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Shan Sui-Chongqing Railway gangara a matsayin bincike abu, ƙasa resistivity, ƙasa electrochemistry (lalata yuwuwar, redox m, m gradient da pH), ƙasa anions (total soluble salts, Cl-, SO42- da) da ƙasa Gina Jiki. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran dalilai, ruwa yana da babban tasiri a kan lalatar tsarin kariya ta gangara, sannan kuma abun ciki na anion. Jimlar gishiri mai narkewa yana da matsakaicin tasiri a kan lalatawar net ɗin kariyar gangara, kuma madaidaicin halin yanzu yana da matsakaicin tasiri a kan lalatawar ƙasa na samfurin kariya na slopehly. an kimanta, kuma lalatawar da ke kan gangara na sama ya kasance matsakaici, kuma lalata a kan tsaka-tsaki da ƙananan gangara yana da ƙarfi. Halin kwayoyin halitta a cikin ƙasa yana da alaƙa da mahimmanci tare da yuwuwar gradient.Ya samu nitrogen, samuwa potassium da phosphorus samuwa sun kasance suna da alaƙa da anions.
Yayin da ake gina layin dogo, manyan tituna da wuraren kiyaye ruwa, galibi ba za a iya kaucewa bude tsaunuka ba, saboda tsaunukan kudu maso yammacin kasar Sin, aikin gina layin dogo na kasar Sin yana bukatar hako dutse da yawa, yana lalata kasa da ciyayi na asali, yana haifar da tudu mai duwatsu da ba a bayyana ba. Girgizar kasa ta Wenchuan ta 2008. Zabtarewar kasa ta zama bala'in girgizar kasa da aka yadu sosai1. A shekarar 2008 da aka yi nazari kan manyan titunan gangar jikinsu na lardin Sichuan mai nisan kilomita 4,243, an samu munanan bala'o'in girgizar kasa 1,736 a gadajen tituna da ganuwar da ke kan gangara, wanda ya kai kashi 39.76 cikin dari na adadin tsawon lokacin da aka gudanar. geohazards na iya wucewa na akalla shekaru 10 (Girgizar kasar Taiwan) har ma idan dai tsawon shekaru 40-50 (Girgizar Kanto a Japan) 4,5.Gradient shine babban abin da ya shafi girgizar kasa hazard6,7.Saboda haka, wajibi ne a kula da gangaren hanya da kuma karfafa kwanciyar hankali. Tsire-tsire suna taka rawar da ba za a iya maye gurbinsu da su ba tare da shimfidar wurare 8. gangara, gangaren dutse ba su da tarin abubuwan gina jiki irin su kwayoyin halitta, nitrogen, phosphorus, da potassium, kuma ba su da yanayin ƙasa da ake bukata don ci gaban ciyayi.Saboda dalilai irin su babban gangara da yashwar ruwan sama, ƙasa mai gangara tana da sauƙi a rasa. Yanayin gangaren yana da tsauri, ba shi da yanayin da ake bukata don shuka tsiro, da kwanciyar hankali don kare ƙasan ƙasa. gangara shine fasahar sake dawo da yanayin muhalli da aka saba amfani da ita a cikin ƙasata. Ƙasar wucin gadi da ake amfani da ita don spraying ta ƙunshi dutse da aka niƙa, ƙasar gona, bambaro, taki, wakili mai riƙe ruwa da m (adhesives da aka fi amfani da su sun haɗa da siminti na Portland, manne Organic da emulsifier kwalta) a cikin wani yanki. anchor bolts, kuma a karshe fesa ƙasa wucin gadi dauke da tsaba a kan gangara tare da wani musamman sprayer. The 14 # Diamond-dimbin yawa karfe raga da aka cikakken galvanized akasari amfani, tare da raga misali na 5cm × 5cm da diamita na 2mm. The karfe raga yana ba da damar ƙasa matrix don samar da wani m monolithic slab a kan dutsen digiri. The karfe a cikin ƙasa zai zama corrode. Lalacewa ya dogara da halayen ƙasa.Kimanin abubuwan da ke lalata ƙasa yana da mahimmanci don kimanta zaizayar ƙasa da ke haifar da rushewar ragamar ƙasa da kuma kawar da haɗarin zaizayar ƙasa.
