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Na-ewere Sui-Chongqing ụgbọ okporo ígwè mkpọda dị ka ihe nyocha, ala resistivity, ala electrochemistry (corrosion ikike, redox ikike, nwere ike gradient na pH), ala anions (ngụkọta soluble salts, Cl-, SO42- na) na ala Nri. E jiri ya tụnyere ihe ndị ọzọ, mmiri nwere mmetụta kasị ukwuu na corrosion nke mkpọda nchebe net, sochiri anion content. The ngụkọta soluble nnu nwere a agafeghị oke mmetụta na corrosion nke mkpọda nchebe net, na kpafuo ugbu a nwere a agafeghị oke mmetụta na ala corrosion nchebe nke slopes sample. enyocha ya, na corrosion na mkpọda elu bụ agafeghị oke, na corrosion na n'etiti na ala mkpọda dị ike.The organic okwu n'ime ala na-metụtara nke ọma na ike gradient.Available nitrogen, dị potassium na phosphorus dị na-metụtara nke ukwuu na anions.The nkesa nke ala nri na-apụtachaghị ìhè metụtara slope ụdị.
Mgbe ị na-ewu okporo ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè, okporo ụzọ na ebe nchekwa mmiri, oghere ugwu na-abụkarị ihe a na-apụghị izere ezere. N'ihi ugwu ndị dị na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ, ụgbọ okporo ígwè China na-achọ ọtụtụ ihe gwupụtara n'elu ugwu ahụ. Ọ na-ebibi ala mbụ na ahịhịa ndụ, na-emepụta slopes nkume ndị a na-ekpughere. Ọnọdụ a na-eduga n'ịgba ala na nbibi ala, si otú a na-atụ egwu nchekwa nke okporo ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè, ụgbọ okporo ígwè nke May2 na-emebi okporo ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè 1. 2008 Ala ọmajiji nke Wenchuan. Ala ọma jijiji abụrụla nke a na-ekesa n'ọtụtụ ebe na nnukwu ọdachi ala ọmajiji1. Na 2008 nyocha nke 4,243 kilomita nke isi okporo ụzọ okporo ụzọ na Sichuan Province, e nwere 1,736 oké ala ọma jijiji ọdachi na roadbeds na mkpọda retaining mgbidi, aza 39.76% nke ngụkọta ogologo nke evaluation. Direct aku na uba ọnwụ site n'okporo ụzọ mebiri gafere 58,3 ijeri yu. geohazards nwere ike ịdịru ma ọ dịkarịa ala 10 afọ (Taiwan ala ọma jijiji) na ọbụna dị ka ogologo dị ka 40-50 afọ (Kanto ala ọma jijiji na Japan) 4,5.Gradient bụ isi ihe na-emetụta ala ọma jijiji hazard6,7.Ya mere, ọ dị mkpa ịnọgide na-enwe mkpọda okporo ụzọ na-ewusi ya nkwụsi ike.Osisi na-egwu ihe irreplaceable nchebe na nkịtị odida obodo 8 . mkpọda ugwu, mkpọda nkume anaghị enwe nchikota nke ihe na-edozi ahụ dị ka organic okwu, nitrogen, phosphorus, na potassium, na-adịghị enwe ala gburugburu ebe obibi dị mkpa maka ahịhịa na-eto eto. N'ihi ihe ndị dị ka nnukwu mkpọda na mmiri ozuzo ozize, mkpọda ala na-adị mfe efu. mkpọda bụ ihe a na-ejikarị mkpọda ecological mweghachi technology na my country.The artificial ala eji spraying bụ nke anuahade nkume, ala ubi, ahịhịa ahịhịa, compound fatịlaịza, mmiri na-ejigide gị n'ụlọnga na nrapado (a na-ejikarị adhesives na-agụnye Portland ciment, organic gluu na asphalt emulsifier) ​​na ụfọdụ proportion.The teknụzụ na-edozi na wires na waya na mbụ dina n'elu. arịlịka bolts, na n'ikpeazụ ịgbasa artificial ala nwere mkpụrụ na mkpọda na a pụrụ iche sprayer.The 14 # diamond ekara metal ntupu nke na-n'ụzọ zuru ezu galvanized na-akasị eji, na a ntupu ọkọlọtọ nke 5cm × 5cm na a dayameta nke 2mm. The metal ntupu na-enye ohere ala matrix na-etolite a inogide monolithic slab na nkume n'elu nkume elu. The metal ntupu ga-, na ntupu nke ntupu nke 5cm × 5cm na dayameta nke 2mm. nrụrụ na-adabere n'àgwà nke ala. Ntụle nke ihe ndị na-emebi ala bụ ihe dị oke mkpa maka nyocha nke nchara nchara nke ala na-ebute na ikpochapụ ihe egwu ala.
