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Kutora Sui-Chongqing njanji yakatsetseka sechinhu chekutsvagisa, resistivity yevhu, electrochemistry yevhu (corrosion potential, redox potential, potential gradient and pH), anions yevhu (total soluble salts, Cl-, SO42- uye) nevhu Nutrition. giredhi rekuora rinoongororwa zvichienderana nezviratidziro zvega zvega uye zviratidzo zvakakwana zvevhu rakagadzirwa. Zvichienzaniswa nezvimwe zvinhu, mvura ine simba guru pakuora kwemambure ekudzivirira materu, ichiteverwa neanion content.Munyu wose unonyunguduka une simba riri pakati nepakati pakuora kwemateru ekudzivirira mambure, uye kunyura kwazvino uno kunokanganisa mambure ekudzivirira. net.Dhigirii yecorrosion yezvienzaniso zvevhu yakaongororwa zvizere, uye kukoromoka pamateru ekumusoro kwaive kuri pakati nepakati, uye kukora kwepakati nepakati pemateru kwaive kwakasimba.Iyo organic matter muvhu yakanyatsoenderana nekukwanisa kuita gradient.Inowanikwa nitrogen, potassium inowanika uye inowanikwa nefosforasi inoenderana zvakanyanya nevhu. slope type.
Pakuvaka njanji, migwagwa mikuru uye zvivako zvekuchengetedza mvura, kuvhurika kwemakomo kunowanzova kusingadzivisiki.Nekuda kwemakomo ari kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero, kuvakwa kwechitima cheChina kunoda kuchera kwakawanda kwegomo.Inoparadza ivhu rekutanga uye zvinomera, zvichiita kuti pave nematombo akajeka.Mamiriro ezvinhu aya anotungamirira kune kuputika kwevhu uye kuputika kwevhu, nokudaro kutyisidzira kutakurwa kwemigwagwa, kunyanya kutyisidzira kutakura kwemigwagwa. 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake.Kukoromoka kwevhu kwave kwakapararira uye kwakakomba kudengenyeka kwenyika1. Muongororo ye2008 yemakiromita 4,243 emigwagwa mikuru muSichuan, pakanga paine njodzi dzinotyisa dze1,736 dzekudengenyeka kwenyika mumigwagwa uye madziro ekuchengetedza madziro, achiverengera 39.76% yehurefu hwakazara hwekuongorora. geohazards inogona kugara kweinenge 10 makore (Taiwan kudengenyeka) uye kunyange kwenguva yakareba 40-50 makore (Kanto earthquake muJapan)4,5.Gradient ndicho chinhu chikuru chinokanganisa kudengenyeka kwepasi6,7.Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuchengetedza mugwagwa uye kusimbisa kugadzikana kwayo.Miti inotamba irreplaceable kuchengetedzwa kwevhu uye recpered landscape8. materu, materu ematombo haana kuunganidzwa kwezvinhu zvinovaka muviri zvakadai seorganic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, uye potassium, uye haana nharaunda yevhu inodiwa pakukura kwezvinomera.Nekuda kwezvinhu zvakaita semateru makuru uye kukukurwa kwemvura, ivhu remateru rinorasika nyore.Nzvimbo yakatsetseka yakaoma, inoshaya mamiriro ekukura kwechirimwa, inoshaya mamiriro ekukura kwezvirimwa. kupfapfaidza nehwaro hwezvinhu kuvhara ivhu kudzivirira kutsetseka ndiyo inowanzoshandiswa kuterika ecological restoration tekinoroji munyika yangu. Ivhu rekugadzira rinoshandiswa pakupfapfaidza rinoumbwa nematombo akapwanyika, ivhu repapurazi, mashanga, fetereza yekomboni, inochengetedza mvura uye anonamira (anowanzo shandiswa adhesives anosanganisira Portland simende, organic emuhundi yekugadzira glue uye organic simbi inonamira. tanga waisa waya ine minzwa padombo, wozogadzirisa waya ine minzwa nemabhaudhi eanchor, wozopedzisira wapfapfaidza ivhu rakagadzirwa rine mhodzi pamateru neasprayer yakakosha.Iyo 14# yedhaimondi-yakaita sesimbi mesh iyo yakazara marita ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa, ine mesh mwero we5cm×5cm uye dhayamita resimbi rinoita 2mm mesh mesh. pamusoro pedombo.Mambure esimbi achaora muvhu, nokuti ivhu pacharo ielectrolyte, uye dhigirii rekuora rinoenderana nemaitiro eivhu.Kuongororwa kwezvikonzero zvekuora kwevhu kunokosha zvikuru pakuongorora kukukurwa kwesimbi kunokonzerwa nevhu uye kubvisa njodzi dzekukoromoka kwevhu.