An yi imanin cewa tushen tsire-tsire yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen daidaita gangara da kuma kula da zaizawar ƙasa10,11,12,13,14.Don daidaita gangaren gangara daga zabtarewar ƙasa, ana iya amfani da ciyayi domin tushen tsiron na iya gyara ƙasa don hana zabtarewar ƙasa15,16,17.Cire ciyayi, musamman bishiyoyi, yana taimakawa wajen hana ƙasa mai zurfi. a kaikaice tushen tsarin shuke-shuke da cewa aiki a matsayin ƙarfafa tara a cikin ƙasa.The ci gaban tushen gine-gine alamu ne kore ta kwayoyin halitta, da kasar gona yanayi taka wani hukunci rawa a cikin wadannan matakai.Lalata zuwa karafa bambanta da ƙasa muhalli20.The mataki na lalata da karafa a cikin ƙasa iya Range daga fairly m rushe zuwa negligible ƙasa impact2soil ne sosai daban-daban daga halitta sakamakon "The halitta kasa da sakamakon sosai daban-daban". na mu'amala tsakanin waje yanayi da daban-daban kwayoyin a kan dubun miliyoyin shekaru22,23,24.Kafin woody ciyayi samar da wani barga tushen tsarin da muhalli, ko karfe raga hade da dutse gangara da wucin gadi ƙasa iya aiki a amince da kai tsaye alaka da ci gaban na halitta tattalin arziki, da aminci na rayuwa da kuma inganta muhalli muhalli.
Duk da haka, lalata karafa na iya haifar da hasara mai yawa. A cewar wani bincike da aka gudanar a kasar Sin a farkon shekarun 1980 game da injunan sinadarai da sauran masana'antu, asarar da gurbataccen karfe ke haifarwa ya kai kashi 4% na jimillar darajar kayan da ake fitarwa.Saboda haka, yana da matukar muhimmanci a yi nazari kan tsarin lalata da kuma daukar matakan kariya don gina tattalin arziki, daskararrun ma'adanai, da kuma hadaddun kwayoyin halittu. Metabolites na iya lalata kayan aiki, kuma karkatattun igiyoyin ruwa na iya haifar da lalata.Saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci a hana lalata karafa da aka binne a cikin ƙasa. A halin yanzu, bincike kan lalata ƙarfe da aka binne ya fi mai da hankali kan (1) abubuwan da suka shafi lalata ƙarfe da aka binne25; (2) hanyoyin kariya na karfe26,27; (3) hanyoyin hukunci don matakin lalata ƙarfe28; Lalata a kafofin watsa labarai daban-daban.Duk da haka, duk ƙasan da aka gudanar a cikin binciken na halitta ne kuma sun sami isassun hanyoyin samar da ƙasa.Duk da haka, babu wani rahoto kan zaizayar ƙasa ta wucin gadi na gangaren dutsen dogo.
Idan aka kwatanta da sauran m kafofin watsa labarai, wucin gadi ƙasa yana da halaye na illiquidity, heterogeneity, seasonality da Regionality.Metal lalata a wucin gadi kasa ne lalacewa ta hanyar electrochemical hulda tsakanin karafa da wucin gadi kasa.In Bugu da kari ga innate dalilai, da kudi na karfe lalata kuma dogara a kan kewaye muhalli yanayi.A iri-iri na dalilai shafi karfe lalata akayi daban-daban ko a hade da oxygen abun ciki, kamar damshi abun ciki da kuma karfe abun ciki, kamar jimlar abun ciki, danshi da abun ciki na oxygen. abun ciki, pH, ƙasa microbes30,31,32.
A cikin shekaru 30 na aikin, tambayar yadda za a adana ƙasa na wucin gadi a kan gangaren dutse ya kasance matsala33. Bushes ko bishiyoyi ba za su iya girma a kan wasu gangara ba bayan shekaru 10 na kulawa da hannu saboda yashwar ƙasa. An wanke datti a saman ragamar karfe a wasu wurare.Saboda lalata, wasu shinge na karfe sun fashe kuma sun ɓace a kan ƙasa na yanzu da ƙasa). gangara lalata, yafi mayar da hankali a kan lalata na Railway substation grounding grid, ɓata halin yanzu lalata generated da haske dogo, da kuma lalata na Railway gadoji34,35, waƙoƙi da sauran abin hawa equipment36.There sun kasance ba rahotanni na lalata na Railway gangara kariya karfe raga.This takarda nazarin da wucin gadi dutsen da roba raga.This takarda nazarin da jiki na wucin gadi dutsen da sinadari Supertiyu. Hanyar jirgin ƙasa, da nufin yin hasashen lalata ƙarfe ta hanyar tantance kaddarorin ƙasa da samar da tushe mai ma'ana da aiki don maido da yanayin yanayin ƙasa da sabuntawar wucin gadi.Slope wucin gadi.