A kwenyere na mgbọrọgwụ osisi na-ekere òkè dị mkpa na mkpọda mkpọda na ịchịkwa mbuze10,11,12,13,14. Iji mee ka mkpọda ugwu kwụsie ike megide mbuze na-emighị emi, enwere ike iji ahịhịa mee ihe n'ihi na mgbọrọgwụ osisi nwere ike idozi ala iji gbochie mbuze. mpụta mgbọrọgwụ usoro nke osisi na-eme ihe dị ka ume ikpo na ala.The mmepe nke mgbọrọgwụ ije ụkpụrụ na-chụpụrụ site mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, na ala gburugburu ebe obibi na-arụ a bụrụkwa ọrụ ndị a Filiks.Corrosion ka ọla dịgasị iche iche na ala environment20.The ogo corrosion nke ọla na ala nwere ike mbio si pụtara ngwa ngwa mgbasa na negligible ala mmetụta21. nke mmekọrịta dị n'etiti mpụga gburugburu ebe obibi na dị iche iche ntule n'elu ọtụtụ iri nde afọ22,23,24.Tupu woody ahịhịa na-etolite a kwụsiri ike mgbọrọgwụ usoro na gburugburu ebe obibi, ma metal ntupu jikọtara na nkume mkpọda na wuru ala nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ n'enweghị bụ kpọmkwem metụtara mmepe nke eke aku na uba, nchekwa nke ndụ na mma nke gburugburu ebe obibi.
Otú ọ dị, corrosion nke ọla nwere ike iduga nnukwu ọnwụ. Dị ka nnyocha e mere na China na mmalite 1980s na chemical ígwè ọrụ na ndị ọzọ na ụlọ ọrụ, ọnwụ nke metal corrosion mere maka 4% nke ngụkọta mmepụta uru. Ya mere, ọ bụ ihe dị oké mkpa na-amụ corrosion usoro na-na-echebe jikoro maka aku na uba na-ewu, gases siri ike na usoro microorganism. metabolites nwere ike imebi ihe, na mmiri kpafuru akpafu nwekwara ike ime ka corrosion.Ya mere, ọ dị mkpa igbochi corrosion nke ọla ndị e liri n'ime ala.Ugbu a, nnyocha na-eli ozu metal corrosion tumadi na-elekwasị anya na (1) ihe na-emetụta eli ozu metal corrosion25; (2) ụzọ nchebe ígwè26,27; (3) ụzọ ikpe maka ogo nke metal corrosion28; Nrụrụaka na mgbasa ozi dị iche iche. Otú ọ dị, ala niile dị n'ọmụmụ ihe ahụ bụ ihe okike ma bụrụkwa usoro nhazi ala zuru oke. Otú ọ dị, ọnweghị akụkọ ọ bụla gbasara mkpọda ala wuruwuru nke mkpọda nkume ụgbọ oloko.
E jiri ya tụnyere mgbasa ozi ndị ọzọ na-emebi emebi, ala artificial nwere àgwà nke illiquidity, heterogeneity, seasonality and regionality.Metal corrosion na artificial ala na-akpata site electrochemical interactions n'etiti ọla na artificial ala.Na mgbakwunye na ihe ebumpụta ụwa, ọnụego nke metal corrosion na-adaberekwa na gburugburu gburugburu ebe obibi. A dịgasị iche iche nke ihe na-emetụta metal corrosion n'otu n'otu ma ọ bụ na mmanụ oxygen ọdịnaya, dị ka ngụkọta mmiri ọdịnaya, dị ka metal ọdịnaya, dị ka ngụkọta mmiri corrosion n'otu n'otu ma ọ bụ n'ime ntụ ntụ ọdịnaya, dị ka ngụkọta nke metal ọdịnaya. ọdịnaya, pH, ala microbes30,31,32.
N'ime afọ 30 nke omume, ajụjụ banyere otu esi echekwa ala ndị na-emepụta ihe na-adịgide adịgide na mkpọda nkume bụ nsogbu33. Osisi ma ọ bụ osisi enweghị ike itolite na mkpọda ụfọdụ mgbe afọ 10 nke nlekọta akwụkwọ ntuziaka n'ihi nrịanrịa ala. A na-asacha unyi dị n'elu nchara ígwè ahụ n'ebe ụfọdụ. N'ihi corrosion, ụfọdụ nchara ígwè gbawara agbawa ma tụfuo ha nile n'elu ugbu a na n'okpuru Fig 1). mkpọda corrosion tumadi na-elekwasị anya na corrosion nke ụgbọ okporo ígwè substation grounding okporo, kpafuo ugbu a corrosion eme site ìhè ụgbọ okporo ígwè, na corrosion nke ụgbọ okporo ígwè bridges34,35, tracks na ndị ọzọ ụgbọala equipment36.There enwebeghị akụkọ nke corrosion nke okporo ụzọ mkpọda nchebe metal ntupu.This akwụkwọ ọmụmụ na electrochemical Njirimara n'ebe ndịda, kemịkalụ na nkume n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ. Ụgbọ okporo ígwè, aiming ịkọ corrosion metal site n'ịtụle ala Njirimara na-enye usoro ihe ọmụma na ihe ndabere maka ala ecosystem mweghachi na wuru wuru.
