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Masiku ano, kudula zitsulo ndi zinthu zina pogwiritsa ntchito laser yolondola kwambiri kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito zida zokhala ndi fiber lasers kapena ultrashort pulse (USP) lasers, kapena nthawi zina zonse ziwiri. Munkhaniyi, tifotokoza ubwino wosiyana wa ma lasers awiriwa ndikuwona momwe opanga onsewa amagwiritsira ntchito ma lasers awa. NPX Medical (Plymouth, MN) ndi kampani yokonza zinthu yapadera yomwe imapanga zipangizo zosiyanasiyana ndi zida zotumizira, monga stents, implants, ndi flexible chubu, pogwiritsa ntchito makina omwe amaphatikiza fiber lasers. Motion Dynamics imapanga subassemblies, monga "pull wire" assemblies zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu neurology, pogwiritsa ntchito makina omwe ali ndi USP femtosecond laser ndi imodzi mwa machitidwe aposachedwa kwambiri osakanikirana kuphatikiza femtosecond ndi fiber lasers kuti zikhale zosavuta komanso zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.
Kwa zaka zambiri, ma laser micromachining ambiri akhala akuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito ma solid-state nanosecond lasers otchedwa ma DPSS lasers. Komabe, izi zasintha kwambiri chifukwa cha kupanga mitundu iwiri yosiyana kwambiri ya ma laser, motero yowonjezerana. Poyamba idapangidwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito polumikizirana, ma fiber lasers akhwima kukhala ma laser ogwirira ntchito m'mafakitale ambiri, nthawi zambiri pa ma wavelengths apafupi ndi infrared. Zifukwa zake zopambana zili mu kapangidwe kake kosavuta komanso mphamvu yolunjika. Izi zimapangitsa ma laser omwe ndi ochepa, odalirika kwambiri, komanso osavuta kuwaphatikiza mu makina apadera, ndipo nthawi zambiri amapereka mtengo wotsika wa umwini kuposa mitundu yakale ya ma laser. Chofunika kwambiri pa ma micromachining, kuwala kotulutsa kumatha kuyang'aniridwa pamalo ang'onoang'ono, oyera okhala ndi mainchesi ochepa okha, kotero ndi abwino kwambiri podula, kuwotcherera ndi kuboola. Zotulutsa zawo zimakhalanso zosinthika komanso zowongoka, ndi kugunda kwa mtima kuyambira pa single shot mpaka 170 kHz. Pamodzi ndi mphamvu yowongoka, izi zimathandiza kudula ndi kuboola mwachangu.
Komabe, vuto lomwe lingakhalepo la ma laser a ulusi mu micromachining ndi kupangidwa kwa zinthu zazing'ono ndi/kapena zigawo zoonda, zofewa. Kutalika kwa pulse kwa nthawi yayitali (monga 50 µs) kumabweretsa gawo laling'ono la kutentha lomwe lakhudzidwa ndi kutentha (HAZ) monga zinthu zosinthidwa ndi kukhwima pang'ono kwa m'mphepete, komwe kungafunike kukonza pambuyo pake. Mwamwayi, ma laser atsopano—ma laser a ultrashort pulse (USP) okhala ndi ma pulse a femtosecond output—amathetsa vuto la HAZ.
Ndi ma laser a USP, kutentha kowonjezera komwe kumakhudzana ndi kudula kapena kuboola kumatengedwa mu zinyalala zomwe zatulutsidwa zisanathe kufalikira kuzinthu zozungulira. Ma laser a USP okhala ndi picosecond output akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali mu ntchito za micromachining zomwe zimaphatikizapo mapulasitiki, ma semiconductors, ma ceramics, ndi zitsulo zina (picoseconds = masekondi 10-12). Koma pazida zachitsulo zokhala ndi zipilala zazikulu ngati tsitsi la munthu, kutentha kwakukulu kwa chitsulocho komanso kukula kwake kakang'ono kumatanthauza kuti ma laser a picosecond nthawi zonse samapereka zotsatira zabwino zomwe zingalungamitse mtengo wokwera wa ma laser akale a USP. Izi zasintha tsopano ndi kubwera kwa ma laser a femtosecond apamwamba kwambiri (femtosecond = masekondi 10-15). Chitsanzo ndi mndandanda wa ma laser a Coherent Inc. a Monaco. Monga ma fiber laser, kutulutsa kwawo ndi kuwala kwapafupi ndi infrared, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amatha kudula kapena kuboola zitsulo zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito muzipangizo zamankhwala, kuphatikiza chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, platinamu, golide, magnesium, cobalt-chromium, titaniyamu, ndi zina zambiri, komanso zosakhala zitsulo. Ngakhale kuphatikiza kwa nthawi yochepa ya pulse ndipo mphamvu yochepa ya kugunda kwa mtima imaletsa kuwonongeka kwa kutentha (HAZ), kubwerezabwereza kwapamwamba (MHz) kumatsimikizira kuthamanga kwa throughput kotsika mtengo kwa zida zambiri zamankhwala zamtengo wapatali.