Wurin gwajin yana cikin yankin tuddai na Sichuan (30°32′N, 105°32′E) kusa da tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Suining. Yankin yana tsakiyar tsakiyar tekun Sichuan, tare da ƙananan tsaunuka da tuddai, tare da tsarin ƙasa mai sauƙi da ƙasa mai faɗi. Zazzagewar ƙasa, yankewa da tara ruwa yana haifar da ɓarna mai zurfi. yafi purple yashi da mudstone.The mutunci ne matalauta, da kuma dutse ne a blocky tsarin.The binciken yankin yana da subtropical m damina yanayi tare da yanayi halaye na farkon spring, zafi rani, short kaka da kuma marigayi hunturu.The ruwan sama ne mai yawa, da haske da zafi albarkatun ne mai yawa, da sanyi-free lokaci ne dogon (285 kwanaki a kan talakawan), da sauyin yanayi ne matsakaicin zafin jiki na 7 ° C na shekara-shekara. watan (Agusta) shine 27.2 ° C, kuma matsakaicin matsakaicin zafin jiki shine 39.3 ° C. Watan mafi sanyi shine Janairu (matsakaicin zafin jiki shine 6.5 ° C), matsakaicin matsakaicin zafin jiki shine -3.8 ° C, matsakaicin matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara shine 920 mm, galibi yana mai da hankali ne a cikin Yuli da Agusta. Ruwan sama a bazara, bazara, kaka da hunturu yana bambanta sosai. Adadin ruwan sama a kowace kakar shekara shine 19-21%, 51-54%, 22-24% da 4-5% bi da bi.
Wurin binciken wani gangare mai nisan kusan 45° akan gangaren Yu-Sui Railway da aka gina a shekarar 2003. A watan Afrilun 2012, ya fuskanci kudu tsakanin kilomita 1 na tashar jirgin kasa ta Suining. A na halitta gangara da aka yi amfani da matsayin control.The muhalli maido da gangara rungumi dabi'ar kasashen waje topdressing ƙasa spraying fasaha ga muhalli restoration.A cewar tsawo daga cikin Railway gefen gangara gangara, da gangara za a iya raba upslope, tsakiyar gangara da downslope (Fig. 2) .Tun da kauri daga cikin yanke a cikin oda na wucin gadi pollusion na pollusion cm 10. kayayyakin da ƙasa karfe raga, mu kawai amfani da bakin karfe felu ya dauki kasar gona surface 0-8cm.Four replicates aka saita ga kowane gangara matsayi, tare da 15-20 bazuwar samfurin maki da replicate.Each kwafi ne cakuda 15-20 da ka ƙaddara daga S-dimbin yawa line samfurin maki.Its0 sabo ne samfurin baya da polyethylene to5. ziplock jakunkuna don sarrafawa.Kasar tana busasshen iska ne ta dabi'a, sannan a fitar da tsakuwa da sauran dabbobi da tsire-tsire, a niƙa su da itacen agate, sannan a yi waƙa da raga 20, ragargaza nailan 100 ban da ƙananan barbashi.
An auna juriyar ƙasa ta VICTOR4106 gwajin juriya na ƙasa wanda Kamfanin Shengli Instrument Company ya samar; an auna juriya na ƙasa a cikin filin; An auna danshi na ƙasa ta hanyar bushewa.DMP-2 mai ɗaukar hoto na dijital mv / pH kayan aiki yana nuna babban shigarwar shigarwa don auna ƙarfin lalata ƙasa. Hanyar EDTA Titration kai tsaye, hanya mai nuna alama sau biyu don ƙayyade ƙasa carbonate da bicarbonate, hanyar dichromate oxidation dumama hanya don ƙayyade tsarin kwayoyin halitta, hanyar watsawa na alkaline don ƙayyade ƙasa alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, H2SO4-HClO4 narkewa Mo-Sb colorimetric Hanyar Total phosphorus a cikin ƙasa da samuwa abun ciki na phosphorus a cikin ƙasa an ƙaddara ta hanyar OlCOsen Hanyar / 0.5H. ƙaddara ta sodium hydroxide fusion-flame photometry.
An tsara bayanan gwajin da farko. An yi amfani da SPSS Statistics 20 don yin ma'ana, daidaitaccen karkatacciyar hanya, ANOVA ta hanya ɗaya, da kuma nazarin alaƙar ɗan adam.