Ebe ule dị na ugwu ugwu nke Sichuan (30°32′N, 105°32′E) nso Suining Railway Station. Ebe dị n'etiti Sichuan Basin, ugwu dị ala na ugwu nta, na mfe geological Ọdịdị na ewepụghị terrain.Erosion, igbutu na nchịkọta nke mmiri na-emepụta n'elu beristones na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-adịghị mma. tumadi-acha odo odo ájá na mudstone.The iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe bụ ogbenye, na nkume bụ a blocky structure.The ọmụmụ mpaghara nwere subtropical iru mmiri udu mmiri ihu igwe na seasonal e ji mara mmalite oge opupu ihe ubi, okpomọkụ okpomọkụ, mkpụmkpụ mgbụsị akwụkwọ na mbubreyo winter.The mmiri ozuzo dị ukwuu, na ìhè na okpomọkụ ihe onwunwe dị ukwuu, na ntu oyi-free oge bụ ogologo (285 ụbọchị na nkezi), ihu igwe bụ nkezi nke okpomọkụ Celsius 1 kwa afọ. Ọnwa (August) bụ 27.2 Celsius C, na oke okpomọkụ kachasị bụ 39.3 ° C. Ọnwa kachasị oyi bụ January (nkezi okpomọkụ bụ 6.5 ° C), oke okpomọkụ kachasị elu bụ -3.8 ° C, na nkezi mmiri ozuzo kwa afọ bụ 920 mm, karịsịa na July na August. Mmiri ozuzo na mmiri, okpomọkụ, mgbụsị akwụkwọ na oyi na-agbanwe nke ukwuu. Oke mmiri ozuzo n'oge ọ bụla n'afọ bụ 19-21%, 51-54%, 22-24% na 4-5% n'otu n'otu.
Ebe nyocha ahụ bụ mkpọda nke ihe dịka 45 ° na mkpọda nke Yu-Sui Railway wuru na 2003. N'April 2012, ọ chere ihu na ndịda n'ime 1 km nke ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè Suining. The eke mkpọda e ji mee ihe dị ka a control.The ecological mweghachi nke mkpọda adopts mba ọzọ topdressing ala spraying technology maka ecological restoration. Dị ka elu nke ụgbọ okporo ígwè n'akụkụ mkpọda, na mkpọda nwere ike kewara n'ime elu, n'etiti mkpọda na downslope (Fig. 2) .Since na ọkpụrụkpụ nke ịkpụ banyere slopes nke corlusion na-ezere corlusion ala bụ 1cm. ngwaahịa nke ala metal ntupu, anyị na-eji naanị igwe anaghị agba nchara shọvelụ na-ala n'elu 0-8cm.Four replicates e atọrọ maka onye ọ bụla mkpọda ọnọdụ, na 15-20 random sampling ihe kwa replicate.Each oyiri bụ ngwakọta nke 15-20 randomly kpebisiri ike si S-ekara akara nlele ihe.Its ọhụrụ sample polyethylene 5. akpa ziplock maka nhazi. A na-akpọsa ala nke ọma n'ikuku, a na-ewepụtakwa gravel na anụmanụ na ihe ọkụkụ, jiri osisi agate gwepịa ya, were sieve nylon 20-mesh, 100-mesh naịlọn ma e wezụga ihe ndị ahụ na-adịghị ahụkebe.
A tụrụ nguzogide ala ala site na VICTOR4106 ihe nleba anya nguzogide ala nke Shengli Instrument Company mepụtara; a tụrụ resistivity ala n'ọhịa; A na-atụle mmiri nke ala site na usoro ihicha. The DMP-2 portable digital mv / pH instrument features high input impedance for specting ala corrosion potential.Potential gradient and redox potential were kpebisie ike site DMP-2 portable digital mv / pH, ngụkọta soluble nnu n'ime ala e kpebisiri ike site fọdụrụ ihicha usoro, chloride ion ọdịnaya n'ime ala e kpebisiri ike site Ag. indirect EDTA Titration usoro, okpukpu abụọ egosi titration usoro iji chọpụta ala carbonate na bicarbonate, potassium dichromate oxidation kpo oku usoro iji chọpụta ala organic okwu, alkaline ngwọta mgbasa usoro iji chọpụta ala alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, H2SO4-HClO4 mgbaze Mo-Sb colorimetric usoro Total phosphorus na ala na dị phosphorus ọdịnaya n'ime ala e kpebisiri ike site OlCO usoro / 0.5 na potassium wepụ ihe n'ime ala site OlCO usoro / 0.0 NaHl.0. kpebisiri ike site na ngwakọta sodium hydroxide-flame photometry.
