Ua aneane like ka pōʻai hou loa o nā kāhea loaʻa kālā o ka hapaha mua i nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe US a me nā mea hana upstream…
Ua hāʻawi ʻia iā Kelemania a me Netherlands ke kuleana i kahi quota hoʻokuʻu aku nui o ke kila i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa mai Ianuali 1, 2022, ma hope o ka hoʻopau ʻana o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ke aupuni ʻauhau lawe mai o ka Pauku 232 ma ke kila mai ka ʻAhahui ʻEulopa ma lalo o kahi ʻaelike bilateral, e like me nā palapala i paʻi ʻia ma Kelemania a me Netherlands. Pūnaewele o ke Keʻena Kālepa o US. ʻIke ʻia hoʻi he mea pono nā quotas ma Suedena a me Austria no kekahi mau huahana.
ʻO Kelemania, ka mea hana kila nui loa o ka EU, ua loaʻa iā ia ka hapa nui o ka quota tariff makahiki (TRQ) o ka ʻāina no nā mea hoʻokuʻu aku i ka US, ma 3.33 miliona tone. E loaʻa iā Kelemania ke kuleana e hoʻokuʻu aku i ka huina o 907,893 metric tone o nā huahana like ʻole, e like me kahi papa inoa. ʻO kāna quota e komo pū ana me 121,185 tone o ka tinplate, 86,221 tone o ka pepa ʻoki-a-lōʻihi a me 85,676 tone o ka paipu laina me ke anawaena waho e ʻoi aku ana ma mua o 406.4 mm i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
ʻO Italia, ka lua o ka mea hana kila nui loa o ka EU, he quota holoʻokoʻa he 360,477 tone, ma hope loa o Kelemania, a he quota holoʻokoʻa ko Netherlands he 507,598 tone. ʻO Netherlands ka home o ka hale wili nui ʻo IJmuiden o Tata Steel, kahi mea hoʻopuka kuʻuna o HRC i ka US.
He quota makahiki ko Netherlands no 122,529 tons o ka pepa ʻōwili wela, 72,575 tons o ka ʻōwili wela a me 195,794 tons o ka tinplate i ka US.
E pani ka ʻōnaehana quota tariff-rate i ka 25% tariff e kū nei ma nā lawe mai kila EU i kau ʻia e ka Pelekikena mua o ʻAmelika ʻo Donald Trump i Malaki 2018 ma lalo o ke kānāwai Pauku 232. ʻO ka huina o nā lawe mai makahiki ma lalo o nā quota tariff ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma 3.3 miliona tone, e uhi ana i 54 mau māhele huahana, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma ke kumu o kahi mokuʻāina EU, e like me ka wā mōʻaukala 2015-2017, wahi a ke Keʻena Kālepa o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
"He helu maʻalahi ka māhele ʻana e hoʻokokoke mai i nā TRQ i nā kahe hoʻokuʻu aku kuʻuna a ka EU i ka US (no kēlā me kēia mokuʻāina lālā)," wahi a kekahi wahine ʻōlelo no ka hui kila ʻEulopa ʻo Eurofer.
Eia nō naʻe, ke hoʻomau nei ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka hoʻokau ʻana i nā ʻauhau ma lalo o ka Paukū 232 ma nā hao hao i lawe ʻia mai nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, ʻoiai ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Iapana e kūkākūkā ana i nā ʻaelike kālepa ʻē aʻe.
Eia nō naʻe, e like me kahi kumu ma ka mākeke pā Kelemania: "ʻAʻole nui ka nui o nā tona Kelemania. Loaʻa iā Salzgitter nā ʻauhau anti-dumping kiʻekiʻe, kahi e pōmaikaʻi ai ʻo Dillinger. ʻOiai he quota liʻiliʻi ko Belgium, akā pēlā nō ʻo Industeel. Aia ʻo NLMK ma Denemaka.
Ua pili nā kumu o nā pā hale i nā ʻauhau ma nā pā hale i ʻoki ʻia a i ʻole i hana ʻia e kekahi mau mea hana pā hale ʻEulopa: ua kau ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i nā ʻauhau anti-dumping ma luna o kekahi mau mea hana i ka makahiki 2017.