Teburin 1 yana gabatar da kaddarorin electromechanical, anions da abubuwan gina jiki na ƙasa tare da gangara daban-daban. Ƙwararrun yuwuwar lalata, juriya na ƙasa da yuwuwar haɓakar gabas-yamma na gangara daban-daban duk sun kasance masu mahimmanci (P <0.05) .Maganin redox na ƙasa, tsakiyar gangara da gangaren yanayi sun kasance masu mahimmanci (P <0.05) . gradient, is upslope> downslope>tsakiyar gangara.The ƙasa pH darajar ya kasance a cikin tsari na downslope>hawa>tsakiyar gangara>natural gangara.Total mai narkewa gishiri, na halitta gangara ya muhimmanci mafi girma fiye da Railway gangara (P <0.05) The total soluble gishiri abun ciki na ƙasa na uku-grade Railway / 50 mg. matsakaicin tasiri a kan lalata ƙarfe. Abubuwan kwayoyin halitta na ƙasa sun kasance mafi girma a cikin gangaren yanayi kuma mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin gangaren ƙasa (P <0.05) . Jimlar abun ciki na nitrogen shine mafi girma a tsakiyar gangara kuma mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin tudu; abun ciki na nitrogen da aka samu shine mafi girma a cikin gangaren ƙasa da tsakiyar gangara, kuma mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin gangaren yanayi; jimlar abun ciki na nitrogen na titin jirgin ƙasa sama da gangaren ƙasa ya kasance ƙasa, amma abubuwan da ake samu na nitrogen ya fi girma.Wannan yana nuna cewa adadin ma'adinan nitrogen na sama da ƙasa yana da sauri.
Ƙasa resistivity ne wani index nuna lantarki watsin da kuma wani asali siga ga yin hukunci ƙasa lalata.Facts shafi ƙasa resistivity hada da danshi abun ciki, total soluble gishiri abun ciki, pH, ƙasa texture, zazzabi, Organic kwayoyin halitta abun ciki, ƙasa zafin jiki, da tightness.Generally magana, kasa tare da low resistivity ne mafi m, kuma mataimakin versa.Amfani da resistivity zuwa hukunci ƙasa corrosivity ne fiye da amfani da kasa corrosivity kasashe. ma'aunin kimantawa na kowane ma'auni guda ɗaya37,38.
Dangane da sakamakon gwajin da ma'auni a cikin ƙasata (Table 1), idan an kimanta lalata ƙasa ta hanyar juriya na ƙasa kawai, ƙasar da ke kan gangaren tudu tana da lalacewa sosai; Ƙasar da ke kan gangaren ƙasa tana da matsakaicin lalata; Lalacewar ƙasa a kan gangara ta tsakiya da gangaren yanayi ba ta da rauni sosai.
Rashin juriya na ƙasa na gangaren tudu yana da ƙasa da ƙasa fiye da na sauran sassa na gangaren, wanda zai iya haifar da yashwar ruwan sama. The topsoil on upslope gudãna zuwa tsakiyar gangara tare da ruwa, sabõda haka, upslope karfe gangara kariya net yana kusa da topsoil.Wasu daga cikin karfe meshes da aka fallasa har ma da dakatar a cikin iska (Figure 1). tazarar tazarar ya kai mita 3; Tari zurfin tuki ya kasa 15cm.Bare karfe raga da peeling tsatsa iya tsoma baki tare da auna results.Saboda haka, shi ne unreliable zuwa kimanta ƙasa lalata kawai ta ƙasa resistivity index.In da m kimantawa na lalata, da ƙasa resistivity na upslope ba a la'akari.
Saboda tsananin zafi da ake da shi, iskar danshi na tsawon shekaru a yankin Sichuan yana sa ragamar karfe da aka fallasa iska ta lalace sosai fiye da ragamar da aka binne a cikin kasa. da ƙasa.A lokaci guda, shuka girma kuma iya inganta ƙasa ingancin da kuma ƙara abun ciki na humus a cikin ƙasa, wanda ba zai iya kawai riƙe ruwa, amma kuma samar da yanayi mai kyau ga girma da kuma haifuwa na dabbobi da shuke-shuke, game da shi rage ƙasa asarar.Saboda haka, a farkon mataki na gina, mafi woody tsaba ya kamata a sown a kan upslope, da ruwa-retaining ƙasa wakili ya kamata a rufe tare da fim din da cewa ya kamata a ci gaba da kara da cewa za a kare da zaizayar kasa. ruwan sama.
