani inogadzira michina yakasiyana-siyana uye maturusi ekushandisa, akadai se stents, implants, uye flexible tube, ichishandisa michina inosanganisira fiber lasers. Motion Dynamics inogadzira subassemblies, dzakadai se "pull wire" assemblies dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mu neurology, ichishandisa muchina unosanganisira USP femtosecond laser uye imwe yeazvino hybrid systems inosanganisira femtosecond uye fiber lasers kuti ikwanise kuchinjika zvakanyanya uye kushandiswa zvakanyanya.
Kwemakore mazhinji, ma laser micromachining akawanda aiitwa achishandisa ma solid-state nanosecond lasers anonzi ma DPSS lasers. Zvisinei, izvi zvachinja zvachose nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwemhando mbiri dzakasiyana zvachose, uye nekudaro dzinoenderana, dzema laser. Pakutanga dzakagadzirirwa kutaurirana, ma fiber lasers akakura kuita ma laser ekugadzirisa zvinhu muindasitiri dzakawanda, kazhinji pa near-infrared wavelengths. Zvikonzero zvekubudirira kwayo zviri mukugadzirwa kwayo kuri nyore uye kugona kwayo kuchinjika kwesimba. Izvi zvinoguma nema lasers akaomesesa, akavimbika zvikuru, uye ari nyore kubatanidza mumichina yakasarudzika, uye kazhinji anopa mutengo wakaderera wekuva muridzi kupfuura marudzi ekare e laser. Zvakakosha pa micromachining, danda rekubuda rinogona kunangidzirwa panzvimbo diki, yakachena ine dhayamita shoma chete, saka dzakanakira kucheka, kusveta uye kuboora. Kubuda kwavo kunochinjikawo zvakanyanya uye kunogona kudzorwa, ne pulse rates inotangira pa single shot kusvika 170 kHz. Pamwe chete nesimba rinochinjika, izvi zvinotsigira kucheka nekukurumidza uye kuboora.
Zvisinei, dambudziko rinogona kuitika rema fiber lasers mu micromachining nderekugadzirisa zvinhu zvidiki uye/kana zvikamu zvitete, zvakapfava. Nguva refu (semuenzaniso, 50 µs) yekurova kwemoyo inoguma nehuwandu hushoma hwenzvimbo inobatwa nekupisa (HAZ) senge zvinhu zvakagadziriswazve uye roughness diki yemucheto, izvo zvingada kugadziriswa mushure menguva. Nerombo rakanaka, ma laser matsva—ma ultrashort pulse (USP) lasers ane femtosecond output pulses—anobvisa dambudziko reHAZ.
Nema laser eUSP, kupisa kwakawanda kunobatanidzwa nekucheka kana kubhoorwa kunotakurwa mumarara anoburitswa isati yawana nguva yekupararira muzvinhu zvakatenderedza. Ma laser eUSP ane picosecond output ave achishandiswa kwenguva refu mu micromachining applications anosanganisira mapurasitiki, semiconductors, ceramics, uye mamwe masimbi (picoseconds = 10-12 seconds). Asi kune zvishandiso zvesimbi zvine pillars saizi yebvudzi remunhu, high thermal conductivity yesimbi uye saizi diki zvinoreva kuti ma laser epicosecond haagare achipa mhedzisiro iri nani iyo ingaruramisa mutengo wakawedzera wema laser ekare eUSP. Izvi zvachinja ikozvino nekuuya kwema laser emhando yeindasitiri femtosecond (femtosecond = 10-15 seconds). Muenzaniso iCoherent Inc.'s Monaco series yema lasers. Kufanana nema fiber lasers, kubuda kwawo kuri near-infrared light, zvinoreva kuti anogona kucheka kana kubhoora simbi dzese dzinoshandiswa mumidziyo yekurapa, kusanganisira simbi isina ngura, platinum, goridhe, magnesium, cobalt-chromium, titanium, nezvimwe, pamwe nesimbi dzisiri simbi. Ukuwo kusanganiswa kwenguva pfupi yekurova kwemoyo. uye simba shoma rekurova kwemoyo rinodzivirira kukuvara kwekupisa (HAZ), mwero wekudzokorora wakakwira (MHz) unovimbisa kumhanya kwemagetsi kunodhura zvishoma kune zvishandiso zvakawanda zvekurapa zvine mutengo wakakwirira.