Zachidziwikire, pafupifupi palibe aliyense mumakampani athu amene amafunikira laser imodzi yokha. M'malo mwake, amafunikira makina opangidwa ndi laser, ndipo tsopano pali makina ambiri apadera okonzedwa kuti azidula ndi kuboola zida zachipatala. Chitsanzo ndi mndandanda wa Coherent's StarCut Tube, womwe ungagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi fiber lasers, femtosecond lasers, kapena ngati mtundu wosakanizidwa wophatikiza mitundu yonse iwiri ya laser.
Kodi luso la zida zachipatala limatanthauza chiyani? Zipangizo zambirizi zimapangidwa m'magulu ochepa kutengera mapangidwe apadera. Chifukwa chake, kusinthasintha ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta ndi zinthu zofunika kuziganizira. Ngakhale zipangizo zambiri zimapangidwa kuchokera ku ma billet, zigawo zina ziyenera kupangidwa molondola kuchokera ku ma billets athyathyathya; makina omwewo ayenera kugwira zonse ziwiri kuti awonjezere phindu lake. Zosowa izi nthawi zambiri zimakwaniritsidwa popereka kayendedwe ka multi-axis CNC koyendetsedwa (xyz ndi rotary) komanso HMI yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito pokonza ndi kuwongolera mosavuta. Pankhani ya StarCut Tube, njira yatsopano yokweza ma tube imabwera ndi magazini yokweza mbali (yotchedwa StarFeed) yama tubes mpaka 3 m'litali ndi chosinthira cha zinthu zodulidwa, zomwe zimathandiza kupanga zokha.
Kusinthasintha kwa njira zogwirira ntchito kwa makina awa kumawonjezeredwanso ndi chithandizo cha kudula konyowa komanso kouma komanso ma nozzles otumizira omwe amasinthidwa mosavuta pazinthu zomwe zimafuna mpweya wothandizira. Kukhazikika kwa malo ndikofunikira kwambiri pakupanga zinthu zazing'ono kwambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kukhazikika kwa thermomechanical kumachotsa zotsatira za kugwedezeka komwe kumachitika nthawi zambiri m'masitolo ogulitsa makina. Gulu la StarCut Tube limakwaniritsa izi pomanga deck yonse yodulira ndi zinthu zambiri za granite.
NPX Medical ndi kampani yatsopano yopanga zinthu zatsopano zomwe imapereka ntchito zodula, uinjiniya, ndi kudula laser molondola kwa opanga zida zamankhwala. Kampaniyi idakhazikitsidwa mu 2019, ndipo yadzipangira mbiri yabwino kwambiri pamakampani opanga zinthu zabwino komanso kuyankha bwino, pothandizira zida zosiyanasiyana kuphatikiza ma stents, ma implants, ma valvu stents ndi machubu operekera osinthasintha pakuchita opaleshoni yofanana. Njira zochiritsira, kuphatikiza opaleshoni ya mitsempha, mtima, impso, msana, mafupa, matenda a akazi, ndi m'mimba. Chodulira chake chachikulu cha laser ndi StarCut Tube 2+2 yokhala ndi StarFiber 320FC yokhala ndi mphamvu yapakati ya ma watts 200. Mike Brenzel, m'modzi mwa omwe adayambitsa NPX, adafotokoza kuti "oyambitsa amabweretsa zaka zambiri zopanga zida zamankhwala komanso zopanga - zaka zoposa 90 zonse", ndi zomwe adakumana nazo kale ndi makina ofanana ndi StarCut pogwiritsa ntchito ma fiber lasers. Ntchito yathu yambiri imaphatikizapo kudula Nitinol ndipo tikudziwa kale kuti ma fiber lasers amatha kupereka liwiro ndi mtundu womwe timafunikira. Pazida monga machubu okhala ndi makoma okhuthala ndi ma valve amtima, timafunikira liwiro, ndipo USP laser ikhoza kukhala yochedwa kwambiri kwa ife. zosowa. Kuonjezera pa maoda ambiri opanga - timadziwa bwino magawo ang'onoang'ono a zigawo - pakati pa zidutswa 5 ndi 150 zokha - cholinga chathu ndikutsiriza kusintha kwa magulu ang'onoang'ono awa m'masiku ochepa chabe, kuphatikizapo kupanga, kukonza mapulogalamu, kudula, kupanga, kukonza pambuyo pake ndikuwunika, poyerekeza ndi milungu ingapo pambuyo poti oda yayikidwa ku makampani akuluakulu. "Kuphatikiza pa kutchula liwiro, Brenzel adati kudalirika kwa makinawo ndi phindu lalikulu, osafunikira kuyimba kamodzi kokha kwa ntchito m'miyezi 18 yapitayi ya ntchito yopitilira.