Midzi yemiti inotendwa kuti inoita basa rakakosha mukudzikamisa materu uye kudzora kukurwa kwevhu10,11,12,13,14.Kudzikamisa materu kubva pakuondomoka kwevhu kusina kudzika, zvinomera zvinogona kushandiswa nokuti midzi yechirimwa inogona kugadzirisa ivhu kudzivirira kukoromoka kwevhu15,16,17.Mapango emiti anobatsira kudzivirira miti isina kusviba, kunyanya miti yakaoma. the vertical and lateral root systems yemiti inoita semirwi inosimbisa muvhu.Kuvandudzwa kwemidzi yekuvaka mapatani kunotungamirirwa nemajini, uye nharaunda yevhu inoita basa rakasimba mumaitiro aya.Corrosion to metals inosiyana nemamiriro evhu20.The degree of corrosion of metals in soil can range from fairly rapidly dissolution to the realised21 ivhu risingabvumike. kuumbwa kwevhu remusikirwo kunokonzerwa nekubatana pakati pekunze kwekunze uye zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana pamusoro pemakumi emamiriyoni emakore22,23,24.Pamberi pemiti yemiti inoumba midzi yakagadzikana yemidzi uye ecosystem, kana mesh yesimbi yakasanganiswa nedombo uye ivhu rekugadzira rinogona kushanda zvakachengeteka rinoenderana zvakananga nekuvandudzwa kwehupenyu hwehupenyu uye kuchengetedzwa kwehupfumi hwehupenyu, kuchengetedzwa kwekuchengetedzwa kwehupfumi hwehupenyu.
Zvisinei, kuora kwesimbi kunogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kukuru. Maererano neongororo yakaitwa muChina mukutanga kwema1980 pamakemikari emuchina nemamwe maindasitiri, kurasikirwa kunokonzerwa nekuora kwesimbi kunopa 4% yehuwandu hwehuwandu hunobuda. microorganisms.Microbial metabolites inogona corrode zvinhu, uye anorasika dzemvura anogonawo kukonzera ngura.Naizvozvo, zvinokosha kudzivirira ngura masimbi akavigwa muvhu.At ikozvino, tsvakurudzo pamusoro akavigwa ngura simbi inonyanya kutarira (1) zvinhu zvinokanganisa kuvigwa simbi corrosion25; (2) nzira dzekudzivirira simbi26,27; (3) nzira dzekutonga dzechiyero chesimbi corrosion28; Kuora mumidhiya yakasiyana-siyana.Zvisinei, ivhu rose muchidzidzo chacho rakanga riri remusikirwo uye rakanga raita maumbirwo evhu akakwana.Zvisinei, hapana mushumo pamusoro pekukukurwa kwevhu rakagadzirwa kwematombo enjanji.
Kana ichienzaniswa nedzimwe nhepfenyuro dzinoparadza, ivhu rekugadzira rine maitiro ekusaita, heterogeneity, seasonality uye regionity.Metal corrosion muvhu rekugadzira inokonzerwa ne electrochemical interactions pakati pesimbi nevhu rekugadzira.Kuwedzera kune zvinhu zvakazvarwa, chiyero chesimbi corrosion chinoenderanawo nenharaunda yakapoteredza.Kusiyana kwezvinhu zvakadai, kusanganiswa kweokisijeni, kusvibiswa kwesimbi kana kusanganiswa kweokisijeni kune imwe neimwe. soluble salt content, anion uye metal ion content, pH, ivhu microbes30,31,32.
Mumakore makumi matatu ekudzidzira, mubvunzo wekuchengetedza zvachose ivhu rakagadzirwa pamatombo ane matombo rave riri dambudziko33. Mashrubs kana miti haigoni kukura pane mamwe materu mushure memakore gumi ekuchengetedza kwemaoko nekuda kwekukukurwa kwevhu. Tsvina iri pamusoro pesimbi mesh yakashambidzwa kune dzimwe nzvimbo.Nekuda kwekuora kwevhu kwakatsemuka uye simbi yakarasika pasi payo yose yakarasika. 1) .Parizvino, tsvakiridzo pamusoro pekuora kwenjanji yakatsetseka inonyanya kutarisisa pakuora kwenjanji substation grounding grid, kurasika kwazvino kunogadzirwa nenjanji yakareruka, nekuora kwemabhiriji enjanji34,35, njanji nemimwe midziyo yemotokari36.Pakave pasina mishumo yekuora kwemarara echitima chesimbi yemagetsi, kemikari yesimbi yekudzivirira kwesimbi yemagetsi. zvimiro zvevhu rekugadzira pamawere akadziva kumadokero kwedombo reSuiyu Railway, nechinangwa chekufungidzira kuparara kwesimbi nekuongorora zvimiro zvevhu uye kupa dzidziso uye hunoshanda hwaro hwekudzoreredza ecosystem yevhu uye artificial restoration.Slope artificial.