Ehe, hapana munhu muindasitiri yedu anoda laser imwe chete. Asi, vanoda muchina wakagadzirwa ne laser, uye ikozvino kune michina yakawanda yakasarudzika yakagadzirirwa kucheka nekuboora zvishandiso zvekurapa. Muenzaniso iCoherent's StarCut Tube series, iyo inogona kushandiswa ne fiber lasers, femtosecond lasers, kana semhando yehybrid inosanganisira marudzi ese e laser.
Zvinorevei hunyanzvi hwemidziyo yekurapa? Zvizhinji zvemidziyo iyi zvinogadzirwa muzvikamu zvishoma zvichienderana nemagadzirirwo akagadzirwa. Saka, kuchinjika uye nyore kushandisa ndizvo zvinhu zvakakosha kufunga nezvazvo. Kunyange zvazvo michina yakawanda ichigadzirwa kubva kumabhaleti, zvimwe zvikamu zvinofanirwa kugadzirwa nemazvo kubva kumabhaleti akatsetseka; muchina mumwe chete unofanirwa kubata zvese kuti uwedzere kukosha kwawo. Izvi zvinowanzo sangana nekupa kufamba kweCNC kunodzorwa (xyz uye rotary) uye HMI iri nyore kushandisa kuti mapurogiramu uye kutonga zvive nyore. Panyaya yeStarCut Tube, sarudzo itsva yemuchina wekutakura machubhu inouya nemagazini yekurodha divi (inonzi StarFeed) yemachubhu anosvika 3 m pakureba uye sorter yezvigadzirwa zvakachekwa, zvichibvumira kugadzirwa kwega kwega.
Kuchinjika kwemaitiro emichina iyi kunowedzerwa nekutsigira kucheka kwakanyorova uye kwakaoma uye ma nozzles ekutumira anogadziriswa zviri nyore kune maitiro anoda gasi. Kugadziriswa kwenzvimbo kwakakoshawo pakugadzira zvikamu zvidiki, zvinoreva kuti kugadzikana kwe thermomechanical kunobvisa mhedzisiro yekudedera kunowanzoonekwa muzvitoro zvemichina. StarCut Tube range inosangana nechido ichi nekuvaka deki rese rekucheka nezvinhu zvakawanda zvegranite.
NPX Medical ikambani itsva ine kondirakiti inopa mabasa ekugadzira, mainjiniya uye ekucheka nelaser chaiyo kune vagadziri vemidziyo yekurapa. Yakavambwa muna 2019, kambani iyi yakavaka mukurumbira muindasitiri nekuda kwezvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro uye kupindura, ichitsigira michina yakasiyana-siyana inosanganisira stents, implants, valvu stents uye machubhu ekuendesa anochinjika ekuvhiya akasiyana-siyana. Kupindira, kusanganisira kuvhiyiwa kwetsinga dzeropa, mwoyo, itsvo, musana, mafupa, gynecological, uye gastrointestinal. Chinhu chikuru chekucheka nelaser iStarCut Tube 2+2 ine StarFiber 320FC ine avhareji yesimba rema watts mazana maviri. Mike Brenzel, mumwe wevatangi veNPX, akatsanangura kuti "vatangi vanounza ruzivo rwemakore ekugadzira nekugadzira michina yekurapa - anopfuura makore makumi mapfumbamwe", neruzivo rwekare nemichina yakaita seStarCut inoshandisa fiber lasers. Basa redu rakawanda rinosanganisira kucheka Nitinol uye tinoziva kuti fiber lasers inogona kupa kumhanya uye mhando yatinoda. Kune michina yakaita semachubhu ane madziro akakora uye mavharuvhu emwoyo, tinoda kumhanya, uye USP laser inogona kunonoka zvakanyanya kune yedu. zvinodiwa. Pamusoro pemaodha ekugadzira akawanda - isu tinonyanya kugadzira zvikamu zvidiki - pakati pezvikamu zvishanu kusvika zana nemakumi mashanu chete - chinangwa chedu ndechekupedzisa ma "batch turnover" aya mumazuva mashoma chete, kusanganisira dhizaini, kuronga, kucheka, kugadzira, kugadzirisa mushure mekugadzira uye kuongorora, zvichienzaniswa nemavhiki mushure mekunge odha yaiswa kumakambani makuru. "Pamusoro pekutaura nezvekumhanya, Brenzel akataura kuvimbika kwemuchina uyu semubatsiro mukuru, usingade kufona kamwe chete mumwedzi gumi nemisere yapfuura yekushanda kuri pedyo nekuenderera mberi.
