Olu qwalaselo lubonelela ngeengcebiso kuyilo olukhuselekileyo lweenkqubo zemibhobho yokusasazwa kwehydrogen.
IHydrojeni lulwelo oluguquguqukayo kakhulu oluthanda ukuvuza.Yindibaniselwano eyingozi kakhulu kwaye ebulalayo yotyekelo, ulwelo oluguquguqukayo ekunzima ukululawula.Ezi zindlela zokuqwalasela xa ukhetha izinto eziphathekayo, i-gaskets kunye netywina, kunye neempawu zoyilo lweenkqubo ezinjalo.Ezi zihloko malunga nokuhanjiswa kwegesi ye-H2 yingqwalasela yale ngxoxo, kungekhona ukuveliswa kwe-H2, ulwelo H2, okanye ulwelo H2 (jonga ibar yecala ekunene).
Nazi iingongoma ezingundoqo ezimbalwa zokukunceda uqonde umxube we-hydrogen kunye ne-H2-moya.I-Hydrogen itshisa ngeendlela ezimbini: ukuchithwa kunye nokuqhuma.
ukuthotywa kweflagration.I-Deflagration yindlela eqhelekileyo yokutshisa apho amadangatye ahamba ngomxube kwizantya ze-subsonic.Oku kwenzeka, umzekelo, xa ilifu elikhululekile lomxube we-hydrogen-moya litshiswa ngumthombo omncinci wokutshisa.Kule meko, ilangatye liya kuhamba ngesantya seenyawo ezilishumi ukuya kwamakhulu amaninzi ngesekhondi.Ukwandiswa ngokukhawuleza kwerhasi eshushu kudala amaza oxinzelelo amandla awo alingana nobukhulu belifu.Kwezinye iimeko, amandla e-wave shock inokwanela ukulimaza izakhiwo zesakhiwo kunye nezinye izinto endleleni yayo kwaye ibangele ukulimala.
gqabhuka.Yathi yakugqabhuka, amadangatye namaza othusayo ahamba kulo mxube ngesantya esiphezulu.Umlinganiselo woxinzelelo kwi-detonation wave mkhulu kakhulu kune-detonation.Ngenxa yokwanda kwamandla, ukuqhuma kuyingozi kakhulu kubantu, izakhiwo kunye nezinto ezikufutshane.Ukutshatyalaliswa okuqhelekileyo kweflagration kubangela ugqabhuko-dubulo xa luvutha kwindawo evalelweyo.Kwindawo emxinwa ngolo hlobo, ukuvutha kungabangelwa bubuncinane bamandla.Kodwa ngokuqhawuka komxube womoya we-hydrogen kwindawo engenamkhawulo, kufuneka umthombo onamandla ngakumbi wokutshisa.
Umlinganiselo woxinzelelo kwi-wave ye-detonation kumxube we-hydrogen-air malunga ne-20. Kuxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric, umlinganiselo we-20 ngu-300 psi.Xa eli gagasi loxinzelelo lidibana nento emileyo, umlinganiselo woxinzelelo uyanda ukuya kuma-40-60.Oku kungenxa yokubonakaliswa kwegagasi loxinzelelo olusuka kumqobo omileyo.
Ukuthanda ukuvuza.Ngenxa ye-viscosity ephantsi kunye nobunzima obuphantsi bemolekyuli, igesi ye-H2 inotyekelo oluphezulu lokuvuza kwaye ide ingene okanye ingene kwizinto ezahlukeneyo.
I-Hydrogen i-8 amaxesha alula kunegesi yendalo, amaxesha angama-14 alula kunomoya, amaxesha angama-22 alula kunepropane kunye namaxesha angama-57 alula kunomphunga wepetroli.Oku kuthetha ukuba xa ifakwe ngaphandle, igesi ye-H2 iya kunyuka ngokukhawuleza kwaye ichithe, inciphisa naziphi na iimpawu zokuvuza.Kodwa inokuba likrele elintlangothi-mbini.Ugqabhuko-dubulo lunokuthi lwenzeke ukuba ukuwelda kuya kwenziwa kufakelo lwangaphandle olungaphezulu okanye ezantsi kokuvuza kwe-H2 ngaphandle kophononongo lokufunyaniswa kokuvuza phambi kokuwelding.Kwindawo evaliweyo, igesi ye-H2 inokunyuka kwaye iqokelele ukusuka kwisilingi ukuya phantsi, imeko evumela ukuba ikwazi ukwakha imiqulu emikhulu ngaphambi kokuba ikwazi ukudibana nemithombo yokutshisa kufuphi nomhlaba.