ʻO ka TRQ makahiki no nā huahana pālahalaha wela ʻAukekulia he 22,903 tons, a ʻo ka TRQ no nā paipu a me nā ʻōmole luawai ʻaila he 85,114 tons. Ma mua o kēia mahina, ua kapa ʻo Herbert Eibensteiner, ka luna hoʻomalu o ka mea hana kila voestalpine, i ka pae quota US o ka ʻāina he "kūpono no Austria". Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Eibensteiner ua hoʻomau ʻo voestalpine i ka hoʻokuʻu aku i ka US ʻoiai ke "kaumaha hoʻokele kiʻekiʻe" e kū nei iā voestalpine e loaʻa ai nā hoʻokuʻu a me kahi uku makahiki o 40 miliona euros ($45.23 miliona) no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana aku i nā pipelines i ka ʻāpana aila a me ke kinoea US.
ʻO kekahi o nā quota aupuni nui aʻe e komo pū ana me 76,750 tone no ka pepa ʻōwili anu a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe ma Suedena, 32,320 tone no ka ʻōwili wela a me 20,293 tone no ka pepa ʻōwili wela. ʻO ka quota o Belgium e komo pū ana me 24,463 tone o ka pepa ʻōwili anu a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe, 26,610 tone o ka pepa ʻōwili wela, 13,108 tone o ka pā a me 11,680 tone o nā huahana ʻōwili palahalaha kila kila.
ʻO ka quota tariff o ka Czech Republic e ʻae i ka hoʻokuʻu aku ʻana i 28,741 metric tons o ke kaʻaahi maʻamau, 16,043 metric tons o nā kaola wela i ʻōwili ʻia, a me 14,317 metric tons o ka paipu laina me ke anawaena waho a hiki i 406.4 mm i kēlā me kēia makahiki. No ka pā ʻoki-a-lōʻihi, ua loaʻa iā Farani kahi TRQ o 73,869 t, Denemaka 11,024 t a me Finland 18,220 t. Ua loaʻa pū iā Farani he 50,278 tons o ka kaola wela i ʻōwili ʻia.
Ua loaʻa iā Helene kahi TRQ o 68,531 metric tons no nā pipeline me ke anawaena o waho ma mua o 406.4 mm. Ua loaʻa iā Luxembourg kahi quota o 86,395 tons no ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā kihi, nā ʻāpana a me nā ʻaoʻao i ka US, a me kahi quota o 38,016 tons no nā puʻu pepa.
Manaʻo kekahi kumu kālepa e lawe mai ana ʻo EU i nā rebar mai ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa he 67,248t, ʻaʻole ia e loaʻa ka hopena nui ma ka mākeke hoʻokuʻu aku i ka rebar Turkish.
"ʻO Tosyali Algeria kekahi o nā mea pāʻani i ʻoki i ka rebar Tureke i ka US," wahi āna, me ka hoʻohui ʻana ʻoiai ʻo Tosyali rebar e kau nei i kahi tariff 25% ma nā mea hoʻokuʻu aku i ka US, ʻaʻohe o lākou anti-dumping a me nā countervailing duties, no laila ua hoʻopaʻa nā mea kūʻai ma US i ka rebar ma waho o Algeria.
Ua wehewehe ke Keʻena Kālepa ma kāna pūnaewele e helu ʻia nā quota uku tariff no kēlā me kēia makahiki o ke ana a mālama ʻia ma ke kumu hapaha. ʻO kēlā me kēia nui TRQ i hoʻohana ʻole ʻia i ka hapaha mua o kēia makahiki, a hiki i ka 4% o ka quota i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia no kēlā hapaha, e lawe ʻia i mua i ka hapaha ʻekolu. ʻO kēlā me kēia nui TRQ i hoʻohana ʻole ʻia i ka hapaha ʻelua o kēia makahiki, e pili ana i nā kapu like, e lawe ʻia i mua i ka hapaha ʻehā, a ʻo kekahi nui TRQ i hoʻohana ʻole ʻia i ka hapaha ʻekolu, e pili ana i nā kapu like, e lawe ʻia i mua i ka hapaha mua o ka makahiki.
"E hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā quota tariff i kēlā me kēia māhele huahana ma kēlā me kēia mokuʻāina lālā o EU ma ke ʻano mua-hele-mua. E hāʻawi ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma ka pūnaewele lehulehu i kahi mea hou e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka quota hapaha no kēlā me kēia māhele huahana, me ka ʻike e pili ana i nā tariffs e hoʻohana ʻole ʻia. Hoʻoili ʻia ka nui o ka quota mai kekahi hapaha a i kekahi," wahi āna.
He manuahi a maʻalahi hoʻi e hana. E ʻoluʻolu e hoʻohana i ke pihi ma lalo nei a e hoʻihoʻi mākou iā ʻoe i ʻaneʻi ke pau ʻoe.