Matsakaicin lalata abu ne mai mahimmanci wanda ke shafar lalatawar ragamar kariya ta gangara a kan gangaren matakai guda uku, kuma yana da tasiri mafi girma a kan tudu mai tsayi (Table 2) . A karkashin yanayi na al'ada, yiwuwar lalata ba ya canzawa da yawa a cikin yanayin da aka ba da shi. Ana iya haifar da canji mai mahimmanci ta hanyar raƙuman ruwa. Matsakaicin magudanar ruwa yana nuni ga igiyoyin ruwa 1ak da 4 a cikin hanyar ƙasa lokacin da 40 ke amfani da ƙasa. Tsarin sufuri na jama'a.Tare da haɓaka tsarin sufuri, tsarin sufuri na ƙasata ya sami babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki, kuma lalatawar karafa da aka binne ta hanyar ɗigogi na kai tsaye daga layin dogo na lantarki ba za a iya watsi da su ba.A halin yanzu, ana iya amfani da yuwuwar ƙasa don sanin ko ƙasa ta ƙunshi ɓarna a halin yanzu.Lokacin da yuwuwar ƙasa ta yi ƙasa da ƙasa a halin yanzu. lokacin da m gradient yana cikin kewayon 0.5 mv / m zuwa 5.0 mv / m, ɓataccen halin yanzu yana da matsakaici; lokacin da m gradient ya fi girma fiye da 5.0 mv / m , matakin da ya ɓace yana da girma. Ƙimar da ke kan ruwa na m gradient (EW) na tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsaki, sama-sauyi da ƙasa an nuna shi a cikin Hoto 3. Dangane da kewayon iyo, akwai madaidaicin raƙuman ruwa a cikin gabas-maso-yamma da arewa-kudu, wani muhimmin mahimmanci na tsakiya na tsakiya. lalatar ragamar ƙarfe a tsakiyar gangara da gangaren ƙasa, musamman a tsakiyar gangara.
Gabaɗaya, ƙasa redox m (Eh) sama da 400 mV nuna oxidizing ikon, sama 0-200 mV ne matsakaici rage ikon, kuma a kasa 0 mV ne babban rage ikon.The ƙananan ƙasa redox m, da mafi girma da lalata ikon ƙasa microorganisms zuwa metals44.It ne zai yiwu a hango ko hasashen da Trend na ƙasa microbial lalata da binciken da uku redox. gangara ya fi 500 mv, kuma matakin lalata ya kasance ƙananan ƙananan.Ya nuna cewa yanayin iska na ƙasa na ƙasa mai gangara yana da kyau, wanda ba shi da kyau ga lalata kwayoyin anaerobic a cikin ƙasa.
Nazarin da suka gabata sun gano cewa tasirin pH na ƙasa akan yashwar ƙasa yana bayyane.Tare da haɓaka ƙimar pH, ƙimar ƙarancin ƙarfe na kayan ƙarfe yana da tasiri sosai.Soil pH yana da alaƙa da yankin da microorganisms a cikin ƙasa45,46,47.Generally magana, tasirin pH na ƙasa akan lalata kayan ƙarfe a cikin ƙasan alkaline kaɗan, ƙasa alkaline ba a bayyane yake ba. Sakamakon pH akan lalatawar ragar ƙarfe yana da rauni.
Kamar yadda za a iya gani daga Table 3, binciken da aka kwatanta ya nuna cewa yiwuwar redox da matsayi na gangara suna da alaƙa da mahimmanci (R2 = 0.858), haɓakar lalata da kuma m gradient (SN) suna da alaƙa mai mahimmanci (R2 = 0.755), da kuma yiwuwar redox da m gradient (SN) suna da alaƙa da mahimmanci (R2 = 0.858). An sami mummunar dangantaka mai mahimmanci tsakanin yuwuwar da pH (R2 = -0.724) . Matsayin gangaren yana da alaƙa da mahimmanci tare da yiwuwar redox. Wannan yana nuna cewa akwai bambance-bambance a cikin microenvironment na wurare daban-daban na gangara, kuma ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙasa suna da dangantaka da redox potential48, 49, 50. Wannan redox 5 yana nuna dangantaka mai mahimmanci tare da pH5. Eh dabi'u ba koyaushe suna canzawa daidai ba yayin aiwatar da redox na ƙasa, amma yana da alaƙar mizani mara kyau. Karfe lalata yuwuwar na iya wakiltar ikon dangi don samun da rasa electrons.Ko da yake yuwuwar lalata ta kasance da alaƙa da alaƙa da yuwuwar gradient (SN), yuwuwar gradient na iya haifar da sauƙin asarar electrons ta ƙarfe.
Ƙasa total soluble gishiri abun ciki ne a hankali alaka da ƙasa corrosivity.Generally magana, da mafi girma da ƙasa salinity, da ƙananan ƙasa resistivity, don haka kara da ƙasa resistance.In ƙasa electrolytes, ba kawai da anions da sãɓãwar launukansa jeri, amma kuma da lalata tasiri ne yafi carbonates, chlorides da sulfates.In Bugu da kari, jimlar mai narkewa gishiri abun ciki na cikin ƙasa tasiri tasiri a kan sauran dalilai, kamar yadda a cikin ƙasa, da kuma a cikin sauran abubuwa, da kuma sauran lalacewa ta hanyar corrosion. yuwuwar lantarki a cikin ƙarfe da ƙasa oxygen solubility53.