Umlilo wengozi.Ukuzitshisa yinto apho umxube weegesi okanye umphunga uvutha ngokuzenzekelayo ngaphandle komthombo wangaphandle wokutshisa.Ikwaziwa “njengokutsha okuzenzekelayo” okanye “ukutsha okuzenzekelayo”.Ukuzitshisa kuxhomekeke kubushushu, hayi uxinzelelo.
Iqondo lokushisa elizenzekelayo liqondo lobushushu elincinci apho i-fuel iya kuvutha ngokuzenzekelayo phambi kokuvutha ngokungabikho komthombo wangaphandle wokutshisa xa udibana nomoya okanye i-agent e-oxidizing.Ukushisa okuzenzekelayo kwepowder enye yiqondo lokushisa apho ngokuzenzekelayo livutha ngokungabikho kwe-agent oxidizing.Iqondo lobushushu lokuzitshisa legesi ye-H2 emoyeni yi-585°C.
Amandla okutshisa ngamandla afunekayo ukuqalisa ukwanda kwedangatye ngomxube otshayo.Ubuncinci bamandla okulayita awona mandla asezantsi afunekayo ukutshisa umxube othile otshayo kubushushu obuthile kunye noxinzelelo.Ubuncinci bamandla okutshisa i-spark ye-gaseous H2 kwi-1 atm yomoya = 1.9 × 10-8 BTU (0.02 mJ).
Imida yokuqhushumba yeyona iphezulu kunye nobuncinci boxinzelelo lomphunga, inkungu okanye uthuli emoyeni okanye ioksijini apho ugqabhuko lwenzeka khona.Ubungakanani kunye nejometri yokusingqongileyo, kunye nokuxinwa kwepetroli, ilawula imida.“Umda wogqabhuko-dubulo” ngamanye amaxesha usetyenziswa njengesithethantonye esithi “umda wogqabhuko-dubulo”.
Imida yokuqhuma kwe-H2 imixube emoyeni yi-18.3 vol.% (umda ophantsi) kunye ne-59 vol.% (umda ophezulu).
Xa uyila iinkqubo zemibhobho (Umfanekiso 1), isinyathelo sokuqala kukufumanisa izinto zokwakha ezifunekayo kuhlobo ngalunye lolwelo.Kwaye ulwelo ngalunye luya kuhlelwa ngokuhambelana nomhlathi we-ASME B31.3.I-300(b)(1) ithi, "Umnini ukwanoxanduva lokumisela udidi D, M, uxinzelelo oluphezulu, kunye nemibhobho yococeko oluphezulu, kunye nokumisela ukuba inkqubo ethile yomgangatho kufuneka isetyenziswe."
Ulwahlulo lwe-Fluid luchaza iqondo lovavanyo kunye nohlobo lovavanyo olufunekayo, kunye nezinye ezininzi iimfuno ezisekelwe kudidi lwe-fluid.Uxanduva lomnini koku ludla ngokuwela kwisebe lobunjineli bomnini okanye injineli ephuma ngaphandle.
Ngelixa iKhowudi yeMibhobho yeNkqubo ye-B31.3 ayimxeleli umnini ukuba yeyiphi imathiriyeli amakayisebenzise kulwelo oluthile, inika isikhokelo kumandla, ubukhulu, kunye neemfuno zoqhagamshelo lwezinto.Kukho neengxelo ezimbini kwintshayelelo yekhowudi ezichaza ngokucacileyo:
Kwaye wandise kumhlathi wokuqala ongentla, umhlathi B31.3.300(b)(1) ikwathi: “Umnini wofakelo lombhobho nguye yedwa onoxanduva lokuthobela le Khowudi kunye nokuseka uyilo, ulwakhiwo, ukuhlolwa, ukuhlolwa, kunye neemfuno zovavanyo ezilawula konke ukuphathwa kolwelo okanye inkqubo apho umbhobho uyinxalenye yawo.Ukuhlohla.”Ke, emva kokubeka imithetho esisiseko yemfanelo kunye neemfuno zokuchaza iindidi zenkonzo yolwelo, makhe sibone ukuba igesi yehydrogen ingena phi.