Nzvimbo yekuedza iri munzvimbo ine makomo yeSichuan (30 ° 32'N, 105 ° 32'E) pedyo neSuining Railway Station. Nzvimbo iyi iri pakati peSichuan Basin, ine makomo akadzika uye zvikomo, ine nyore geological structure uye nzvimbo yakati sandara. overburden inonyanya kushava jecha uye mudstone.Kuvimbika kwakashata, uye dombo iri blocky structure.Inzvimbo yekudzidza ine subtropical humid monsoon weather ine mwaka maitiro ekutanga kwechirimo, kupisa kwezhizha, matsutso mapfupi uye kupera kwechando.Kunaya kwemvura kwakawanda, chiedza uye kupisa zviwanikwa zvakawanda, chando-isina chando nguva yakareba paavhareji, tembiricha yegore negore irefu (285 mild) 17.4 ° C, muvhareji wekushisa wemwedzi unopisa zvikuru (August) ndeye 27.2 ° C, uye yakanyanyisa kupisa kwekushisa ndeye 39.3 ° C. Mwedzi unotonhora zvikuru ndiJanuary (avhareji yekushisa ndeye 6.5 ° C), iyo yakanyanya kuderera tembiricha ndeye -3.8 ° C, uye avhareji yemvura inonaya gore negore ndeye 920 mm, kunyanya kunyanya muchirimo, matsutso, matsutso, matsutso uye matsutso. Huwandu hwekunaya kwemvura mumwaka wega wega wegore i19-21%, 51-54%, 22-24% ne4-5% zvakatevedzana.
Nzvimbo yekutsvakurudza inzvimbo yakatsetseka inenge 45 ° pamateru eYu-Sui Railway yakavakwa muna 2003. Muna April 2012, yakatarisana nechekumaodzanyemba mukati me1 km yeSuining Railway Station. The natural slope was used as a control.The ecological restoration of the slope adopts the foreign topdressing ivhu spraying technology for ecological restoration.Maererano nehupamhi hwenjanji divi yakatsetseka, mutserendende unogona kukamurwa kuva upslope, mid-slope and downslope (Fig. 2) Sezvo ivhu rakacheka pamusoro pe 0cm . kuitira kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwezvinhu zvakasvibiswa zvevhu resimbi mesh, tinongoshandisa foshoro yesimbi isina tsvina kuti titore ivhu pamusoro pe0-8cm.Mapepa mana akaiswa panzvimbo imwe neimwe yakatsetseka, ine 15-20 random sampling points per replicate.Replicate imwe neimwe isanganiswa ye 15-20 randomped mutsara uremu hwe50000 magiramu.Dzonzai masampuli kurabhoritari mumabhegi epolyethylene ziplock kuti agadziriswe.Ivhu rinongoomeswa nemhepo, uye masara ematombo nemhuka nezvirimwa anonhongwa, ndokupwanywa neagate stick, uye kusefa ne20-mesh, 100-mesh naironi sieve kunze kwezvidimbu zvakakasharara.
Ivhu rekudzivirira rakayerwa neVICTOR4106 grounding resistance tester yakagadzirwa neShengli Instrument Company; kupikisa kwevhu kwakayerwa mumunda; hunyoro hwevhu hwakayerwa nenzira yekuomesa.DMP-2 inotakurika digitaalinen mv/pH chiridzwa chine high input impedance yekuyera ivhu corrosion potential.Potential gradient and redox potential by DMP-2 portable digital mv/pH, total soluble salt in ivhu yakatemwa neresidue drying method, chloride tiiation ion method in AgNOhr soil sulfate content yakatemwa neindirect EDTA Titration method, double indicator titration nzira yekuona ivhu carbonate nebicarbonate, potassium dichromate oxidation heat method yekuona ivhu organic matter, alkaline solution diffusion nzira yekuona ivhu alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, H2SO4-HClO4 digestion Mo-Sb colorimetric ivhu uye Ol phosphorus colorimetric nzira yevhu yakawanikwa neOl phosphorus ivhu. mol/L NaHCO3 mhinduro seinobvisa), uye yakazara potassium zviri muvhu zvakatemwa nesodium hydroxide fusion-flame photometry.
Data yekuedza yakatanga kurongeka.SPSS Statistics 20 yakashandiswa kuita zvinoreva, kutsauka kwemaitiro, nzira imwe chete ANOVA, uye kuongorora kuwirirana kwevanhu.