Mafi yawa daga cikin mai narkewa gishiri-dissociated ions a cikin ƙasa ba su kai tsaye shiga a electrochemical halayen, amma shafi karfe lalata ta hanyar ƙasa resistivity.The mafi girma da ƙasa salinity, da karfi da ƙasa conductivity da kuma karfi da ƙasa erosion.The ƙasa salinity abun ciki na halitta gangara ne muhimmanci mafi girma fiye da na Railway gangara, wanda zai iya zama saboda da gaskiyar cewa shi ne mai arziki a cikin ruwa da ruwa. conservation.Wani dalili na iya zama cewa gangaren dabi'a ta sami samuwar ƙasa balagagge (kayan ƙasa iyaye da aka kafa ta hanyar dutsen yanayi), amma ƙasan gangaren layin dogo ta ƙunshi gutsuttsuran dutse da aka murƙushe a matsayin matrix na “ƙasar wucin gadi”, kuma ba ta sami isasshen tsarin samar da ƙasa ba. Ba a saki ma'adanai ba. Bugu da ƙari, ions gishiri a cikin ƙasa mai zurfi na gangaren yanayi ya tashi ta hanyar aikin capillary a lokacin da ake fitar da ruwa da kuma tarawa a cikin ƙasa mai zurfi, wanda ya haifar da karuwa a cikin abun ciki na ions gishiri a cikin ƙasa mai zurfi.
ions masu kyau (irin su K +, Na +, Ca2 +, Mg2 +, Al3 +, da dai sauransu) ba su da tasiri a kan lalata ƙasa, yayin da anions suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin lalata na electrochemical kuma suna da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan lalata ƙarfe. mafi girma da Cl- abun ciki, da karfi da ƙasa lalata.SO42- ba kawai inganta lalata na karfe, amma kuma haifar da lalata a cikin wasu kankare kayan54.Haka kuma ya lalata baƙin ƙarfe.A cikin jerin gwaje-gwajen ƙasa acid, adadin lalata da aka samu ya zama daidai da ƙasa acidity55.Chloride da sulfate su ne manyan sassa na soluble salts. sun nuna cewa lalata nauyi asarar carbon karfe a cikin alkaline kasa ne kusan daidai da Bugu da kari na chloride da sulfate ions56,57.Lee et al. gano cewa SO42- na iya hana lalata, amma inganta haɓakar ramukan lalata da suka riga sun kafa58.
Bisa ga ma'auni na kimanta lalacewar ƙasa da sakamakon gwajin, abun ciki na chloride ion a cikin kowane samfurin ƙasa mai gangara ya kasance sama da 100 MG / kg, yana nuna lalata ƙasa mai ƙarfi. Abubuwan da ke cikin sulfate ion na duka gangaren sama da ƙasa ya kasance sama da 200 MG / kg kuma ƙasa da 500 mg / kg, kuma ƙasa tana da matsakaicin matsakaiciyar ƙasa. ƙasa da 200mg / kg, kuma lalata ƙasa yana da rauni. Lokacin da matsakaicin ƙasa ya ƙunshi babban taro, zai shiga cikin amsawa kuma ya samar da sikelin lalata a saman na'urar lantarki ta ƙarfe, ta haka yana rage jinkirin haɓakar lalata. yayin da maida hankali ya ci gaba da karuwa, ma'aunin lalata ya rufe saman na'urar lantarki na karfe, kuma yawan lalata ya sake nuna yanayin jinkiri59. Binciken ya gano cewa adadin da ke cikin ƙasa ya kasance ƙasa kuma don haka ba shi da wani tasiri a kan lalata.
Dangane da Tebu 4, alaƙar da ke tsakanin gangara da anions na ƙasa ya nuna cewa akwai kyakkyawar alaƙa mai kyau tsakanin gangara da ions chloride (R2=0.836), da kyakkyawar alaƙa mai kyau tsakanin gangara da jimlar gishiri mai narkewa (R2=0.742).
Wannan yana nuna cewa zubar da ruwa da kuma yashwar ƙasa na iya zama alhakin canje-canje a cikin jimlar gishiri mai narkewa a cikin ƙasa.There was a significant m correlation tsakanin total soluble salts da chloride ions, wanda zai iya zama saboda total soluble salts ne pool na chloride ions, da abun ciki na jimlar mai narkewa salts kayyade abun ciki na chloride ions a cikin ƙasa mafita iya sanin cewa corlopes iya zama mai tsanani mafita. sashin raga na karfe.