A na-ahazi data nnwale ahụ na mbụ. A na-eji SPSS Statistics 20 mee ihe pụtara ìhè, ọkọlọtọ ọkọlọtọ, otu ụzọ ANOVA, na nyocha mmekọrịta mmadụ.
Tebụl 1 na-enye ihe ndị dị na electromechanical, anions na nri nke ala na mkpọda dị iche iche. The corrosion ikike, ala resistivity na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ-ọdịda anyanwụ nwere ike gradient nke dị iche iche slopes bụ ihe niile dị ịrịba ama (P <0.05) The redox potentials of downhill, mid-slope and natural slope was significant (P <0.05) . gradient, is upslope>downslope>middle slope.The ala pH value was in order of downslope>uphill>middle slope>natural slope.Total soluble salt, natural slope was significantly high than railway slope (P <0.05) .The total soluble salt content of the third-grade railway slope/50 mg nwere n'elu slopes railway 50 mg. agafeghị oke mmetụta na metal corrosion.The ala organic okwu ọdịnaya bụ kasị elu na eke mkpọda na nke kasị ala na ala mkpọda (P <0.05) .Ngụkọta nitrogen ọdịnaya bụ kasị elu na n'etiti mkpọda na kasị ala na elu ugwu; ọdịnaya nitrogen dịnụ bụ nke kachasị elu na mkpọda ala na nke etiti, na nke kachasị ala na mkpọda eke; ngụkọta nitrogen nke okporo ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè mgbago na mgbada dị ala, mana ọdịnaya nitrogen dị elu dị elu. Nke a na-egosi na nrịgo elu na mgbada organic nitrogen mineralization ọnụego bụ ngwa ngwa.
Ala resistivity bụ index na-egosi eletriki conductivity na a isi oke maka ikpe ikpe ala corrosion.Factors emetụta ala resistivity gụnyere mmiri ọdịnaya, ngụkọta soluble nnu ọdịnaya, pH, ala udidi, okpomọkụ, organic okwu ọdịnaya, ala okpomọkụ, na tightness.Generally na-ekwu okwu, ala na ala resistivity bụ ihe corrosive, na Anglịkan.Iji resistivity na-ekpe ikpe ala corrosivity na-egosikarị mba corrosivity 1 mba. njirisi nleba anya maka otu index37,38.
Dịka nsonaazụ ule na ụkpụrụ dị na mba m (Table 1), ọ bụrụ na a na-enyocha mmebi nke ala naanị site na mgbochi ala, ala dị na mkpọda ugwu na-emebi emebi; ala dị na mkpọda ugwu na-emebi emebi nke ọma; nrụrụ ala na mkpọda etiti na mkpọda eke adịghị ike.
The ala resistivity nke ugwu mkpọda bụ budata ala karịa nke akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke mkpọda, nke nwere ike mere site na mmiri ozuzo erosion.The topsoil na upslope aga na n'etiti mkpọda na mmiri, nke mere na upslope metal mkpọda nchebe net dị nso na topsoil. Ụfọdụ n'ime metal meshes e kpughere na ọbụna kwụsịtụrụ n'ikuku (Figureivity 1). ogologo oghere bụ 3m; ikpo ịnya ụgbọ ala omimi bụ n'okpuru 15cm.Bare metal ntupu na peeling nchara nwere ike igbochi na nha results.Ya mere, ọ bụ unreliable iji nyochaa ala corrosivity naanị site ala resistivity index.Na keukwu nwale nke corrosion, ala resistivity nke upslope adịghị atụle.
N'ihi elu ikwu iru mmiri, perennial iru mmiri ikuku na mpaghara Sichuan na-eme ka ígwè ntupu ekpughere ikuku na corrode ka njọ karịa metal ntupu e liri na ala39. Exposure nke waya ntupu na ikuku nwere ike ime ka mbelata ọrụ ndụ, nke nwere ike destabilize n'elu ugwu ala. Ala ọnwụ nwere ike ime ka o siri ike n'ihi na osisi, karịsịa woody osisi, na-eme ka o siri ike n'ihi na osisi, karịsịa woody osisi, na-esi ike na-eto eto nke enweghị osisi siri ike na-etolite osisi. ala. N'otu oge ahụ, osisi ibu nwekwara ike melite ala àgwà na-amụba ọdịnaya nke humus na ala, nke nwere ike ọ bụghị nanị na-ejigide mmiri, ma na-enye ezi gburugburu ebe obibi maka ibu na mmeputakwa nke anụmanụ na osisi, si otú mbenata ala loss. Ya mere, na mmalite ogbo nke ewu, ọzọ woody osisi ga-akụ na upslope, na mmiri-ejigide ala n'ụlọnga ga-na-na-na-na-na-na-na-na-na-na-na-na-na-na-ebelata ala loss. mmiri ozuzo.