Ngenxa yokuba irhasi yehidrojeni isebenza njengolwelo oluguquguqukayo olunokuvuza, irhasi yehidrojeni inokuthathwa njengolwelo oluqhelekileyo okanye ulwelo loDidi M oluphantsi kodidi B31.3 lwenkonzo yolwelo.Njengoko kuchazwe ngasentla, ulwahlulo lokuphathwa kwamanzi luyimfuno yomnini, ngaphandle kokuba ludibana nezikhokelo kwiindidi ezikhethiweyo ezichazwe kwi-B31.3, umhlathi 3. 300.2 Iinkcazo kwicandelo elithi "Iinkonzo ze-Hydraulic".Oku kulandelayo ziinkcazelo zenkonzo yolwelo eqhelekileyo kunye nenkonzo yolwelo yodidi M:
“Inkonzo yeFluid eqhelekileyo: Inkonzo yolwelo esebenzayo kuninzi lwemibhobho exhomekeke kule khowudi, okt ayixhomekeke kwimigaqo yeeklasi D, M, ubushushu obuphezulu, uxinzelelo oluphezulu, okanye ukucoceka kolwelo oluphezulu.
(1) Ubutyhefu bolwelo bukhulu kangangokuba ukuvezwa okukodwa kwisixa esincinane kakhulu solwelo olubangelwa kukuvuza kunokubangela ukwenzakala okunzulu okusisigxina kwabo baphefumlayo okanye badibane nalo, nokuba kuthatyathwa amanyathelo okubuyisela ngokukhawuleza.ithathiwe
(2) Emva kokuqwalasela uyilo lombhobho, amava, iimeko zokusebenza, kunye nendawo, umnini-ndlu ugqiba kwelokuba iimfuno zokusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kolwelo azanelanga ukunika ukuqina okuyimfuneko ukukhusela abasebenzi ekuchanabekeni.”
Kule nkcazo ingentla ye-M, igesi ye-hydrogen ayihambelani nemilinganiselo yomhlathi (1) kuba ayithathwa njengolwelo olunetyhefu.Nangona kunjalo, ngokusebenzisa icandelwana (2), iKhowudi ivumela ulwahlulo lweesistim zehydraulic kwiklasi M emva koqwalaselo olufanelekileyo “…uyilo lwemibhobho, amava, iimeko zokusebenza kunye nendawo…” Umnini uvumela ukumiselwa kokuphathwa kolwelo oluqhelekileyo.Iimfuno azanelanga ukuhlangabezana nemfuno yomgangatho ophezulu wokuthembeka kuyilo, ukwakhiwa, ukuhlola, ukuhlolwa kunye nokuvavanya iinkqubo zemibhobho yegesi ye-hydrogen.
Nceda ujonge kwiTheyibhile yoku-1 phambi kokuxoxa ngoBubushushu obuPhezulu be-Hydrogen Corrosion (HTHA).Iikhowudi, imigangatho, kunye nemimiselo zidweliswe kule theyibhile, ebandakanya amaxwebhu amathandathu ngesihloko se-hydrogen embrittlement (HE), i-corrosion anomaly eqhelekileyo equka i-HTHA.I-OH ingenzeka kumaqondo aphantsi kunye naphezulu.Ithathwa njengohlobo lokutya, lunokuqaliswa ngeendlela ezininzi kwaye luchaphazela uluhlu olubanzi lwezinto.
I-HE ineendlela ezahlukeneyo, ezinokuthi zihlulwe zibe yi-hydrogen cracking (HAC), i-hydrogen stress cracking (HSC), i-stress corrosion cracking (SCC), i-hydrogen corrosion cracking (HACC), i-hydrogen bubbling (HB), i-hydrogen cracking (HIC).)), i-stress oriented hydrogen cracking (SOHIC), i-progressive cracking (SWC), i-sulfide stress cracking (SSC), i-soft zone cracking (SZC), kunye nokushisa okuphezulu kwe-hydrogen corrosion (HTHA).