Tafura 1 inopa zvinhu zve electromechanical, anions uye zvinovaka muviri zvevhu rine mitsetse yakasiyana-siyana.Iyo inogona kukanganisa, ivhu resistivity uye kumabvazuva-kumavirira kukwanisa gradient yematope akasiyana-siyana zvose zvakakosha (P <0.05) .The redox mikana yekuburuka, pakati-kutsetseka uye kutsetseka kwechisikigo kwakanga kwakakosha (P <0. 0.05 kusvika parindi, the perpeent is the perdient). maodzanyemba-south angangoita gradient, ari upslope>downslope>pakati akatenuka.Ivhu pH value yaive muhurongwa hwekudzika>kukwira>pakati pemawere>natural slope.Total soluble salt, natural slope was very higher than railway slope (P <0.005) .The total soluble soil MG/kg, uye munyu wose unonyungudika une mwero mugumisiro pakuora kwesimbi.Ivhu organic zvinhu zviri pakakwirira akanga akakwirira mumheremhere yakasikwa uye yakaderera pakudzika kwakadzika (P <0.05) .Iyotrojeni yose yehuwandu ndiyo yaiva yepamusoro-soro mukati memateru epakati uye yakaderera pamateru ekukwira; iyo yaiwanikwa nitrogen yemukati yaive yepamusoro-soro muzasi uye pakati pemateru, uye yakaderera mumateremu echisikigo; iyo nitrogen yakazara yenjanji inokwira nekudzika yaive yakaderera, asi yaiwanikwa nitrogen yemukati yaive yakakwira.Izvi zvinoratidza kuti kukwira nekudzika kwe organic nitrogen mineralization rate inokurumidza.Inowanikwa potassium content yakafanana nephosphorus inowanikwa.
Soil resistivity indekisi inoratidza conductivity yemagetsi uye inokosha parameter yekutonga ivhu corrosion.Zvikonzero zvinokanganisa ivhu rekudzivirira zvinosanganisira hunyoro, huwandu hunonyungudika munyu, pH, ivhu rekugadzirwa kwevhu, tembiricha, organic matter content, ivhu tembiricha, uye tightness.Kazhinji kutaura, ivhu rine low resistivity rinowedzera corrosion, uye vice versa.Kushandisa commonly soluble salt content to judge 1 nyika. corrosivity giredhi yekuongorora maitiro kune imwe neimwe index37,38.
Zvinoenderana nemhedzisiro yekuyedzwa uye zviyero munyika yangu (Table 1), kana corrosive yevhu ichiongororwa chete nekudzivirira kwevhu, ivhu riri pamawere ekumusoro rinoora zvakanyanya; ivhu riri pamateru ekudzika rinoita ngura zvine mwero; iyo ivhu corrosiveness iri pakati nepakati uye kutsetseka kwechisikigo kwakaderera kuderera.
Ivhu resistivity yekukwira kumawere kwakadzikira zvakanyanya pane mamwe mativi emutsetse, izvo zvingave zvichikonzerwa nekukukurwa kwemvura. Ivhu repamusoro riri pakakwirira rinoyerera richienda kumawere epakati nemvura, kuitira kuti upslope metal slope protection net iri pedyo nepamusoro pevhu.Mamwe ma meshes esimbi akayerwa akaiswa pachena uye akamira pamhepo. site; mirwi yakaparadzana yaiva 3m; murwi wekutyaira wakadzika waiva pasi pe 15cm.Bare metal mesh uye peeling rust inogona kupindira nemigumisiro yekuyera.Saka, hazvivimbiki kuongorora kuora kwevhu chete nevhu rekudzivirira index.Mukuongorora kwakazara kwekuora, ivhu rekudzivirira reupslope harifungi.
Nekuda kwehunyoro hwepamusoro, mhepo inonyorova isingaperi munzvimbo yeSichuan inokonzera kuti mesh yesimbi iri pachena kumhepo iparare zvakanyanya kupfuura mesh yesimbi yakavigwa muvhu39.Kuratidzwa kwewaya mesh kumhepo kunogona kukonzera kuderera kwehupenyu hwesevhisi, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa ivhu rekukwira.Kurasikirwa kwevhu kunogona kuita kuti zviome kune zvinomera, kunyanya kushaikwa kwemiti yemiti, kuomesa midzi yemiti, kuti iite midzi yakaoma. Panguva imwecheteyo, kukura kwechirimwa kunogonawo kuvandudza kunaka kwevhu uye kuwedzera zviri mu humus muvhu, izvo zvisingagoni kuchengetedza mvura chete, asiwo zvinopa nzvimbo yakanaka yekukura nekubereka kwemhuka nezvirimwa, nokudaro kuderedza kurasikirwa kwevhu. kukukurwa kwevhu rekumusoro nemvura inonaya.