Kwayoyin halitta, jimlar nitrogen, da ake samu na nitrogen, akwai phosphorus da potassium da ake samu su ne ainihin abubuwan gina jiki na ƙasa, wanda ke shafar ingancin ƙasa da kuma shayar da sinadarai ta hanyar tushen tsarin. Kayan abinci na ƙasa shine muhimmin abu da ya shafi kwayoyin halitta a cikin ƙasa, don haka yana da kyau a yi nazari ko akwai dangantaka tsakanin kayan abinci na ƙasa da lalata karfe. An kammala Suiyu Railway a cikin shekaru 2003, wanda ke nufin cewa kwayoyin halitta kawai sun sami damar yin amfani da ƙasa. musamman na ƙasa na wucin gadi, wajibi ne a sami kyakkyawar fahimtar abubuwan gina jiki a cikin ƙasa na wucin gadi.
A binciken ya nuna cewa kwayoyin halitta abun ciki ne mafi girma a cikin halitta gangara ƙasa bayan da dukan ƙasa samuwar tsari.The low- gangara ƙasa Organic kwayoyin abun ciki shi ne mafi ƙasƙanci.Due ga rinjayar weathering da surface runoff, ƙasa na gina jiki zai tara a kan tsakiyar gangara da ƙasa- gangara, forming wani lokacin farin ciki Layer na humus.Duk da haka, saboda da kananan barbashi da kuma matalauta kwanciyar hankali na Organic kwayoyin da aka samu sauƙi da microorganisms binciken da low-slopecom. Tsakanin gangara da ƙasa-tsayi ciyayi ɗaukar hoto da bambance-bambancen sun kasance mai girma, amma kamanni ya yi ƙasa kaɗan, wanda zai iya haifar da rarraba kayan abinci mara kyau.
A alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen abun ciki na sama- gangara, tsakiyar- gangara da ƙasa- gangara Railways kasance mafi girma fiye da cewa na halitta gangara, nuna cewa Organic nitrogen mineralization kudi na Railway gangara ya muhimmanci mafi girma fiye da cewa na halitta gangara.The karami da barbashi, da mafi m da ƙasa tsarin, da sauki shi ne a cikin kwayoyin halitta da kwayoyin da mafi girma ga kwayoyin halitta da kwayoyin halitta da kwayoyin halitta da kwayoyin halitta da kwayoyin halitta. pool of mineralized Organic nitrogen60,61.Consistent with the results of the 62 study, the content of small particle aggregates in the ground of Railway slopes was significantly above that of natural slopes.Saboda haka, dole ne a dauki matakan da suka dace don ƙara yawan abun ciki na taki, kwayoyin halitta da nitrogen a cikin ƙasa na gangaren dogo na ƙasa, da kuma inganta yanayin da ake samu ta hanyar amfani da potassium ta hanyar amfani da phosphorus. ya kai kashi 77.27% zuwa 99.79% na jimlar asarar gangaren layin dogo. Ruwan sama na iya zama babban sanadin asarar sinadiran da ake samu a cikin kasa mai gangara 63,64,65.
Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Table 4, akwai kyakkyawar dangantaka mai kyau tsakanin gangara matsayi da kuma samuwa phosphorus (R2 = 0.948), da kuma dangantaka tsakanin gangara matsayi da samuwa potassium ya kasance iri daya (R2 = 0.898) .Ya nuna cewa gangara matsayi yana rinjayar abun ciki na samuwa phosphorus da samuwa potassium a cikin ƙasa.
Gradient wani muhimmin al'amari ne da ya shafi ƙasa kwayoyin halitta abun ciki da nitrogen enrichment66, da kuma karami da gradient, da mafi girma da arziki rate.Ga ƙasa na gina jiki wadatar, da gina jiki asarar da aka raunana, da kuma sakamakon gangara matsayi a kan ƙasa Organic kwayoyin halitta abun ciki da kuma jimlar nitrogen wadata ba a fili.Different iri da lambobi na shuke-shuke a kan daban-daban gangaren gangara suna da fa'ida ta daban-daban tushen Organic acid. phosphorus da potassium akwai a cikin ƙasa.Saboda haka, an sami alaƙa mai mahimmanci tsakanin matsayi na gangara da samuwan phosphorus, da matsayi na gangara da samuwan potassium.
Don bayyana dangantakar dake tsakanin abubuwan gina jiki na ƙasa da lalata ƙasa, ya zama dole don nazarin daidaituwa. Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Table 5, yiwuwar redox ya kasance da alaka da rashin daidaituwa tare da samar da nitrogen (R2 = -0.845) kuma yana da kyau sosai tare da samuwa phosphorus (R2 = 0.842) da kuma samuwa potassium (R2 = 0.980) da kuma samuwa potassium (R2 = 0.980), da ingancin redox na jiki yawanci ya shafi kaddarorin sunadarai. na ƙasa, sa'an nan kuma yana rinjayar jerin kaddarorin ƙasa.Saboda haka, yana da muhimmiyar mahimmanci wajen ƙayyade jagorancin canji na gina jiki na ƙasa67.Different redox quality zai iya haifar da jihohi daban-daban da kuma samuwa na abubuwan abinci.