Enwere ike imebi ihe bụ ihe dị mkpa na-emetụta corrosion nke ụgbụ nchekwa mkpọda na mkpọda ọkwa atọ, ma nwee mmetụta kachasị ukwuu na mkpọda ugwu (Table 2) .N'okpuru ọnọdụ nkịtị, ikike nke corrosion adịghị agbanwe nke ukwuu na gburugburu ebe a na-enye ya. A na-enwe mgbanwe a na-ahụ anya site na ụgbọ mmiri na-agbagharị agbagharị. Ọgba mmiri na-ezo aka na mmiri ozuzo 1ak na okporo ụzọ 4 na-eji ụzọ 4 na ala 40. Sistemụ njem njem ọha.Na mmepe nke usoro njem, usoro njem ụgbọ okporo ígwè nke obodo m enwetala ọkụ eletrik dị ukwuu, na corrosion nke ọla ndị e liri na-akpata site na mmiri na-agbapụta ugbu a sitere na ụgbọ oloko eletrik enweghị ike ileghara anya. mgbe gradient nwere ike dị n'ogo nke 0.5 mv / m ruo 5.0 mv / m, ihe mgbagwoju anya dị oke; mgbe ike gradient dị elu karịa 5.0 mv / m, ọkwa dị ugbu a dị elu dị elu. Ihe dị iche iche na-ese n'elu mmiri nke ike gradient (EW) nke etiti etiti, elu-mkpọda na ala na-egosi na Figure 3. corrosion nke metal meshes na etiti mkpọda na ala-mkpọda, karịsịa na etiti mkpọda.
N'ozuzu, ala redox ikike (Eh) n'elu 400 mV na-egosi na oxidizing ike, n'elu 0-200 mV bụ ọkara mbenata ikike, na n'okpuru 0 mV bụ nnukwu mbenata ikike.The ala ala redox ikike, ukwuu na corrosion ikike nke ala microorganisms na metals44.It bụ omume amụma na-emekarị nke ala microbial corrosion na-amụ redox atọ nwere ike. mkpọda dị elu karịa 500 mv, na ọkwa corrosion dị nnọọ ntakịrị. Ọ na-egosi na ala ikuku ventilashion nke ala mkpọda dị mma, nke na-adịghị mma maka corrosion nke microorganisms anaerobic na ala.
Nnyocha ndị gara aga achọpụtala na mmetụta nke ala pH na ala ozize bụ doro anya.Na mgbanwe nke pH uru, na corrosion ọnụego nke metal ihe na-n'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama mmetụta.Soil pH bụ chiri anya metụtara na ebe na microorganisms na ala45,46,47.Generally ikwu okwu, mmetụta nke ala pH na corrosion nke metal ihe na ubé alkaline ala bụ doro anya atọ ala alkaline. mmetụta nke pH na corrosion nke nchara ígwè adịghị ike.
Dị ka a na-ahụ na Tebụl 3, nyocha mmekọrịta na-egosi na ikike redox na ọnọdụ mkpọda na-ejikọta ya nke ọma (R2 = 0.858), ikike corrosion na ike gradient (SN) na-ejikọta ya nke ọma (R2 = 0.755), na ike redox na ike gradient = SN) na-ejikọta ya nke ọma (R2 = 0.755). Enwere njikọ dị njọ na-adịghị mma n'etiti ikike na pH (R2 = -0.724) . Ọnọdụ mkpọda nwere njikọ chiri anya nke ọma na ikike redox. Nke a na-egosi na e nwere ọdịiche dị na microenvironment nke ọnọdụ mkpọda dị iche iche, na microorganisms ala nwere njikọ chiri anya na redox potential48, 49, 50. The redox 5 na-egosi na cor15 nwere njikọ na-adịghị mma na pH5. Eh ụkpụrụ adịghị agbanwe mgbe niile synchronously n'oge ala redox usoro, ma nwere na-adịghị mma linear mmekọrịta. Metal corrosion ikike nwere ike na-anọchi anya ndị ikwu ike na-enweta na ida electrons. Ọ bụ ezie na corrosion ikike bụ ịrịba ama nke ọma jikọrọ ya na ike gradient (SN), ike gradient nwere ike mere site na mfe ọnwụ nke electrons site na ígwè.
Ala ngụkọta soluble nnu ọdịnaya na nso nso metụtara ala corrosivity.Generally na-ekwu okwu, na elu ala salinity, na ala ala resistivity, si otú na-amụba ala resistance.In ala electrolytes, ọ bụghị nanị na anions na iche iche ranges, kamakwa corrosion mmetụta bụ tumadi carbonates, chlorides na sulfates.Na mgbakwunye, ngụkọta soluble nnu ọdịnaya nke ala corrosion mmetụta na-emetụta ndị ọzọ corrosion n'ime ala corrosion. ikike electrode na ọla na ala oxygen solubility53.