Iko kukanganisa kwehutu chinhu chinokosha chinokanganisa kuparara kwemambure ekudzivirira kutsetseka pamateru matatu-level, uye ine simba guru pamateru ekukwira (Table Table 2) .Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akajairika, simba rekuora harishanduki zvakanyanya munzvimbo yakapiwa.Kuchinja kunoonekwa kunogona kukonzerwa nemhepo yakarasika.Sray currents kupinda mumigwagwa ye40, 40, 24 yezvino inoreva mugwagwa. uye svikiro revhu apo motokari dzinoshandisa hurongwa hwekutakura vanhu.Nekuvandudzwa kwehurongwa hwekufambisa, nzira yekufambisa njanji yenyika yangu yakawana magetsi makuru, uye kuparara kwesimbi yakavigwa inokonzerwa nekudonha kwezvino kubva kumagetsi emagetsi hakugoni kufuratirwa.Parizvino, ivhu rinogona kushandiswa gradient rinogona kushandiswa kuona kana ivhu rine kuderera kwepasi. mv/m, iyo yakarasika ikozvino yakaderera; apo iyo inogona gradient iri pakati pe 0.5 mv/m kusvika 5.0 mv/m, inorasika ikozvino iri pakati; kana iyo gradient yakakura kupfuura 5.0 mv/m, nhanho yemazuva ano yakakwira.Kuyerera kweiyo inogona gradient (EW) yepakati-yakatenuka, kumusoro-inotsvedza uye yakadzika-inodzika inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 3.Panyaya yeinoyangarara, kune mafungu ari pakati nepakati anorasika ari kumabvazuva-kumavirira kwakadziva kumadokero, nechokuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero. ikozvino chinhu chakakosha chinokanganisa kuparara kwesimbi meshes pakati pe-slope uye pasi-slope, kunyanya pakati pe-slope.
Kazhinji, ivhu redox simba (Eh) pamusoro pe400 mV rinoratidza kukwanisa oxidizing, pamusoro pe 0-200 mV inyanzvi yekudzikisa yepakati, uye pasi pe 0 mV yakakura kuderedza kukwanisa.Iyo yakaderera ivhu redox simba, hukuru hwekuora kwehupukanana hwevhu kusvika kusimbi44.Zvinogoneka kufanotaura mafambiro eivhu rekuongorora redox redox redox. kukwanisa kwemateru matatu kwakanga kwakakura kudarika 500 mv, uye chiyero chekuora chakanga chiri chiduku zvikuru.Inoratidza kuti mamiriro emhepo yemhepo yevhu yevhu yakatsetseka yakanaka, iyo isingaiti kune kuora kweanaerobic microorganisms muvhu.
Ongororo dzakapfuura dzakaona kuti kukanganiswa kwevhu pH pakukurwa kwevhu kuri pachena.Nekushanduka kwepH kukosha, chiyero chekuora kwezvinhu zvesimbi zvinonyanya kukanganiswa.Ivhu pH rinonyatsoenderana nenzvimbo uye ma microorganisms ari muvhu45,46,47.Kazhinji kutaura, kuitika kwevhu pH pakuora kwezvinhu zvesimbi muvhu remvura rine alkaline zvose zviri pachena. alkaline, saka mhedzisiro yepH pakuora kwesimbi mesh haina simba.
Sezvinogona kuonekwa kubva kuTable 3, kuongororwa kwekugadzirisa kunoratidza kuti redox inogona kuitika uye nzvimbo yakatsetseka yakanyatsobatanidzwa zvakanaka (R2 = 0.858), iyo inogona kuparara uye iyo inogona kuitika (SN) yakanyatsobatanidzwa zvakanaka (R2 = 0.755), uye redox inogona uye iyo inogona kuitika (SN0) zvakanyanya (SN0) zvakanyanya (R2 = 0.755). Ikoko kwakanga kune kuwirirana kwakashata kwakashata pakati pezvinogona uye pH (R2 = -0.724) .Nzvimbo yakatsetseka yakanyatsobatanidzwa zvakanaka neiyo redox inogona.Izvi zvinoratidza kuti kune misiyano mu microenvironment yenzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzakatenuka, uye ma microorganisms evhu anonyatsobatana ne redox potential48, 49, 50.Iyi hukama husina kunaka50. kuti pH neEh values ​​hadzina kugara dzichichinja synchronously panguva yevhu redox process, but had a negative linear relationship.Metal corrosion potential inogona kumiririra kugona kwekuwana nekurasikirwa neelectrons.Kunyange zvazvo kugona kwekuora kwaive kwakabatana zvakanyanya neinogoneka gradient (SN), iyo inogona kuitika inogona kukonzerwa nekurasikirwa kuri nyore kwemaerekitironi nesimbi.
Ivhu rakazara munyu rinonyungudika rine hukama zvakanyanya nevhu.Kunyanya kutaura, kukwira kwemunyu kwevhu, kunoderedza ivhu rekudzivirira, nokudaro kuwedzera kusimba kwevhu.Muvhu electrolytes, kwete chete anions uye zvakasiyana-siyana, asiwo maitiro ekuora anonyanya kukonzerwa carbonates, chlorides uye sulfates.Mukuwedzera, ivhu rinonyunguduka rinokanganisa zvimwe zvinhu zvinonyunguduka kuburikidza nemunyu. mhedzisiro ye electrode inogona musimbi uye ivhu kunyungudika kweokisijeni53.