Baya ga kaddarorin ƙarfe, yuwuwar lalata kuma yana da alaƙa da kaddarorin ƙasa. Rushewar yuwuwar ya kasance da alaƙa da alaƙa da alaƙa da ƙwayoyin halitta, yana nuna cewa ƙwayoyin halitta suna da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan yuwuwar lalata. ion..Akwai maƙasudi mara kyau tsakanin ƙasa pH da samuwan potassium (R2 = -0.728).
Rasu nitrogen da aka muhimmanci barnatar da dangantaka da total soluble salts da chloride ions, da samuwa phosphorus da samuwa potassium an muhimmanci gaskiya dangantaka tare da total soluble salts da chloride ions.Wannan ya nuna cewa samuwa na gina jiki abun ciki muhimmanci rinjayar adadin jimlar mai narkewa salts da chloride ions a cikin ƙasa, da kuma anions a cikin ƙasa ba su da conducive zuwa ga tarawa na gina jiki na nitrogen a cikin ƙasa. ion, da kuma muhimmanci tabbatacce dangantaka da bicarbonate, nuna cewa jimlar nitrogen yana da tasiri a kan abun ciki na sulfate da bicarbonate. Tsire-tsire da kadan bukatar sulfate ions da bicarbonate ions, don haka mafi yawansu su ne free a cikin ƙasa ko tunawa da ƙasa colloid. humus a cikin ƙasa yana da amfani don rage lalata ƙasa.
Ƙasa wani tsari ne mai rikitarwa da kaddarorin. Lalacewar ƙasa shine sakamakon aikin haɗin gwiwa na abubuwa da yawa. Sabili da haka, ana amfani da cikakkiyar hanyar kimantawa gabaɗaya don kimanta lalata ƙasa.Tare da la'akari da "Code for Geotechnical Engineering Investigation" (GB50021-94) da kuma hanyoyin gwaji na China Soil Corrosion Test Network, da ƙasa lalata sa za a iya comprehensively kimanta bisa ga wadannan ka'idoji: (1) The kimantawa ne kawai rauni, idan akwai rauni da lalata yanayin. lalata ko lalata mai ƙarfi; (2) idan babu ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, ana kimanta shi azaman lalata mai matsakaici; (3) idan akwai wuri ɗaya ko biyu na lalata mai ƙarfi, ana kimanta shi azaman lalata mai ƙarfi; (4) idan akwai wurare 3 ko fiye na lalata mai ƙarfi, ana kimanta shi azaman lalata mai ƙarfi don lalata mai ƙarfi.
Dangane da juriya na ƙasa, yuwuwar redox, abun ciki na ruwa, abun ciki na gishiri, ƙimar pH, da abun ciki na Cl- da SO42, abubuwan lalata na samfuran ƙasa a gangara daban-daban an kimanta su gabaɗaya. Sakamakon bincike ya nuna cewa ƙasa a kan duk gangara suna da lalacewa sosai.
Lalata yuwuwar wani muhimmin al'amari ne da ke shafar lalatawar net ɗin kariya ta gangara. Ƙarfafawar lalatawar tudu guda uku duk sun kasance ƙasa da -200 mv, wanda ke da tasiri mafi girma akan lalatar ragar ƙarfe na sama. gangara, musamman a kan gangaren tsakiya. Jimlar abun ciki mai narkewa mai narkewa a cikin ƙasa na sama, na tsakiya da ƙananan gangara sun kasance sama da 500 mg / kg, kuma tasirin lalata akan gidan yanar gizon kariyar gangara ya kasance matsakaici. Abun cikin ruwa na ƙasa yana da mahimmancin abin da ke shafar lalatawar ƙarfe na ƙarfe a tsakiyar gangara da gangaren gangaren ƙasa, kuma yana da mafi girman tasirin kariya. mai yawa a tsakiyar ƙasa mai gangara, yana nuna cewa ana yawan ayyukan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da saurin girma shuka.
Binciken ya nuna cewa yuwuwar lalata, m gradient, jimlar gishiri mai narkewa da abun ciki na ruwa sune manyan abubuwan da ke shafar lalata ƙasa a kan gangara guda uku, kuma ana ƙididdige lalacewar ƙasa da ƙarfi. lalata, sauƙaƙe shuka girma, kuma a ƙarshe daidaita gangaren.
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