Mufananidzo 2. NPX inopa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekugadzirisa mushure mekushandisa. Zvinhu zviri kuratidzwa pano isimbi isina ngura yeT316 ine 5mm OD uye ukobvu hwemadziro hwe0.254mm. Chikamu chekuruboshwe chakachekwa/chakaputirwa nemicroblast uye chikamu chekurudyi chakaporishwa nemagetsi.
Pamusoro pezvikamu zve nitinol, kambani iyi inoshandisawo zvakanyanya cobalt-chromium alloys, tantalum alloys, titanium alloys uye mhando dzakawanda dzesimbi dzisina ngura dzekurapa. Jeff Hansen, Laser Processing Manager, anotsanangura kuti: "Kuchinjika kwemuchina chimwe chinhu chakakosha, chinotibvumira kutsigira kucheka kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira chubhu uye flat. Tinogona kutarisisa danda kusvika panzvimbo ye20-micron, iyo inobatsira kune akawanda machubhu matete anobatsira zvikuru. Mamwe emachubhu aya anongova 0.012″ ID, uye chiyero chepamusoro chesimba repamusoro kune avhareji yesimba re fiber lasers razvino chinowedzera kumhanya kwedu kwekucheka uku tichiri kupa mhando yemucheto watinoda. Tinoda kumhanya kwezvigadzirwa zvikuru zvine dhayamita yekunze inosvika 1 inch."
Pamusoro pekucheka nemazvo uye kupindura nekukurumidza, NPX inopawo matekinoroji akasiyana-siyana ekugadzirisa mushure mekushandisa, pamwe nemasevhisi ekugadzira akazara anoshandisa ruzivo rwayo rwakakura muindasitiri iyi. Matekiniki aya anosanganisira electropolishing, sandblasting, pickling, laser welding, heat setting, forming, passivation, Af temperature testing, uye fatigue testing, zvese izvi zvakakosha pakugadzira Nitinol device. Achishandisa post-processing kudzora edge finish, Brenzel akati, "zvinowanzoenderana nekuti tiri kutaura nezve application yekuneta zvakanyanya kana kuti isina kuneta zvakanyanya. Semuenzaniso, chikamu chekuneta zvakanyanya senge heart valve chinogona kukotama kabhiriyoni muhupenyu hwacho se post-processing. Sedanho, zvakakosha kushandisa sandblasting kuwedzera radius yemipendero yese. Asi zvikamu zvekuneta zvishoma senge delivery systems kana guideways hazvidi post-processing yakawanda." Panyaya yehunyanzvi hwekugadzira, Brenzel anotsanangura, ikozvino kune vanhu vanosvika zvikamu zvitatu muzvina vanoshandisawo mabasa avo ekugadzira kuti vashandise rubatsiro rweNPX nehunyanzvi hwekuwana mvumo yeFDA. Kambani iyi inyanzvi kwazvo pakushandura pfungwa ye "napkin sketch" kuita chigadzirwa muchimiro chayo chekupedzisira munguva pfupi.
Motion Dynamics (Fruitport, MI) ikambani inogadzira zvitubu zvidiki, macoil ekurapa uye mawaya ane chinangwa chekugadzirisa matambudziko evatengi, zvisinei nekuti akaoma sei kana kuti anoita seasingabviri, munguva pfupi inogoneka. Muzvishandiso zvekurapa, inonyanya kusimbisa mawaya akaomarara ekuvhiya kwetsinga dzeropa, kusanganisira dhizaini, kugadzirwa, uye kuunganidzwa kwemawaya emhando yepamusoro ekushandisa senge zvishandiso zve catheter zvinodzorwa, kusanganisira mawaya e "pull wire".