Zvizhinji soluble munyu-dissociated ions muvhu havaiti zvakananga kubatanidzwa electrochemical reactions, asi kukanganisa simbi ngura kuburikidza ivhu resistivity.The yakakwirira ivhu salinity, simba ivhu conductivity uye kusimba ivhu erosion.The ivhu salinity kugutsikana dzinongoitika materu zvikuru akakwirira kupfuura njanji materu, izvo zvingava nokuda kwokuti maslopecive akapfuma muvhu. uye kuchengetedza mvura.Chimwe chikonzero chingava chokuti kutsetseka kwechisikigo kwakasangana nekugadzirwa kwevhu rakakura (ivhu revabereki rinoumbwa nematombo emamiriro ekunze), asi njanji yevhu yakatsetseka inoumbwa nezvidimbu zvematombo zvakapwanyika sematrix ye "artificial ivhu", uye haisati yawana nzira yakakwana yekugadzira ivhu. Zvicherwa hazvina kuburitswa.Kuwedzera, maion emunyu muvhu rakadzika rematsetse echisikigo akasimuka kuburikidza necapillary action panguva yekuputika kwepamusoro uye akaungana muvhu repamusoro, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kwehuwandu hweiyoni yemunyu muvhu repamusoro.Kukora kwevhu kwechitima chenjanji hakusviki masendimita makumi maviri, zvichikonzera kusakwanisa kweivhu repamusoro kubva muvhu remunyu kusvika pakuwedzera.
Positive ions (zvakadai seK+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Al3+, etc.) hazvina zvazvinoita pakuora kwevhu, nepo anions ichiita basa rinokosha mukugadzirwa kwe electrochemical yekuora uye ine simba rakakura pakuora kwesimbi. iyo Cl− yakakwira, kusimba kwevhu kusimba.SO42− haingosimudziri kuora kwesimbi chete, asiwo inokonzera kuora mune zvimwe zvinhu zvekongiri54. Uyewo inoparadza iron.Mukutevedzana kwekuedza kwevhu reasidhi, chiyero chekuora chakawanikwa chichienderana nevhu acidity55.Chloride ndiyo inonyanya kusanganiswa nesalt sulcrates, sulcrates inosanganiswa nemunyu. the cavitation of metals.Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti kuora uremu kurasikirwa kwekabhoni simbi muvhu re alkaline inenge yakaenzana nekuwedzera kwe chloride uye sulfate ions56,57.Lee et al. yakaona kuti SO42- inogona kutadzisa corrosion, asi inosimudzira kuvandudzwa kwemakomba ekuora akatoumba58.
Maererano nechiyero chekuongorora kwevhu uye mhedzisiro yekuongorora, iyo chloride ion yemukati mune yega yega sampu yevhu yakatsetseka yaive pamusoro pe100 mg/kg, zvichiratidza kuora kwevhu kwakasimba.Iyoni yesulfate yekukwira nekudzika kwemateru yaive pamusoro pe200 mg/kg uye pasi pe500 mg/kg. kutsetseka kwepakati kwakaderera kupfuura 200mg/kg, uye kuparara kwevhu hakuna simba.Kana svikiro revhu rine huwandu hwepamusoro, huchabatanidzwa mukuita uye kuburitsa chiyero chekuora pamusoro pepamusoro pesimbi electrode, zvichiita kuti zvishoma nezvishoma kuderedzwa kwemarara. sezvo kusungirirwa kunoramba kuchiwedzera, chiyero chekuora chinovhara pamusoro pesimbi ye electrode, uye chiyero chekuora chinoratidza kunonoka kwemaitiro zvakare59.Chidzidzo chacho chakawana kuti huwandu huri muvhu hwakanga hwakaderera uye naizvozvo hwakanga husina simba pakuora.
Maererano neTable 4, kuwirirana pakati pemateru uye anions yevhu kwakaratidza kuti pakanga pane kuwirirana kwakanaka pakati peslope uye chloride ions (R2 = 0.836), uye kuwirirana kwakakosha pakati pemateru uye yakazara soluble salts (R2 = 0.742).
Izvi zvinoratidza kuti kuyerera kwepamusoro uye kukukurwa kwevhu kunogona kukonzera shanduko yemunyu wose unonyungudika muvhu.Pakanga paine kuwirirana kwakanaka pakati pemunyu unonyungudika wese nemaioni echloride, izvo zvinogona kunge zvichikonzerwa nekuti munyu wese unonyungudika ndiro dziva reiyo chloride ions, uye zviri mumunyu unonyunguduka unosarudza zviri mukati mechloride muvhu. kuora kwechikamu chesimbi mesh.