Ọtụtụ n'ime soluble nnu-dissociated ion na ala adịghị ozugbo isonye na electrochemical mmeghachi omume, ma na-emetụta metal corrosion site ala resistivity.The elu ala salinity, na ike ala conductivity na ike ala erosion.The ala salinity ọdịnaya nke eke slopes bụ budata elu karịa nke ụgbọ okporo ígwè slopes, nke nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi na eziokwu nke bụ ọgaranya slopecive ala mmiri na conduge. conservation.Ihe ọzọ kpatara ya nwere ike ịbụ na mkpọda eke ahụ enwetala nguzobe ala tozuru oke (ihe nne na nna nke ala kpụrụ site na ihu igwe okwute), mana ala mkpọda okporo ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè bụ nke mkpọda nkume ndị e gwepịara egwepịa dị ka matriks nke “ala arụrụala”, na enwebeghị usoro nhazi ala zuru oke. A naghị ahapụ mineral. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ion nnu na ala miri emi nke mkpọda eke sitere na capillary edinam n'oge evaporation elu ma na-akwakọba n'ime ala nke elu, na-eme ka mmụba nke ọdịnaya nke ion nnu na ala dị n'elu.
ion ndị dị mma (dị ka K +, Na +, Ca2 +, Mg2 +, Al3 +, wdg) na-enwe mmetụta dị nta na corrosion ala, ebe anions na-arụ ọrụ dị ịrịba ama na usoro electrochemical nke corrosion ma nwee mmetụta dị ukwuu na corrosion metal. na elu nke Cl- ọdịnaya, otú ahụ ala corrosion siri ike.SO42- bụghị nanị na-akwalite corrosion nke ígwè, ma na-akpata corrosion na ụfọdụ ihe onwunwe54.Ọkwa corrodes iron.Na usoro nke acid ala nnwale, ọnụego nke corrosion a chọpụtara na-proportsally ka ala acidity55.Chloride na sulfate bụ isi ihe nke soluble a metal salts. egosila na ịdị arọ nke corrosion arọ nke carbon steel na ala alkaline fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe mgbakwunye nke chloride na sulfate ions56,57.Lee et al. chọpụtara na SO42- nwere ike igbochi corrosion, ma kwalite mmepe nke olulu corrosion nke etolitela58.
Dabere na ọkọlọtọ nrịbama ala na nsonaazụ ule, ọdịnaya chloride ion dị n'ihe nlele ala mkpọda ọ bụla dị n'elu 100 mg / kg, na-egosi nrụrụ ala siri ike. dị ala karịa 200mg / kg, na nrụrụ ala na-adịghị ike. Mgbe ala ala nwere nnukwu ntinye uche, ọ ga-ekere òkè na mmeghachi omume ma na-emepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ corrosion n'elu electrode metal, si otú ahụ na-ebelata mmeghachi omume corrosion. Ka ntinye uche na-abawanye, ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ nwere ike ịgbaji na mberede, si otú ahụ na-eme ka ọnụ ọgụgụ corrosion dịkwuo elu; ka ntinye uche na-aga n'ihu na-abawanye, ọnụ ọgụgụ corrosion na-ekpuchi elu nke electrode metal, na ọnụ ọgụgụ corrosion na-egosi na ọ na-eme ka ọ dị nwayọọ ọzọ59. Nnyocha ahụ chọpụtara na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị n'ime ala dị ala na ya mere enweghi mmetụta na corrosion.
Dị ka Tebụl 4 si kwuo, njikọ dị n'etiti mkpọda na anions ala gosiri na enwere ezigbo mmekọrịta dị n'etiti mkpọda na ion chloride (R2=0.836), yana ezigbo mmekọrịta dị n'etiti mkpọda na mkpokọta nnu soluble (R2=0.742).
Nke a na-egosi na elu mmiri na-agbapụta n'elu na ala ozize nwere ike ịbụ maka mgbanwe na ngụkọta soluble salts na ala.There bụ a ịrịba mma mmekọrịta n'etiti ngụkọta soluble salts na ion chloride, nke nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi na ngụkọta soluble salts bụ ọdọ mmiri nke chloride ion, na ọdịnaya nke ngụkọta soluble salts na-ekpebi ọdịnaya nke chloride ions na ihe dị iche iche nke chloride nwere ike maara na corlopes nwere ike ime ka corlopes dị iche iche na ngwọta nke corlopes. akụkụ ntupu ígwè ahụ.
Organic okwu, ngụkọta nitrogen, dị nitrogen, dị phosphorus na dị potassium bụ isi nri nke ala, nke na-emetụta ala àgwà na absorption nke nri site na mgbọrọgwụ system. Ala nri bụ ihe dị mkpa na-emetụta microorganisms na ala, n'ihi ya, ọ bụ uru na-amụ ma e nwere a correlation n'etiti ala nri na metal corrosion.The Suiyu Railway e dechara na 2003, nke pụtara na organic na-enweta naanị 9 artificialulation. akpan akpan nke ala artificial, ọ dị mkpa inwe nghọta dị mma banyere ihe ndị na-edozi ahụ dị na ala artificial.