Chithunzi 2. NPX imapereka njira zosiyanasiyana zokonzera zinthu pambuyo pokonza. Zinthu zomwe zawonetsedwa pano ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha T316 chokhala ndi makulidwe a khoma a 5mm OD ndi 0.254mm. Gawo lamanzere ladulidwa/kuphulika ndipo gawo lamanja lapukutidwa ndi magetsi.
Kuwonjezera pa zigawo za nitinol, kampaniyo imagwiritsanso ntchito kwambiri ma alloy a cobalt-chromium, ma alloy a tantalum, ma alloy a titanium ndi mitundu yambiri ya zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zachipatala. Jeff Hansen, Woyang'anira Kukonza Laser, akufotokoza kuti: "Kusinthasintha kwa makina ndi chinthu china chofunikira, chomwe chimatilola kuthandizira kudula zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo chubu ndi lathyathyathya. Tikhoza kuyang'ana mtandawo pansi pa malo a 20-micron, omwe ndi othandiza kwambiri pa machubu opyapyala ndi othandiza kwambiri. Machubu ena ndi 0.012″ ID yokha, ndipo chiŵerengero chachikulu cha mphamvu yapamwamba ndi mphamvu yapakati ya ma fiber lasers aposachedwa chimakulitsa liwiro lathu lodulira pamene tikuperekabe mtundu womwe mukufuna. Timafunikira kwambiri liwiro la zinthu zazikulu zokhala ndi mainchesi akunja mpaka inchi imodzi."
Kuwonjezera pa kudula molondola komanso kuyankha mwachangu, NPX imaperekanso mitundu yonse ya ukadaulo wokonza zinthu pambuyo pa ntchito, komanso ntchito zambiri zopangira zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito luso lake lalikulu mumakampaniwa. Njirazi zikuphatikizapo electropolishing, sandblasting, pickling, laser welding, heat setting, forming, passivation, Af temperature testing, ndi kutopa, zonse zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri popanga chipangizo cha Nitinol. Pogwiritsa ntchito post-processing kuti muwongolere edge finish, Brenzel anati, "nthawi zambiri zimadalira ngati tikulankhula za ntchito yotopa kwambiri kapena yotopa pang'ono. Mwachitsanzo, gawo lotopa kwambiri ngati valvu ya mtima likhoza kupindika kambirimbiri pa moyo wake wonse ngati post-processing. Monga sitepe, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito sandblasting kuti muwonjezere radius ya m'mbali zonse. Koma zigawo zotopa pang'ono monga machitidwe otumizira kapena ma guidewards nthawi zambiri sizifuna nthawi yayitali yokonza zinthu pambuyo pa ntchito." Ponena za ukatswiri wa kapangidwe, Brenzel akufotokoza kuti tsopano pali makasitomala ambiri mpaka atatu mwa anayi omwe amagwiritsanso ntchito ntchito zawo zopangira kuti agwiritse ntchito thandizo la NPX ndi luso lake lopeza chilolezo cha FDA. Kampaniyo ndi yabwino kwambiri posintha lingaliro la "chojambula cha zopukutira m'manja" kukhala chinthu chomaliza munthawi yochepa.
Motion Dynamics (Fruitport, MI) ndi kampani yopanga masiponji ang'onoang'ono, ma coil azachipatala ndi ma waya omwe cholinga chake ndi kuthetsa mavuto a makasitomala, ngakhale atakhala ovuta bwanji kapena osatheka bwanji, munthawi yochepa kwambiri. Mu zida zachipatala, imayang'ana kwambiri ma waya ovuta a opaleshoni ya mitsempha, kuphatikizapo kapangidwe, kupanga, ndi kusonkhanitsa ma waya apamwamba kwambiri ogwiritsidwa ntchito monga zida zoyendetsera catheter, kuphatikizapo ma waya "okoka".