Organic matter, nitrogen yakazara, nitrogen inowanika, phosphorus inowanikwa uye potassium inowanika ndizvo zvinhu zvinokosha zvevhu, izvo zvinokanganisa hutano hwevhu uye kutorwa kwekudya nemidzi.Ivhu rekudya chinhu chinokosha chinokanganisa ma microorganisms muvhu, saka zvakakodzera kudzidza kana pane kuwirirana pakati pevhu rekudya uye metal corrosion. ane makore 9 chete ekugadzirisa zvinhu zvehupenyu.Nekuda kwekunyanya kwevhu rakagadzirwa, zvakakosha kuva nekunzwisisa kwakanaka kwezvokudya muvhu rakagadzirwa.
Tsvakurudzo inoratidza kuti organic matter content ndiyo yakakwirira muvhu rakatsetseka rakatsetseka mushure mekugadzirwa kwevhu rose.Ivhu rakadzika-slope ivhu organic matter content yaiva yakaderera.Nekuda kwesimba remamiriro ekunze uye pamusoro pemvura inoyerera, kudya kwevhu kuchaungana pakati pemateremu uye pasi-slope, kuumba gobvu revhu re humus.Zvisinei, nekuda kwekudzikama kwevhu kuduku-pasi nyore. yakaora nemicroorganisms.Ongororo yakawana kuti kufukidza kwezvinomera kwepakati nepasi-pasi uye kusiyana-siyana kwakanga kwakakwirira, asi homogeneity yakanga iri shoma, izvo zvingaita kuti pasave nekugovewa kusina kuenzana kwekudya kwepamusoro.Nhamba yakakora yehumus inobata mvura uye zvipenyu zvevhu zviri kushanda.Zvese izvi zvinokurumidzisa kuparara kweorganic matter muvhu.
The alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content of the up-slope, middle-slope and down-slope railways was high than the natural slope, zvichiratidza kuti the organic nitrogen mineralization rate of the railway slope was more than that of the natural slope.The diki zvidimbu, the more unstable it is the grounds to deorganisation of the microorganism, the organisation of the microorganism. aggregates, uye yakakura dziva remineralized organic nitrogen60,61.Ichienderana nemhedzisiro yeongororo ye62, zviri mukati mezvimedu zvidiki zvakaunganidzwa muvhu renjanji zvakatenuka zvakanyanya kupfuura izvo zvakasikwa zvakatenuka.Naizvozvo, matanho akakodzera anofanira kutorwa kuwedzera zviri mukati mefetereza, organic matter uye nitrogen njanji, uye kunatsiridza ivhu re nitrogen ivhu.Kuraswa kwephosphorous iripo uye potassium inowanika inokonzerwa nekuyerera kwepamusoro yakaita 77.27% kusvika 99.79% yekurasikirwa kwese kwechitima chenjanji.Kumhanya kwepamusoro kunogona kunge kuri mutyairi mukuru wekurasikirwa kwekudya kunowanika muvhu rakatenuka63,64,65.
Sezvinoratidzwa muTebhu 4, pakanga pane kuwirirana kwakakosha pakati penzvimbo yakatsetseka uye phosphorus inowanikwa (R2 = 0.948), uye kuwirirana pakati penzvimbo yakatsetseka uye potassium inowanika yakanga yakafanana (R2 = 0.898) .Inoratidza kuti nzvimbo yakatsetseka inobata zvinyorwa zve phosphorus inowanikwa uye potassium inowanikwa muvhu.
Gradient chinhu chakakosha chinokanganisa ivhu organic matter uye nitrogen enrichment66, uye iyo diki giredhi, iyo yakakura yekupfumisa mwero.Kuti ivhu riwedzere kudya kwevhu, kurasikirwa kwekudya kwakaderedzwa, uye mhedzisiro yenzvimbo yemateru pane ivhu organic zvinhu uye yakazara nitrogen kupfumisa yakanga isiri pachena.Marudzi akasiyana uye nhamba dzezvinomera pane zvakasiyana-siyana organic acids midzi organic acids. inobatsira pakugadzirisa phosphorus inowanikwa uye potassium inowanikwa muvhu.Saka, pakanga pane kuwirirana kwakakosha pakati penzvimbo yakatsetseka uye phosphorus inowanikwa, uye nzvimbo yakatsetseka uye potassium inowanikwa.
Kuti ujekese hukama huri pakati pezvokudya zvevhu uye kuparara kwevhu, zvakakosha kuongorora kuwirirana.Sezvinoratidzwa muTebhurari 5, redox inogona kunge yakashata zvakanyanya neiyo nitrogen inowanikwa (R2 = -0.845) uye yakanyatsobatanidzwa nephosphorus inowanikwa (R2 = 0.842) uye potassium inowanikwa. iyo inowanzobatwa nezvimwe zvinhu zvemuviri uye zvemakemikari zvevhu, uye zvino inokanganisa mutsara wezvinhu zvevhu.Naizvozvo, chinhu chinokosha pakusarudza nzira yekushandura kwevhu redox67.Unhu hwakasiyana hweredox hunogona kukonzera nyika dzakasiyana-siyana uye kuwanikwa kwezvinhu zvinovaka muviri.Naizvozvo, simba redox rine kuwirirana kwakakosha ne nitrogen inowanikwa, potassium inowanikwa uye phosphorus inowanikwa.