Ngeyona ndlela ilula, i-hydrogen embrittlement yindlela yokutshatyalaliswa kwemida yeenkozo zetsimbi, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni i-ductility ngenxa yokungena kwe-athomu ye-hydrogen.Iindlela ekwenzeka ngayo oku ziyahlukahlukana kwaye ngokuyinxenye ichazwa ngamagama abo, ezifana HTHA, apho ubushushu obuphezulu ngaxeshanye kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu hydrogen kufuneka embrittlement, kunye SSC, apho hydrogen athom iveliswa njengeegesi ezivaliweyo kunye hydrogen.ngenxa yokubola kwe-asidi, bangena kwiimeko zetsimbi, ezinokukhokelela ekubeni brittleness.Kodwa isiphumo esipheleleyo siyafana kuzo zonke iimeko ze-hydrogen embrittlement echazwe ngasentla, apho amandla esinyithi ancitshiswa ngo-embrittlement ngaphantsi koluhlu oluvumelekileyo loxinzelelo, nto leyo ibeka inqanaba lesiganeko esinokuba yintlekele sinikwe ukuguquguquka kolwelo.
Ngaphandle kobunzima bodonga kunye nokusebenza ngokubambisana komatshini, kukho izinto ezimbini eziphambili ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhetha izixhobo zenkonzo yegesi ye-H2: 1. Ukubonakaliswa kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu le-hydrogen (HTHA) kunye ne-2. Iinkxalabo ezinzulu malunga nokuvuza okunokwenzeka.Zombini ezi zihloko kusaxoxwa ngazo.
Ngokungafaniyo ne-molekyuli ye-hydrogen, i-athomu ye-hydrogen inokwandisa, iveze i-hydrogen kubushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo, idala isiseko se-HTHA enokubakho.Phantsi kwezi meko, i-athom ye-athom ye-hydrogen iyakwazi ukusasazeka kwiimathiriyeli ze-carbon steel piping okanye izixhobo, apho isabela ngekhabhoni kwisisombululo sesinyithi ukwenza igesi ye-methane kwimida yengqolowa.Ayinakukwazi ukuphunyuka, igesi iyanda, idala iintanda kunye neengqungquthela kwiindonga zemibhobho okanye iinqanawa - le yi-HTGA.Ungabona ngokucacileyo iziphumo ze-HTHA kuMfanekiso 2 apho ukuqhekeka kunye nokuqhekeka kubonakala kudonga lwe-8.Inxalenye yobungakanani obuqhelekileyo (NPS) umbhobho ongaphumeleliyo phantsi kwezi meko.
Intsimbi yekhabhoni ingasetyenziselwa inkonzo yehydrogen xa ubushushu bokusebenza bugcinwe bungaphantsi kwama-500°F.Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, i-HTHA yenzeka xa irhasi yehydrogen ibanjwa kuxinzelelo oluyinxenye kunye nobushushu obuphezulu.Intsimbi yeCarbon ayikhuthazwa xa i-hydrogen inxenye yoxinzelelo ilindeleke ukuba ibe malunga ne-3000 psi kwaye ubushushu bungaphezulu kwe-450 ° F (leyo yimeko yengozi kuMfanekiso 2).
Njengoko kunokubonwa kwisakhiwo sikaNelson esilungisiweyo kuMfanekiso 3, ngokuyinxenye ethathwe kwi-API 941, ubushushu obuphezulu bunempembelelo enkulu ekunyanzelweni kwe-hydrogen.Uxinzelelo lwerhasi yeHydrojeni inxenye inokugqithisa i-psi eyi-1000 xa isetyenziswa ngeentsimbi zekhabhoni ezisebenza kumaqondo obushushu ukuya kuma-500°F.
Umzobo 3. Le tshati kaNelson elungisiweyo (ethathwe kwi-API 941) ingasetyenziselwa ukukhetha izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zenkonzo ye-hydrogen kumaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo.
Kwikhiwane.I-3 ibonisa ukhetho lweentsimbi eziqinisekisiweyo ukuba zigweme ukuhlaselwa kwe-hydrogen, kuxhomekeke kwiqondo lokushisa lokusebenza kunye noxinzelelo lwe-hydrogen.I-Austenitic stainless steels ayinaluvelwano kwi-HTHA kwaye zizinto ezanelisayo kuwo onke amaqondo obushushu kunye noxinzelelo.