Monga tanenera kale, kusankha laser ya ulusi kapena USP ndi nkhani yokhudza uinjiniya komanso mtundu wa zida ndi njira zomwe zimathandizidwa. Chris Witham, Purezidenti wa Motion Dynamics, anafotokoza kuti: "Kutengera chitsanzo cha bizinesi chomwe chimayang'ana kwambiri pazinthu za mitsempha, titha kupereka zotsatira zosiyana pakupanga, kuchita ndi ntchito. Timagwiritsa ntchito kudula laser kokha kuti tipange zida zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito mkati. , kuti tipange zida zamtengo wapatali, "zovuta" zomwe zakhala zapadera komanso mbiri yathu; sitipereka kudula laser ngati ntchito yogwirizana. Tapeza kuti kudula laser kwambiri komwe timachita kumachitika bwino ndi USP lasers, ndipo kwa zaka zambiri ndakhala ndikugwiritsa ntchito StarCut Tube ndi imodzi mwa ma laser awa. Chifukwa cha kufunikira kwakukulu kwa zinthu zathu, timakhala ndi ma shift awiri a maola 8 patsiku, nthawi zina ngakhale ma shift atatu, ndipo mu 2019 tifunika kugula StarCut Tube ina kuti tithandizire Kukula kumeneku. Koma nthawi ino, tinaganiza zogwiritsa ntchito imodzi mwa mitundu yatsopano yosakanikirana ya femtosecond USP lasers ndi fiber lasers. Tinayiphatikizanso ndi StarFeed chojambulira/chotsitsa kuti tithe kugawa bwino zinthu - wogwiritsa ntchito amangoyika chopanda kanthu. Chubu chimayikidwa mu chodyetsa ndipo pulogalamu yogwiritsira ntchito pulogalamuyo imayambitsidwa.
Chithunzi 3. Chubu chosinthira chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ichi (chomwe chili pafupi ndi chofufutira pensulo) chadulidwa ndi laser ya Monaco femtosecond.
Witham akuwonjezera kuti ngakhale nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito makinawa kudula mopanda kuphwanya, nthawi yoposa 95 peresenti ya nthawi yawo imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga kapena kusintha zinthu zozungulira kuti zigwirizane ndi ma catheter awo oyendetsedwa bwino, monga ma hypotubes, ma coil ndi ma spiral, kuphatikizapo kudula nsonga zopindika ndi ma Cut holes. Zigawozi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza aneurysm ndi kuchotsa thrombus. Izi zimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito laser cutters pazitsulo zosiyanasiyana kuphatikizapo chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, golide weniweni, platinamu ndi nitinol.
Chithunzi 4. Motion Dynamics imagwiritsanso ntchito kwambiri kuwotcherera ndi laser. Pamwambapa, coil yalumikizidwa ku chubu chodulidwa ndi laser.
Kodi njira za laser ndi ziti? Witham anafotokoza kuti khalidwe labwino kwambiri la m'mphepete ndi ma kerf ochepa ndizofunikira kwambiri pazinthu zawo zambiri, kotero poyamba ankakonda ma laser a USP. Kuphatikiza apo, palibe chilichonse chomwe kampaniyo imagwiritsa ntchito chomwe chingadulidwe ndi imodzi mwa ma laser awa, kuphatikiza zigawo zazing'ono zagolide zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zizindikiro za radiopaque muzinthu zina zomwe amapanga. Koma adawonjezera kuti njira zatsopano zosakanikirana, kuphatikiza ma laser a fiber ndi USP, zimawapatsa kusinthasintha kwakukulu pakukonza mavuto a liwiro/m'mphepete. "Palibe kukayika kuti ma fiber optics amatha kupereka liwiro lalikulu," adatero. "Koma chifukwa cha cholinga chathu chapadera, izi nthawi zambiri zimatanthauza mtundu wina wa kukonza pambuyo pake, monga kuyeretsa mankhwala ndi ma ultrasound kapena electropolishing. Chifukwa chake kukhala ndi makina osakanikirana kumatithandiza kusankha njira yonse - USP yokha kapena fiber ndi post-processing Handling - Yabwino kwambiri pa gawo lililonse. Zimatilola kufufuza kuthekera kwa hybrid machining ya gawo lomwelo, makamaka komwe kumakhudzidwa ndi mainchesi akuluakulu ndi makulidwe a khoma: ngakhale kudula mwachangu ndi ma laser a fiber, Kenako gwiritsani ntchito femtosecond laser podula bwino." Akuyembekeza kuti laser ya USP idzakhalabe chisankho chawo choyamba chifukwa ma laser ambiri omwe amadula amakhala ndi makulidwe a khoma pakati pa 4 ndi 6 thou, ngakhale kuti amakumana ndi makulidwe a khoma kuyambira 1-20 thou. Mapaipi achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri pakati pa thou.
Pomaliza, kudula ndi kuboola pogwiritsa ntchito laser ndi njira zofunika kwambiri popanga zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zachipatala. Masiku ano, chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo wa laser ndi makina okonzedwa bwino kwambiri omwe amapangidwira zosowa za makampani, njirazi ndizosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndipo zimapereka zotsatira zabwino kuposa kale lonse.