Icyegeranyo gishya cy’inyungu mu gihembwe cya mbere cyasabwe n’inganda zitunganya imashini zo muri Amerika n’abakora imashini zo mu rwego rwo hejuru, hafi ya bose bahurije hamwe…
Ubudage n'Ubuholandi byahawe uburenganzira bwo kohereza icyuma kinini muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kuva ku ya 1 Mutarama 2022, nyuma y'uko Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zihagaritse gahunda iriho y'igika cya 232 ku byuma biva mu Muryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi hakurikijwe amasezerano y'ibihugu byombi, nk'uko inyandiko zasohotse mu Budage no mu Buholandi zibivuga. Urubuga rwa Minisiteri y'Ubucuruzi ya Amerika. Ibiciro muri Suwede na Otirishiya nabyo bifatwa nk'ingirakamaro ku bicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe.
Ubudage, ikigo kinini cy’ubucuruzi bw’ibyuma mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’u Burayi, cyahawe umugabane munini w’umugabane w’akarere (TRQ) wo kohereza ibicuruzwa muri Amerika, kuri toni miliyoni 3.33. Ubudage buzagira uburenganzira bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa bitandukanye toni 907.893, nk’uko urutonde rubigaragaza. Umugabane wabwo urimo toni 121.185 z’icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma, toni 86.221 z’urupapuro rugufi n’toni 85.676 z’umuyoboro w’amazi ufite umurambararo wo hanze urenga mm 406.4 ku mwaka.
Ubutaliyani, ikigo cya kabiri mu bucuruzi bw'ibyuma mu muryango w'ubumwe bw'u Burayi, gifite toni 360.477, inyuma cyane y'Ubudage, naho Ubuholandi bufite toni 507.598. Ubuholandi niho hari uruganda runini rwa IJmuiden rwa Tata Steel, rusanzwe rwohereza HRC muri Amerika.
Ubuholandi bufite toni 122.529 z'urupapuro rushyushye, toni 72.575 z'urupapuro rushyushye na toni 195.794 z'urupapuro rw'icyuma rugenewe Amerika ku mwaka.
Sisitemu y’ibiciro by’imisoro izasimbura imisoro ya 25% ku byuma by’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’uburayi byashyizweho n’uwahoze ari Perezida wa Amerika, Donald Trump, muri Werurwe 2018 hakurikijwe itegeko ry’ingingo ya 232. Ibicuruzwa byose byinjizwa mu gihugu buri mwaka hakurikijwe ibiciro by’imisoro bingana na toni miliyoni 3.3, bikubiyemo ibyiciro 54 by’ibicuruzwa, byagenwe hakurikijwe ibihugu bigize umuryango w’ubumwe bw’uburayi, hakurikijwe igihe cy’amateka cya 2015-2017, nk’uko Minisiteri y’Ubucuruzi ya Amerika yabitangaje.
Umuvugizi w’ishyirahamwe ry’ibyuma by’i Burayi rya Eurofer yagize ati: “Igabanywa ni uburyo bworoshye bwo kubara kugira ngo TRQs zegerezwe n’ingendo gakondo z’ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi zohereza ibicuruzwa muri Amerika (kuri buri gihugu kigize umuryango).”
Ariko, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zikomeje gushyiraho imisoro ku byuma bitumizwa mu mahanga biva mu bindi bihugu, nubwo Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n'Ubuyapani ubu biri mu biganiro ku masezerano y'ubucuruzi bw'inyongera.
Ariko, nk'uko bivugwa n'umuntu wo mu isoko ry'amasahani yo mu Budage: “Ubunini bw'amatoni mu Budage si bwinshi. Salzgitter iracyafite imisoro myinshi yo kurwanya ikoreshwa ry'ibicuruzwa bitwikwa, ibyo Dillinger ashobora kungukiramo. Nubwo Ububiligi bufite umugabane muto, ariko na Industeel nayo ni uko. NLMK iri muri Danemark.”
Abashinzwe amagorofa bavugaga ku misoro ku mazu maremare cyangwa atunganywa na bamwe mu bakora amagorofa yo mu Burayi: Amerika yashyizeho imisoro yo kurwanya ikoreshwa ry’ibicuruzwa ku bashoramari benshi mu 2017.