The nnyocha na-egosi na organic okwu ọdịnaya bụ nke kasị elu na eke mkpọda ala mgbe dum ala e guzobere usoro.The ala-slope ala organic okwu ọdịnaya bụ lowest.Due ka mmetụta nke weathering na elu runoff, ala nri ga-akwakọba na n'etiti mkpọda na ala-mkpọda, akpụ a oké oyi akwa nke humus. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na obere ahụ na ogbenye nkwụsi ike nke obere ihe bụ microorganism nke a chọtara n'ụzọ dị mfe. n'etiti mkpọda na ala-mkpọda ahịhịa mkpuchi na iche iche dị elu, ma homogeneity dị ala, nke nwere ike iduga na-ezighị ezi nkesa nke elu nri.A oké oyi akwa nke humus na-ejide mmiri na ala ntule na-arụsi ọrụ ike.All nke accelerates decomposition nke organic okwu na ala.
The alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen ọdịnaya nke elu-mkpọda, n'etiti-mkpọda na ala-mkpọda ụgbọ okporo ígwè bụ elu karịa na nke eke mkpọda, na-egosi na organic nitrogen mineralization ọnụego nke ụgbọ okporo ígwè mkpọda bụ budata elu karịa nke eke slope.The nta na ahụ, ndị ọzọ ejighị n'aka na ala Ọdịdị, na mfe ọ bụ n'ihi na ihe na organic na microorganisms nke ukwuu. ọdọ mmiri nke mineralized organic nitrogen60,61.Consistent na nsonaazụ nke 62 ọmụmụ, ọdịnaya nke obere urughuru aggregates na ala nke ụgbọ okporo ígwè slopes bụ budata elu karịa nke eke slopes.Therefore, kwesịrị ekwesị jikoro ga-mere ka iwelie ọdịnaya nke fatịlaịza, organic okwu na nitrogen na ala nke ụgbọ okporo ígwè mkpọda ala, na-eme ka n'iyi nke ndị na-agba ọsọ site na potassium dị elu site n'ikuku site n'iyi site n'ibelata ihe ọkụkụ dị elu site na potassium. nwetara 77.27% ruo 99.79% nke mkpọda mkpọda okporo ụzọ ụgbọ oloko. Mkpọpu mmiri dị n'elu nwere ike ịbụ isi ihe kpatara mfu nri dị na ala mkpọda63,64,65.
Dị ka e gosiri na Tebụl 4, enwere ezigbo mmekọrịta dị mma n'etiti ọnọdụ mkpọda na phosphorus dị (R2 = 0.948), na njikọ dị n'etiti ọnọdụ mkpọda na potassium dịnụ bụ otu (R2 = 0.898) . Ọ na-egosi na ọnọdụ mkpọda na-emetụta ọdịnaya nke phosphorus dị na potassium dị na ala.
Gradient bụ ihe dị mkpa na-emetụta ala organic okwu ọdịnaya na nitrogen enrichment66, na nta nke gradient, na ukwuu nke enrichment rate.N'ihi na ala nutrient enrichment, nutrient ọnwụ e ebelatawo, na mmetụta nke mkpọda ọnọdụ na ala organic okwu ọdịnaya na ngụkọta nitrogen enrichment bụ ihe doro anya.dị iche iche na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke osisi na dị iche iche slopes nwere dị iche iche organic acids slopes nwere ihe dị iche iche organic acids slopes na mkpọda osisi fixga. phosphorus na potassium dị na ala. Ya mere, enwere njikọ dị ukwuu n'etiti ọnọdụ mkpọda na phosphorus dị, na ọnọdụ mkpọda na potassium dị.
Iji dokwuo anya mmekọrịta dị n'etiti nri ala na corrosion ala, ọ dị mkpa iji nyochaa njikọ ahụ. Dị ka e gosiri na Tebụl 5, ikike redox na-emetụta nke ọma na nitrogen dịnụ (R2 = -0.845) na nke ọma na-ejikọta ya na phosphorus dị (R2 = 0.842) na potassium dị (R2 = 0.980) na potassium dị (R2 = 0.980) na-egosipụtakarị àgwà nke redox. nke ala, wee metụta usoro ihe onwunwe nke ala. N'ihi ya, ọ bụ ihe dị mkpa na-ekpebi ntụziaka nke mgbanwe nri nke ala67. Ụdị redox dị iche iche nwere ike ime ka steeti dị iche iche na ịnweta ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ. Ya mere, ikike redox nwere njikọ dị ịrịba ama na nitrogen dị, phosphorus dị na potassium dị.