I-Austenitic 316/316L insimbi engenasici yeyona nto isebenzayo kwizicelo ze-hydrogen kwaye inerekhodi eqinisekisiweyo.Ngelixa unyango lwe-post-weld heat heat (PWHT) lunconywa ukuba iintsimbi zekhabhoni zibale i-hydrogen eshiyekileyo ngexesha le-welding kunye nokunciphisa indawo echaphazelekayo yokushisa (HAZ) ukuqina emva kwe-welding, ayifuni i-austenitic stainless steels.
Iziphumo ze-thermothermal ezibangelwa unyango lokushisa kunye ne-welding zinempembelelo encinci kwiipropati ze-mechanical ze-austenitic stainless steels.Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza okubandayo kunokuphucula iimpawu zemishini ye-austenitic stainless steels, njengamandla kunye nobunzima.Xa ukugoba kunye nokwenza imibhobho kwi-austenitic stainless steel, iimpawu zabo zomatshini zitshintsha, kubandakanywa nokuncipha kweplastiki yezinto.
Ukuba i-austenitic stainless steel idinga ukubunjwa okubandayo, isisombululo se-annealing (ukufudumala ukuya malunga ne-1045 ° C elandelwa kukucima okanye ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza) kuya kubuyisela iimpawu zomatshini wezinto eziphathekayo kumaxabiso azo okuqala.Kwakhona kuya kuphelisa ulwahlulo lwe-alloy, i-sensitization kunye nesigaba se-sigma esifunyenwe emva kokusebenza okubandayo.Xa usenza isisombululo se-annealing, qaphela ukuba ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza kunokubuyisela uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo kwimathiriyeli ukuba ayiphathwanga kakuhle.
Jonga kwiitheyibhile GR-2.1.1-1 I-Piping kunye ne-Tubing Assembly Material Specification Index kunye ne-GR-2.1.1-2 i-Piping Material Specification Index kwi-ASME B31 yokukhethwa kwezinto ezamkelekileyo zenkonzo ye-H2.imibhobho yindawo elungileyo yokuqala.
Ngobunzima obuqhelekileyo be-athomu ye-1.008 ye-athomu ye-atomic units (amu), i-hydrogen iyona nto ilula kunye neyona nto incinci kwitafile ye-periodic, kwaye ngoko ke inomgangatho ophezulu wokuvuza, kunye nemiphumo enobungozi, ndinokongeza.Ke ngoko, inkqubo yemibhobho yerhasi kufuneka iyilwe ngendlela yokunqanda ukudityaniswa kohlobo lomatshini kunye nokuphucula ezo zidibaniso zifuneka ngokwenene.
Xa unciphisa iindawo ezivuzayo ezinokubakho, isixokelelwano kufuneka sidityaniswe ngokudityanisiweyo ngokupheleleyo, ngaphandle koqhagamshelo oluneflangi kwisixhobo, izakhi zemibhobho kunye nezifakelo.Uqhagamshelwano olunemisonto kufuneka luphetshwe kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ukuba alukho ngokupheleleyo.Ukuba imidibaniso enemisonto ayinakuthintelwa nangaso nasiphi na isizathu, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uzibandakanye ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kokutywinwa komsonto kwaye emva koko utywine i-weld.Xa usebenzisa umbhobho wentsimbi yekhabhoni, amalungu ombhobho kufuneka adityaniswe nge-butt kwaye aphathwe ubushushu be-post weld (PWHT).Emva kwe-welding, imibhobho kwindawo echaphazelekayo ukushisa (HAZ) ibonakaliswe ekuhlaselweni kwe-hydrogen nakwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi.Nangona ukuhlaselwa kwe-hydrogen kwenzeka ngokuyinhloko kumaqondo aphezulu, inqanaba le-PWHT liya kunciphisa ngokupheleleyo, ukuba alipheli, le nto inokwenzeka naphantsi kweemeko ezingqongileyo.
Inqaku elibuthathaka lenkqubo yonke-welding ludibaniso lweflange.Ukuqinisekisa umgangatho ophezulu wokuqina kwi-flange uxhumano, i-Kammprofile gaskets (umzobo 4) okanye olunye uhlobo lwe-gaskets kufuneka lusetyenziswe.Yenziwe phantse ngendlela efanayo ngabavelisi abaninzi, le pad ixolela kakhulu.Iqulathe amakhonkco entsimbi yonke enamazinyo adityaniswe phakathi kwezinto ezithambileyo nezinokonakala.Amazinyo agxininise umthwalo webholithi kwindawo encinci ukuze anike ukuqina okuqinileyo kunye noxinzelelo oluncinci.Yenziwe ngendlela yokuba ikwazi ukuhlawula umphezulu weflange ongalinganiyo kunye neemeko zokusebenza eziguquguqukayo.