Pamusoro pezvinhu zvesimbi, ngura inogona kuenderanawo nemaitiro evhu.Kuita kweCorrosion kwainyanya kukanganiswa neorganic matter, zvichiratidza kuti organic zvinhu zvine chekuita nekuora.Pamusoro pezvo, organic matter yakange yakabatana zvakanyanya neinogoneka gradient (SN) (R2=-0.713) uye sulfate ion inobata. gradient (SN) uye sulfate ion..Pakanga pane kuwirirana kwakashata pakati pevhu pH uye potassium inowanikwa (R2 = -0.728).
Nitrojeni yaiwanika yainge yakabatana zvakanyanya nesalt soluble salt and chloride ions, uye phosphorus iripo uye potassium yaivapo yainge yakanyatsobatanidzwa ne salt soluble salt and chloride ions. yakanga yakabatana zvakanyanya nesarufate ion, uye yakabatana zvakanyanya nebicarbonate, zvichiratidza kuti nitrogen yese yaive nemhedzisiro pane zviri mukati mesulfate nebicarbonate.Miti haina kudiwa kweioni yesulfate nemabicarbonate ions, saka mazhinji acho akasununguka muvhu kana kutorwa nevhu collolation. Kuwanikwa kwenitrogen muvhu.Naizvozvo, kuwedzera zvakafanira zviri munitrogen nehumus zviri muvhu kunobatsira kuderedza kukora kwevhu.
Ivhu (Soil is a system with complex composition and properties). Ivhu corrosivity mhedzisiro ye synergistic chiito chezvikonzero zvakawanda. Nokudaro, nzira yekuongorora yakazara inowanzoshandiswa kuongorora kuora kwevhu.Nekureva ku "Code yeGeotechnical Engineering Investigation" (GB50021-94) uye nzira dzekuedza dzeChina Soil Corrosion Test Network, giredhi rekuora kwevhu rinogona kuongororwa zvakakwana zvichienderana nechiyero chinotevera, chiyero chinotevera chete. ngura , hapana ngura ine mwero kana ngura yakasimba; (2) kana pasina ngura yakasimba, inoongororwa seyakaorera ine mwero; (3) kana paine nzvimbo imwe kana mbiri dzine ngura yakasimba, inotariswa sendara yakasimba; (4) kana paine 3 kana kupfuura nzvimbo dzine ngura yakasimba, inoongororwa seyakagwinya yakasimba yekuora kwakanyanya.
Zvinoenderana nevhu rekudzivirira, redox kugona, zvemukati memvura, munyu, pH kukosha, uye Cl- uye SO42- content, magiredhi ekuora kwemasampu evhu pamateru akasiyana akaongororwa zvakanyanya.
Corrosion potential chinhu chakakosha chinokanganisa kukoromoka kwemambure ekudzivirira.Kuita ngura kwemateru matatu ese akadzikira pane -200 mv, iyo ine simba guru pakuora kwemesh yesimbi inokwira.Inogona kushandiswa kutonga ukuru hwechinhu charasika chiri muvhu chakakosha. materu nemateru, kunyanya pamateru epakati. Munyu wose unonyungudika muivhu rekumusoro, repakati nepasi pemateru aipfuura 500 mg/kg, uye kuora kwaiita mambure ekudzivirira kutsetseka kwainge kuri pakati nepakati. Mvura yevhu chinhu chakakosha chinokanganisa kukora uye kudzika kwesimbi kutereka uye kunokonzeresa ngura yemateru ekudzivirira meshes.Nutrients yakawanda kwazvo muvhu repakati-pamawere, zvichiratidza kuti kune nguva zhinji zviitiko zvemicrobial uye kukura kwechirimwa nekukurumidza.
Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti corrosion inogona, inogona kunyungudika, yakazara soluble munyu uye mvura zvirimo ndizvo zvinhu zvikuru zvinokanganisa kukora kwevhu pamateru matatu, uye kukora kwevhu kunoongororwa sekunge kwakasimba.Kuora kwenzvimbo yekudzivirira kwemateru ndiko kwakanyanya kuderera pakati pemateru, izvo zvinopa referensi kune iyo anti-corrosion yekudzivirira network yeApp. nitrogen uye organic fetireza inobatsira kuderedza ngura yevhu, kufambisa kukura kwechirimwa, uye pakupedzisira kudzikamisa materu.
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