Na mgbakwunye na metal Njirimara, corrosion ikike na-metụtara ala Njirimara.Corrosion ikike e budata na-ezighị ezi corrosion na organic okwu, na-egosi na organic okwu nwere mmetụta dị ịrịba ama na corrosion potential.In adianade do, organic okwu nwekwara budata n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na-enwe ike gradient (SN) (R2=-0.713) na sulfate ion (R2=-0.671) na sulfate ion (R2=-0.671) na ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-eme ka ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ. ion..Enwere nnukwu mmekọrịta na-adịghị mma n'etiti pH ala na potassium dị (R2 = -0.728).
A na-ejikọta nitrogen dị na ya na salts soluble na ion chloride, na phosphorus na potassium dị na ya na-ejikọta ya na salts soluble na ion chloride. Nke a gosiri na ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ na-emetụta ọnụ ọgụgụ nke salts soluble na ion chloride n'ime ala, na anions na ala adịghị akwado nchịkọta nri na-adịghị mma nke nwere njikọ na-adịghị mma. ion, na budata kwenye njikọ na bicarbonate, na-egosi na ngụkọta nitrogen nwere mmetụta na ọdịnaya nke sulfate na bicarbonate. Osisi nwere obere ina maka sulfate ion na bicarbonate ion, otú ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ free na ala ma ọ bụ etinye obi gị dum site na ala colloid. humus n'ime ala bara uru iji belata mmebi nke ala.
Ala bụ usoro nwere mgbagwoju anya mejupụtara na ihe onwunwe. Ala corrosivity bụ n'ihi na synergistic omume nke ọtụtụ ihe. Ya mere, a na-ejikarị usoro nyocha zuru oke iji nyochaa corrosivity ala. N'izo aka na "Code for Geotechnical Engineering Investigation" (GB50021-94) na usoro ule nke China Soil Corrosion Test Network, enwere ike nyochaa ọkwa nke ala corrosion n'ụzọ zuru ezu dị ka ụkpụrụ ndị na-esonụ si dị: (1) Nnwale ahụ adịghị ike, ọ bụrụ na ọ dịghị corrosion na-adịghị ike, ọ bụrụ na ọ dịghị corrosion adịghị ike. corrosion ma ọ bụ corrosion siri ike; (2) ọ bụrụ na enweghị nrụrụ siri ike, a na-enyocha ya dị ka corrosion na-agafeghị oke; (3) ọ bụrụ na e nwere otu ma ọ bụ abụọ ebe nke siri ike corrosion, ọ na-atụle dị ka ike corrosion; (4) ma ọ bụrụ na e nwere 3 ma ọ bụ karịa ebe nke siri ike corrosion, a na-enyocha ya dị ka ihe siri ike maka corrosion siri ike.
Dị ka ala resistivity, redox ikike, mmiri ọdịnaya, nnu ọdịnaya, pH uru, na Cl- na SO42- ọdịnaya, na corrosion akara ule nke ala samples dị iche iche slopes ka a tụlere n'ụzọ zuru ezu. Nsonaazụ nyocha na-egosi na ala ndị dị na mkpọda niile na-emebi emebi.
Ikike nke corrosion bụ ihe dị mkpa na-emetụta corrosion nke mkpọda nchebe net.The corrosion potentials nke atọ mkpọda bụ ihe niile dị ala karịa -200 mv, nke nwere mmetụta kasị ukwuu na corrosion nke elu metal ntupu.Potential gradient nwere ike iji na-ekpe ikpe na ịdị ukwuu nke stray ugbu a na ala.Stray ugbu a bụ ihe dị mkpa n'etiti ugwu corrosion na-emetụta metal. mkpọda, karịsịa na mkpọda n'etiti. Ngụkọta nnu soluble ọdịnaya na ala nke elu, n'etiti na nke ala mkpọda bụ ihe niile n'elu 500 mg / kg, na corrosion mmetụta na mkpọda nchebe net bụ moderate. Ala mmiri ọdịnaya bụ ihe dị mkpa na-emetụta corrosion nke metal meshes na etiti mkpọda na ala-mkpọda na-enwe mmetụta corrosion nke ukwuu na-echebe. dị ukwuu n'ime ala dị n'etiti mkpọda, na-egosi na a na-eme ihe omume microbial ugboro ugboro na uto osisi ngwa ngwa.
The nnyocha na-egosi na corrosion ikike, nwere ike gradient, ngụkọta soluble nnu ọdịnaya na mmiri ọdịnaya bụ isi ihe na-emetụta ala corrosion na atọ mkpọda, na ala corrosiveness na-enyocha dị ka strong.The corrosion nke mkpọda nchebe netwọk bụ ihe kasị njọ na n'etiti mkpọda, nke na-enye ntụaka maka mgbochi corrosion imewe nke ala ụgbọ okporo ígwè na-eme ka fatịlaịza spropriate na-ebelata fatịlaịza dị na fatịlaịza dị n'okporo ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè. corrosion, ikwado ihe ọkụkụ na-eto eto, na n'ikpeazụ mee ka mkpọda ahụ kwụsie ike.
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