Umzobo 4. I-Kammprofile gaskets inentsimbi yentsimbi edibeneyo kumacala omabini kunye ne-soft filler.
Enye into ebalulekileyo kwingqibelelo yenkqubo yivalve.Ukuvuza okujikeleze i-stem seal kunye neeflange zomzimba yingxaki yokwenyani.Ukuthintela oku, kucetyiswa ukuba ukhethe ivalve ene-bellows seal.
Sebenzisa i-intshi enye.Isikolo se-80 carbon steel pipe, kumzekelo wethu ongezantsi, sinikwe ukunyamezela kokuvelisa, ukubola kunye nokunyamezela koomatshini ngokuhambelana ne-ASTM A106 Gr B, uxinzelelo oluphezulu oluvumelekileyo lokusebenza (MAWP) lunokubalwa ngamanyathelo amabini kumaqondo okushisa ukuya kwi-300 ° F (Qaphela : Isizathu sokuba "... ngenxa yokushisa ukuya kwi-300º00 ye-Asterio ye-Asterio ye-Asterio ye-1 ye-Asterio ye-Asterio ye-1 ye-AsterioF evumela i-Asterio ye-1 ye-stress ..." iqondo xa iqondo lobushushu lingaphezulu kwe-300ºF.(S), ngoko ke iNxaka (1) ifuna Lungisa ubushushu obungaphezulu kwe-300ºF.)
Ngokubhekiselele kwifomula (1), inyathelo lokuqala kukubala umbhobho wokugqabhuka kwethiyori yoxinzelelo.
T = ubukhulu bodonga lombhobho kuthatyathwe oomatshini, umhlwa kunye nokunyamezelana kwemveliso, ngee-intshi.
Inxalenye yesibini yenkqubo kukubala ubuninzi obuvumelekileyo boxinzelelo olusebenzayo lwe-Pa yombhobho ngokusebenzisa ukhuseleko lwe-S f kwisiphumo se-P ngokwe-equation (2):
Ke, xa usebenzisa 1″ imathiriyeli yesikolo 80, uxinzelelo olugqabhukileyo lubalwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
I-Sf yokhuseleko ye-4 isetyenziswa ngokuhambelana ne-ASME Pressure Vessel Recommendations iCandelo VIII-1 2019, umhlathi 8. UG-101 ubalwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Isiphumo sexabiso le-MAWP yi-810 psi.i-intshi ibhekisa kumbhobho kuphela.Uxhulumaniso lwe-flange okanye icandelo elinomlinganiselo ophantsi kakhulu kwinkqubo iya kuba yinto efunekayo ekunqumeni uxinzelelo oluvumelekileyo kwinkqubo.
Nge-ASME B16.5, uxinzelelo oluphezulu oluvumelekileyo lokusebenza kwi-150 carbon steel flange fittings yi-285 psi.intshi ku -20°F ukuya kwi100°F.Udidi lwe-300 lunoxinzelelo oluphezulu oluvumelekileyo lokusebenza lwe-740 psi.Oku kuya kuba ngumda woxinzelelo lwenkqubo ngokuhambelana nomzekelo wezinto eziphathekayo ongezantsi.Kwakhona, kuphela kwiimvavanyo ze-hydrostatic, ezi xabiso zinokudlula amaxesha angama-1.5.
Njengomzekelo wesiseko se-carbon steel material specification, i-H2 ye-gas service line specification esebenza kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi kwe-design pressure ye-740 psi.intshi, inokuqulatha iimfuno zemathiriyeli eziboniswe kwiThebhile 2. Ezi zilandelayo ziintlobo ezinokufuna ukuqwalaselwa ukuba zibandakanywe kwingcaciso:
Ngaphandle kombhobho ngokwawo, kukho izinto ezininzi ezenza isixokelelwano semibhobho efana nezinto zokufakelwa, iivalvu, izixhobo zomgca, njl.Oku kubhaliwe.