Sezvambotaurwa, sarudzo ye fiber kana USP laser inyaya yekusarudza mainjiniya pamwe nerudzi rwemichina nemaitiro anotsigirwa. Chris Witham, Mutungamiri weMotion Dynamics, akatsanangura kuti: "Zvichibva pamuenzaniso webhizinesi unonyanya kutarisa zvigadzirwa zvetsinga dzeropa, tinogona kupa mhedzisiro yakasiyana mukugadzira, kuita uye sevhisi. Isu tinoshandisa chete laser cutting kugadzira zvikamu zvatinoshandisa mumba. , kugadzira zvikamu zvakakosha, "zvakaoma" zvave hunyanzvi hwedu uye mukurumbira wedu; hatipe laser cutting sevhisi yechibvumirano. Takaona kuti ma laser cuttings mazhinji atinoita anonyanya kuitwa neUSP lasers, uye kwemakore mazhinji ndanga ndichishandisa StarCut Tube neimwe yeaya lasers. Nekuda kwekudiwa kukuru kwezvigadzirwa zvedu, tine ma switch maviri emaawa masere pazuva, dzimwe nguva kunyange matatu, uye muna 2019 tinoda kutenga imwe StarCut Tube kutsigira Kukura uku. Asi panguva ino, takasarudza kuenda neimwe yema hybrid models matsva e femtosecond USP lasers ne fiber lasers. Takaibatanidzawo neStarFeed loader/unloader kuitira kuti tikwanise kugadzira otomatiki kucheka - mushandi anongoisa chinhu chisina chinhu. Chubhu inoiswa mu feeder uye purogiramu yekushanda kwesoftware yechigadzirwa inotangwa.
Mufananidzo 3. Chubhu iyi inochinjika yekuendesa simbi isina ngura (inoratidzwa padivi pechirabha chepenzura) yakachekwa neMonaco femtosecond laser.
Witham anowedzera kuti kunyange zvazvo dzimwe nguva vachishandisa muchina uyu kucheka zvakatsetseka, inopfuura 95 muzana yenguva yavo inoshandiswa kugadzira kana kugadzirisa zvigadzirwa zve cylindrical zve catheter assemblies dzavo dzinodzorwa, dzinoti hypotubes, coils uye spirals, kusanganisira kucheka profiled tips uye Cut holes. Izvi zvinoshandiswa pakupedzisira mukuita senge kugadzirisa aneurysm uye kubvisa thrombus. Izvi zvinoda kushandiswa kwe laser cutters pamhando dzakasiyana dzesimbi dzinosanganisira simbi isina ngura, goridhe rakachena, platinum ne nitinol.
Mufananidzo 4. Motion Dynamics inoshandisawo laser welding zvakanyanya. Pamusoro apa, coil yakasungirirwa kuchubhu ye laser cut.
Ndezvipi zvingasarudzwa nelaser?Witham akatsanangura kuti mhando yepamusoro yemucheto uye kerf shoma zvakakosha kune zvakawanda zvezvinhu zvavo, saka pakutanga vaifarira USP lasers. Pamusoro pezvo, hapana chimwe chezvinhu zvinoshandiswa nekambani chinogona kuchekwa neimwe yeaya malaser, kusanganisira zvikamu zvidiki zvegoridhe zvinoshandiswa sezviratidzo zve radiopaque mune zvimwe zvezvigadzirwa zvayo. Asi akawedzera kuti sarudzo itsva dzehybrid, kusanganisira fiber lasers neUSPs, dzinovapa mukana wekugadzirisa matambudziko ekumhanya/edge quality. "Hapana mubvunzo kuti fiber optics inogona kupa kumhanya kwakanyanya," akadaro. "Asi nekuda kwekutarisa kwedu kwekushandisa, izvi zvinowanzoreva imwe mhando ye post-processing, senge chemical ne ultrasonic cleaning kana electropolishing. Saka kuva nemuchina we hybrid kunotibvumira kusarudza kuti ndeipi nzira yese - USP yega kana fiber uye post-processing Handling - Yakanakira chikamu chimwe nechimwe. Zvinotibvumira kuongorora mukana we hybrid machining yechikamu chimwe chete, kunyanya apo dhayamita yakakura uye ukobvu hwemadziro hunobatanidzwa: kunyangwe kucheka nekukurumidza ne fiber lasers, Wobva washandisa femtosecond laser yekucheka zvakanaka." Anotarisira kuti laser yeUSP icharamba iri sarudzo yavo yekutanga nekuti kucheka kwavo kwelaser kunosanganisira ukobvu hwemadziro huri pakati pe4 ne6 thou, kunyangwe vachisangana nehukobvu hwemadziro hunobva pa1-20 thou. Mapaipi esimbi isina ngura ari pakati payo.
Mukupedzisa, kucheka nekuchera nelaser inzira huru mukugadzirwa kwemidziyo yakasiyana-siyana yekurapa. Nhasi, nekuda kwekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji yelaser yakakosha uye michina yakagadziriswa zvakanyanya yakagadzirirwa zvinodiwa neindasitiri, maitiro aya ari nyore kushandisa uye anopa mhedzisiro iri nani kupfuura kare.