TRQ ya buri mwaka ku bicuruzwa bishyushye byo muri Otirishiya ni toni 22.903, naho TRQ y'imiyoboro n'imiyoboro y'amavuta ni toni 85.114. Mu ntangiriro z'uku kwezi, Herbert Eibensteiner, umuyobozi mukuru wa Voestalpine ikora ibyuma, yavuze ko urwego rw'umutungo wa Amerika muri iki gihugu ari "rukwiriye Otirishiya". Eibensteiner yavuze ko Voestalpine yakomeje kohereza muri Amerika nubwo "umutwaro ukomeye w'ubuyobozi" Voestalpine ihanganye nawo wo kubona uburenganzira bwo gusonerwa ndetse n'umusoro wa buri mwaka wa miliyoni 40 z'amayero (miliyoni 45.23 z'amadolari) wo kohereza imiyoboro mu rwego rwa peteroli na gaze muri Amerika.
Bimwe mu bipimo binini by’igihugu birimo toni 76.750 ku mpapuro zikonje n’ibindi bicuruzwa muri Suwede, toni 32.320 ku mpapuro zikonje n’ibicuruzwa bishyushye na toni 20.293 ku mpapuro zikonje n’ibicuruzwa bishyushye. Urwego rw’Ububiligi rugizwe na toni 24.463 z’impapuro zikonje n’ibindi bicuruzwa, toni 26.610 z’impapuro zikonje n’ibicuruzwa bishyushye, toni 13.108 z’isahani na toni 11.680 z’ibicuruzwa bikonje n’ibicuruzwa bitarangirika.
Igiciro cy’imisoro cya Repubulika ya Tchèque kizemerera kohereza mu mahanga toni 28.741 z’inzira ya gari ya moshi isanzwe, toni 16.043 z’imigozi ishyushye, na toni 14.317 z’imiyoboro y’imirongo ifite umurambararo wo hanze ungana na mm 406.4 ku mwaka. Ku isahani isanzwe, Ubufaransa bwahawe TRQ ya toni 73.869, Danemark toni 11.024 na Finilande toni 18.220. Ubufaransa nabwo bwakiriye toni 50.278 z’imigozi ishyushye.
Ubugereki bwahawe TRQ ya toni 68.531 ku miyoboro ifite umurambararo wo hanze urenga mm 406.4. Luxembourg yahawe toni 86.395 zo kohereza inguni, ibice n'imiterere muri Amerika, n'umubare wa toni 38.016 ku miyoboro y'impapuro.
Hari isoko ry’ubucuruzi ryiteze ko ibicuruzwa bya rebar bikomoka muri Amerika biva muri EU bingana na toni 67,248, ibyo bikaba bitazagira ingaruka zikomeye ku isoko ryo kohereza ibicuruzwa muri Turukiya.
Yagize ati: “Tosyali Algeria ni imwe mu zigabanya ibyuma bya Turukiya bikoreshwa muri Amerika,” yongeraho ko nubwo Tosyali ishyiraho umusoro wa 25% ku byoherezwa muri Amerika, nta misoro bafite yo kurwanya itaka cyangwa imisoro yo kubisubiza inyuma, bityo abaguzi muri Amerika bafashe ibyuma bya Turukiya hanze ya Alijeriya.
Ishami ry’Ubucuruzi ryasobanuye ku rubuga rwaryo ko umubare w’ibiciro by’imisoro uzabarwa kuri buri mwaka w’isuzuma kandi ugatangwa buri gihembwe. Umubare w’ibiciro bya TRQ utakoreshejwe mu gihembwe cya mbere cy’uyu mwaka, kugeza kuri 4% by’umubare wagenwe muri icyo gihembwe, uzimurwa kugeza mu gihembwe cya gatatu. Umubare w’ibiciro bya TRQ utakoreshejwe mu gihembwe cya kabiri cy’uyu mwaka, hakurikijwe amabwiriza amwe, uzimurwa kugeza mu gihembwe cya kane, naho umubare w’ibiciro bya TRQ utakoreshejwe mu gihembwe cya gatatu, hakurikijwe amabwiriza amwe, uzimurwa kugeza mu gihembwe gitaha cya mbere cy’umwaka.
“Ibipimo by’imisoro bizashyirwa kuri buri cyiciro cy’ibicuruzwa muri buri gihugu kigize Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi hakurikijwe ababigezeho bwa mbere. Amerika izatanga ku rubuga rwa interineti rusange amakuru ajyanye n’ikoreshwa ry’ibipimo by’imisoro buri gihembwe kuri buri cyiciro cy’ibicuruzwa, harimo n’amakuru ku misoro itazakoreshwa. Ingano y’ibipimo ivanwa mu gihembwe kimwe ijya mu kindi,” nk’uko byatangajwe.
Ni ubuntu kandi biroroshye kubikora. Koresha buto iri hepfo hanyuma tuzakugarura hano nurangiza.